Development of the Troponin Detection System Based on the Nanostructure

During the last 30 years, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a gradual increase in the number of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), not only in developed but also in developing countries. In particular, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the severe CVDs because of the high death rate, damage to the body, and various complications. During these harmful effects, rapid diagnosis of AMI is key for saving patients with CVD in an emergency. The prompt diagnosis and proper treatment of patients with AMI are important to increase the survival rate of these patients. To treat patients with AMI quickly, detection of a CVD biomarker at an ultra-low concentration is essential. Cardiac troponins (cTNs), cardiac myoglobin (cMB), and creatine kinase MB are typical biomarkers for AMI detection. An increase in the levels of those biomarkers in blood implies damage to cardiomyocytes and thus is related to AMI progression. In particular, cTNs are regarded as a gold standard biomarker for AMI diagnosis. The conventional TN detection system for detection of AMI requires long measurement time and is labor-intensive and tedious. Therefore, the demand for sensitive and selective TN detection techniques is increasing at present. To meet this demand, several approaches and methods have been applied to develop a TN detection system based on a nanostructure. In the present review, the authors reviewed recent advances in TN biosensors with a focus on four detection systems: (1) An electrochemical (EC) TN nanobiosensor, (2) field effect transistor (FET)-based TN nanobiosensor, (3) surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based TN nanobiosensor and (4) surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based TN nanobiosensor.

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INFLUENCE OF THE THYROID GLAND ON THE COURSE OF TUBERCULOSIS

СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ В БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИХ СИСТЕМАХ ◽

10.36622/vstu.2020.19.4.008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 60-69

Author(s):

Анна Владимировна Лушникова ◽

Юлия Юрьевна Бакутина ◽

Надежда Егоровна Хорошилова ◽

Светлана Александровна Недомолкина

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

The Body ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

World Health ◽

Medical Society ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Somatic State

В 2018 году по данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения было выявлено более 10 млн. человек, заболевших туберкулезной инфекцией, 1,6 млн. из которых погибли. Причинами высокой смертности могли послужить: низкая эффективность лечения, множественная лекарственная толерантность к препаратам как первой, так и второй линий, применяемых в лечении, неосведомленность о соматическом состоянии пациентов, развитие побочных действий и снижение реактивности организма [1]. За последние годы по данным статистических обзоров во всем мире, в том числе и РФ, отмечается значительный рост числа больных, инфицированных мультирезистентными штаммами M.tuberculosis. В режимы химиотерапии таких больных включают большое количество противотуберкулезных препаратов, удлиняются сроки лечения, что способствует увеличению побочных реакций токсического характера, как от самих лекарственных препаратов, так и от их метаболитов. Также одним из возможных и недооцененных триггеров, влияющих на течение туберкулеза, может быть функциональное состояние щитовидной железы. Именно поэтому тиреоидный статус пациентов с туберкулезной инфекцией может играть значительную роль в развитии, течении и исходе данного заболевания. Так, проблемой современного медицинского общества может быть недостаточность знаний и отсутствие комплексных обследований полиморбидных пациентов, являющихся основой группы пациентов с туберкулезом легких In 2018, according to the world health organization, more than 10 million people were identified with tuberculosis infection, 1.6 million of whom died. The causes of high mortality could be: low effectiveness of treatment, multiple drug tolerance to both first-and second-line drugs used in treatment, lack of awareness of the somatic state of patients, the development of side effects and reduced reactivity of the body. [1] in recent years, according to statistical reviews all over the world, including the Russian Federation, there has been a significant increase in the number of patients infected with multi-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. These data contribute to an increase in toxic adverse reactions both from the drugs themselves and from their metabolites. Also, one of the possible and underestimated triggers that affect the course of tuberculosis may be the functional state of the thyroid gland. That is why the thyroid status of patients with tuberculosis infection can play a significant role in the development, course and outcome of this disease. Thus, the problem of modern medical society may be the lack of knowledge and the lack of comprehensive examinations of polymorbid patients, which are the basis of the group of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

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Can r-graphene oxide replace the noble metals in SERS studies: the detection of acrylamide

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en14245 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 58 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elad Segal ◽

Aharon Gedanken

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Noble Metals ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽

World Health ◽

The European Union ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman ◽

Health Organization

Environmental context The need for detecting and sensing hazardous materials that can contaminate our food and water is growing each and every year. Regulation of these contaminants to safeguard human health depends on the ability to detect them at ultra-low concentrations in the environment. This work proposes a simple and efficient substrate preparation for detecting acrylamide, a toxic and carcinogenic material usually found in drinking water. Abstract Polyacrylamide acts as a very common water purifier worldwide. Unfortunately, it leaves hazardous and toxic residues of its monomer, acrylamide (C3H5NO), in water sources. The World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) and the European Union (EU) set the maximum contaminant level of acrylamide in drinking water to 0.1–0.5µgL–1. This environmental risk encouraged our efforts to develop surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) probes that are easy and simple to fabricate, and also have superb detection ability. We report down to 0.071µgL–1 acrylamide detection with good reproducibility, which is even lower than the WHO, FAO and EU requirements, and may be used as a powerful analytical alternative for detection. In this manuscript, we present a practical route to fabricate these detection substrates for detection of ultra-low concentrations of aqueous acrylamide solutions. The facile method is based on deposition of graphene oxide on Si wafers by ultrasonication, followed by surface reduction. These substrates require no adhesion layer or pretreatment with O2 plasma or aminopropyl triethoxysilane for the coating process. Sonochemical deposition of silver nanoparticles on the substrates is also carried out and the product compared with the proposed Si–reduced graphene oxide wafers.

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Secular Trends of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from Ukraine

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3302

Author(s):

Katarzyna Dereń ◽

Justyna Wyszyńska ◽

Serhiy Nyankovskyy ◽

Olena Nyankovska ◽

Marta Yatsula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Age Groups ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Health Organization ◽

Obesity In Children

Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight in children and adolescents, pose a significant public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the secular trend of the incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children from Ukraine in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019. The studies were conducted in randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Ukraine. In total, 13,447 children (6468 boys and 6979 girls) participated in the study in 2013/2014 and 18,144 children (8717 boys and 9427 girls) participated in 2018/2019. Measurements of body weight and height were performed in triplicate. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were diagnosed according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the group of girls, a significant difference between 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 measurements was found only among 7-year-olds. The percentage of girls at this age exceeding the body mass index (BMI) norm was lower in the 2018/2019 study. In boys, a significant difference was also found in 7-year-olds, and, as in girls, a lower share of overweight and obesity was found in 2018/2019. But for the ages of 12, 13, and 15, the significant differences had a different character—more overweight or obese boys were found in the 2018/2019 study. The proportion of underweight children was similar for the majority of age groups in both genders and did not differ in a statistically significant way.

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Patterns of skull base meningioma progression after failed radiosurgery

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2007.106.1.30 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

William T. Couldwell ◽

Chad D. Cole ◽

Ossama Al-Mefty

Keyword(s):

Skull Base ◽

Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

World Health ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Subtotal Resection ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Skull Base Meningioma ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Health Organization

Object Stereotactic radiosurgery has been reported to be an effective alternative to surgical removal of small to medium benign meningiomas as well as an adjuvant treatment modality to reduce the risk of tumor progression after subtotal resection. Its efficacy has been proved by excellent short-term radiosurgically demonstrated control rates, which have been reported to approach or exceed 90% in many contemporary studies involving the use of either linear accelerator–based systems or the Gamma Knife. Little is known, however, regarding the growth patterns of meningiomas that fail to stabilize after radiosurgery. Methods The authors report 13 cases of benign skull base meningiomas (World Health Organization Grade I) that demonstrated progression after radiosurgical treatment as a primary or an adjuvant therapy. Several tumors demonstrated rapid growth immediately after radiosurgical treatment, whereas other lesions progressed in a very delayed manner in some patients (up to 14 years after treatment). Regardless of the interval after which it occurs, tumor growth can be quite aggressive once it has begun. Conclusions Skull base meningioma growth can be aggressive after failed radiosurgery in some patients, and treatment failure can occur at long intervals following treatment. Special attention must be devoted to such significant occurrences given the increasing number of patients undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery for benign tumors, and careful extended (> 10 years) follow up must be undertaken in all patients after radiosurgery.

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Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre mulheres eutróficas

Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas ◽

10.9771/cmbio.v11i2.6682 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 184

Author(s):

Marcela Ribeiro da Costa ◽

Durval Sobreiro Júnior ◽

Crésio Alves

Keyword(s):

Normal Weight ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Font Size ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Skin Fold ◽

Methods Of Evaluation ◽

Health Organization ◽

Body Compositions

Introdução - Apesar da ampla utilização e significativa correlação do IMC (Índice de Massa Corporal) com o diagnóstico de sobrepeso e obesidade, estudos recentes sugerem pouca associação dos valores intermediários de sobrepeso com o percentual de gordura corporal, o que pode subestimar a prevalência de elevada adiposidade e seus riscos à saúde. Métodos - Este estudo comparou o diagnóstico de mulheres consideradas eutróficas pelo critério de IMC preconizado pela OMS (Organização Mundial de Saúde) com a avaliação segundo o cálculo do percentual de gordura corporal aferido por pregas cutâneas. Foram analisadas as fichas de avaliação física de duzentas e quatro alunas matriculadas em uma academia exclusiva para mulheres de Salvador, Bahia, em 2010. Foram analisados peso, altura, prega cutânea tricipital, supra-ilíaca e coxa, além dos cálculos de IMC e percentual de gordura corporal através do programa EVO®. Resultados - Foi observado que apenas 25,95% das mulheres eutróficas pelo valor do IMC permaneceram com mesmo diagnóstico nutricional após avaliação do percentual de gordura corporal. A prevalência de obesidade, segundo o IMC, foi de 6,37% da amostra total, enquanto essa prevalência entre mulheres eutróficas pelo IMC, após avaliação da composição corporal, foi de 38,17%, 6 vezes maior. Observou-se, também, influência da idade na adequação do IMC e percentual de gordura corporal. Discussão - Os achados deste estudo foram compatíveis com outros resultados encontrados na literatura, sugerindo subdiagnóstico do sobrepeso e da obesidade através da classificação do IMC e a necessidade da associação de métodos para uma avaliação clínica mais adequada e um diagnóstico do estado nutricional mais preciso. Abstract Introduction: The BMI (Body Mass Index) is the major parameter currently recommended by the WHO (world health organization) to determine the diagnosis and the treatment to obesity and overweight. The intermediate BMI classification could underestimate the diagnosis when is compared with other evaluation methods. Methods: the aim of this paper is show the relationship between normal BMI and the high percentage body fat evaluated by skin fold thicknesses protocol (Pollock, 1984) in woman from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil in 2010. We compared the classification diagnosis based in BMI and skin fold thicknesses in 204 women age between 20 to 59 years. Results: in our sample, according with the classification based in BMI 74% of subjects was considered normal weight. When we analyzed the skin fold classification only 26% remain with the same diagnosis. Conclusions: Our outcome shows the role of the BMI in the diagnosis of the obesity and overweight must to be considerated and added to other methods of evaluation of the body compositions a skin fold protocols.

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A PIECEWISE GROWTH MODEL FOR MODELING THE ACCUMULATED NUMBER OF COVID-19 CASES IN THE CITY OF CAMPO GRANDE

REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE BIOMETRIA ◽

10.28951/rbb.v39i1.542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Erlandson Ferreira SARAIVA ◽

Leandro SAUER ◽

Basílio De Bragança PEREIRA ◽

Carlos Alberto de Bragança PEREIRA

Keyword(s):

Growth Model ◽

Health Department ◽

World Health ◽

Mathematical Study ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Technical Report ◽

The World ◽

The Government ◽

Health Organization ◽

The City

In December of 2019, a new coronavirus was discovered in the city of Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization officially named this coronavirus as COVID-19. Since its discovery, the virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently one of the main health problems, causing an enormous social and economic burden. Due to this, there is a great interest in mathematical models capable of projecting the evolution of the disease in countries, states and/or cities. This interest is mainly due to the fact that the projections may help the government agents in making decisions in relation to the prevention of the disease. By using this argument, the health department of the city (HDC) of Campo Grande asked the UFMS for the development of a mathematical study to project the evolution of the disease in the city. In this paper, we describe a modeling procedure used to fit a piecewise growth model for the accumulated number of cases recorded in the city. From the fitted model, we estimate the date in which the pandemic peak is reached and project the number of patients who will need treatment in intensive care units. Weekly, was sent to HDC a technical report describing the main results.

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Developing WHO guidelines: Time to formally include evidence from mathematical modelling studies

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.12367.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1584 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Matthias Egger ◽

Leigh Johnson ◽

Christian Althaus ◽

Anna Schöni ◽

Georgia Salanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modelling ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Who Guidelines ◽

Problem Model ◽

Assessment Development ◽

Modelling Studies ◽

Health Organization

In recent years, the number of mathematical modelling studies has increased steeply. Many of the questions addressed in these studies are relevant to the development of World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, but modelling studies are rarely formally included as part of the body of evidence. An expert consultation hosted by WHO, a survey of modellers and users of modelling studies, and literature reviews informed the development of recommendations on when and how to incorporate the results of modelling studies into WHO guidelines. In this article, we argue that modelling studies should routinely be considered in the process of developing WHO guidelines, but particularly in the evaluation of public health programmes, long-term effectiveness or comparative effectiveness. There should be a systematic and transparent approach to identifying relevant published models, and to commissioning new models. We believe that the inclusion of evidence from modelling studies into the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) process is possible and desirable, with relatively few adaptations. No single “one-size-fits-all” approach is appropriate to assess the quality of modelling studies. The concept of the ‘credibility’ of the model, which takes the conceptualization of the problem, model structure, input data, different dimensions of uncertainty, as well as transparency and validation into account, is more appropriate than ‘risk of bias’.

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Physical development of children in St. Petersburg: to the discussion about methods of evaluation

Pediatrician (St Petersburg) ◽

10.17816/ped10233-36 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 33-36

Author(s):

Vera L. Gritsinskaya ◽

Valeria P. Novikova

Keyword(s):

Essential Feature ◽

The Body ◽

International Standards ◽

World Health ◽

School Age Children ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

School Age ◽

Modern School ◽

Health Organization ◽

Growth Assessment

Anthropometric evaluation is an essential feature of pediatric evaluation. Different countries use different approaches in pediatric growth assessment. The article presents a comparative analysis of the body length (BL) indicators of modern school-age children in St. Petersburg with regional standards (1991) and international standards (WHO Growth Reference 2007). Anthropometric evaluation was conducted among 6207 children aged 7 to 17 years; the median, standard deviation and centile distribution of the BL values of school-age children were determined. We found that the values of BL of modern school-age children are higher than that their peers had thirty years ago; in boys, the maximum difference is found during the pubertal growth spurt; Non-parametric and parametric indicators of BL in senior pupils of St. Petersburg are higher than in the standards of the World Health Organization; in junior schoolchildren no difference was found. The data we obtained create the prerequisites for the development of modern regional standards for growth assessment of children and school-age children in St. Petersburg and their practical use for pediatric examinations.

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Machine Learning based Human Fall Detection System

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.35394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (VI) ◽

pp. 2677-2682

Author(s):

Nishanth P

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Detection System ◽

Wearable Sensors ◽

Fall Detection ◽

The Elderly ◽

World Health ◽

Support Vector ◽

Data Output ◽

Health Organization ◽

Context Features

Falls have become one of the reasons for death. It is common among the elderly. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 3 out of 10 living alone elderly people of age 65 and more tend to fall. This rate may get higher in the upcoming years. In recent years, the safety of elderly residents alone has received increased attention in a number of countries. The fall detection system based on the wearable sensors has made its debut in response to the early indicator of detecting the fall and the usage of the IoT technology, but it has some drawbacks, including high infiltration, low accuracy, poor reliability. This work describes a fall detection that does not reliant on wearable sensors and is related on machine learning and image analysing in Python. The camera's high-frequency pictures are sent to the network, which uses the Convolutional Neural Network technique to identify the main points of the human. The Support Vector Machine technique uses the data output from the feature extraction to classify the fall. Relatives will be notified via mobile message. Rather than modelling individual activities, we use both motion and context information to recognize activities in a scene. This is based on the notion that actions that are spatially and temporally connected rarely occur alone and might serve as background for one another. We propose a hierarchical representation of action segments and activities using a two-layer random field model. The model allows for the simultaneous integration of motion and a variety of context features at multiple levels, as well as the automatic learning of statistics that represent the patterns of the features.

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NEW CORONOVIRUS INFECTION: CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF COVID-19 IN PREGNANT WOMEN

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-8-57-62 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

Allakhyarov D.Z. ◽

Petrov Yu.A. ◽

Chernavsky V.V.

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

The Moment ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Impact

This article presents reviews of literature sources on the clinical and pathogenetic aspects of the course of a new coronovirus infection in pregnant women, in order to analyze the features of the course of COVID-19 in pregnant women and to assess the impact of infection on the body of a woman and a fetus. Pregnancy is a special physiological condition, during which a number of changes occur in the body, not only in the hormonal status, but also in the immune system. The urgency of this problem is due to the high prevalence of new coronavirus infection among the population. On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO), as a result of the dynamic development of the epidemic in many countries and continents, declared a global pandemic of the contagious disease COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. According to available studies, pregnant women are more susceptible to a more severe course of infectious diseases affecting the upper respiratory tract. According to various studies, a new coronavirus infection can lead to premature birth, miscarriage, and preeclampsia. Separate studies show increased mortality in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 virus does not have a direct teratogenic effect on the fetus, but it can indirectly lead to harmful effects on the developing organism. Special attention should be paid to the issue of vaccination of pregnant women against a new coronavirus infection, at the moment there is no accurate data on the effect of the vaccine on the body of the pregnant woman and the fetus. In this regard, the question of the impact of a new coronavirus infection on the course of pregnancy has become relevant.

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