scholarly journals Personal Hygiene, Environmental Sanitation and Hepatitis A Infections in Universitas Jember

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 766-770
Author(s):  
Dian Septivita ◽  
Isa Ma’rufi ◽  
Farida Wahyu Ningtyias
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
And Control

Hepatitis A is a disease caused by type A hepatitis virus that attacks human liver cells. The disease is closely related to the lack of clean water, inadequate sanitation and poor personal hygiene. Hepatitis A can lead to the incidence of widespread public health problems and cause outbreaks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation on the incidence of hepatitis A at Universitas Jember. The researcher used observational analytics research design with case-control approach. A total of 92 respondent consisting of case and control respondents was taken as samples. Case sample selected by using simple random sampling, and control sample selected by using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test. The results showed that personal hygiene had an effect on the incidence of hepatitis A with p-value of 0.000, while environmental sanitation had no effect with p-value of 0.402. There is a need to enhance the active role of health workers in providing health promotion means in schools, such as routine health counseling to improve students' knowledge about hepatitis A and the way to prevent the disease through behavior improvement. Keywords: hepatitis A virus; personal hygiene; sanitation

scholarly journals The Outbreak of Hepatitis A: Evidence in Pacitan District

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Ratih Lukmitarani ◽  
Mufiadzatul Ardiyah ◽  
R Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
District Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Indonesia is a country with a high geographical distribution of hepatitis A. In June 2019, the government established the status of hepatitis A outbreaks in Pacitan District, which is spread across several districts. Based on data from the District Health Office of Pacitan, there were 1,310 peoples with hepatitis A on October 2019. Through this study, the relation between knowledge, attitudes, and personal hygiene as risk factors of hepatitis A outbreaks in Pacitan District can be identified. Methods: Observational analytic methods and case control research design were used in this study. The population was 280 people. The sample consisted of 60 peoples with case of 30 peoples and control of 30 peoples. Case and control samples were taken randomly (simple random sampling). The research data were collected using the interview method, then analyzed using the Chi Square test and the Contingency Coefficient. Results and Discussion: There was a correlation between knowledge level with the occurrence of hepatitis A outbreaks (p-value = 0.002 <0.05), attitudes with hepatitis A (pvalue = 0.004 <0.05), and personal hygiene with the occurrence of hepatitis A outbreaks (pvalue = 0.001 <0.05). Conclusion: Inadequate knowledge, inappropriate personal hygiene lead to the spread of hepatitis A outbreaks in the working area of Primary Health Care of Ngadirojo, Pacitan District.

Viral Hepatitis A: Virus, Disease, and Control

1984 ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
F. DEINHARDT ◽  
J. ABB ◽  
V. GAUSS-MüLLER ◽  
K. VON DER HELM ◽  
M. ROGGENDORF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals ANALISIS SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DAN PERILAKU PENJAMAH MAKANAN TERHADAP KEPADATAN KECOAK DI KANTIN PELABUHAN DUMAI

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Dwi Yanti Tanjung ◽  
Agrina Agrina ◽  
Ridwan Manda Putra
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
P Value ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Relationship Analysis

The research objective was to analyze the environmental sanitation and behavior of food handlers with the vector density of cockroaches in the Dumai Port canteen. It is an observational research with cross sectional method and quantitative data type. The research location was at the Port of Dumai canteen with the first population, namely 24 canteens, total sampling technique, the second 48 food handlers and the third population of 78 buyers with purposive sampling. Relationship analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. With the results of environmental sanitation that meet the health requirements of 20.83% and do not meet the health requirements of 79.17% and the behavior of food handlers as many as 8 (16.67%) have bad behavior, 17 (35.42%) have good enough behavior and 23 (47.91%) good behavior, 6 canteens in medium category and 18 high category canteens. The results of the analysis showed a strong (r = 0.799) and significant (p value = 0.000) relationship between environmental sanitation and cockroach density and a very weak correlation (r = 0.015) between food handler behavior and cockroach density in the Dumai Port canteen (pvalue = 0.946) greater than 0.05 means that there is no relationship between food handler behavior and cockroach density. The economic factor of the price and location purchasing decisions becomes the consumer decision-making process in buying at the Dumai Port Canteen. The suggestion in this research is the need to improve environmental sanitation and increase the supervision of port health workers to reduce the cockroach population in the Dumai Port Canteen.

scholarly journals Factors associated with differential community prevalence of hepatitis E in two sub-counties in Kitgum District in Northern Uganda: A comparative cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Aloyo ◽  
Juliet Kiguli ◽  
Christopher Orach Garimoi ◽  
Eric Nzirakaindi Ikoona ◽  
David Lagoro Kitara
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Heads Of Household

Abstract Background: Hepatitis E is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. During 2009, an epidemic of hepatitis E resulted in 10,437 infections and 167 deaths in Kitgum district.Objective: To investigate factors associated with the differential community prevalence of hepatitis E in two sub-counties in Kitgum District.Methods: We conducted a community survey during the 4th-31st of May 2012 in two Sub Counties in Kitgum District in Northern Uganda. A total of 474 heads of household were recruited using a probability proportional to size through multistage and random sampling methods. Two hundred thirty-four (49.26%) heads of household were from Mucwini, and 241 (50.74%) were from Kitgum Matidi Sub Counties. The questionnaire had an internal validity of Cronbach’s α=0.85. The study was approved by a local IRB. STATA version 10.0 was used for data analysis, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The prevalence of hepatitis E was significantly higher in Mucwini Subcountry 97 (41.99%) than in Kitgum Matidi 63 (26.47%); χ2=12.6; p=0.000. Factors associated with differential prevalence were hand washing after latrine use with Adjusted Odds Ratio (AoR)=0.23,95%CI:0.110-0.646; p=0.003; frequency of communal hand washing AoR=0.53,95%CI:0.330-0.860; p=0.01; patients’ handling by health workers AoR=1.91,95%CI:1.410-2.610; p<0.001; frequency of village health meetings held AoR=0.69,95%CI:0.56-0.85; p<0.001 and awareness of the cause of Hepatitis E AoR=1.42, 95%CI:0.710-1.880; p=0.015.Conclusions: Factors associated with the differential community prevalence of hepatitis E in the two communities were poor personal hygiene, poor community practices and a low level of community awareness about the virus. District and health authorities should put in place measures to improve personal and household hygiene and strengthen community health education on hepatitis E.

scholarly journals Recovery and Sequence Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus from Springwater Implicated in an Outbreak of Acute Viral Hepatitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 6158-6160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A. Tallon ◽  
David C. Love ◽  
Zack S. Moore ◽  
Mark D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Fecal Indicators ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT An outbreak of acute hepatitis A virus in North Carolina was linked to drinking water from a contaminated shallow spring by phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis A virus (HAV) genomic sequences. Detection of HAV and fecal indicators in the water provided useful and timely information to assist with public health prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis A and E Viruses and Viremia of Hepatitis B, C, and D Viruses among Apparently Healthy Populations in Mongolia

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Takahashi ◽  
Tsutomu Nishizawa ◽  
Yuhko Gotanda ◽  
Fumio Tsuda ◽  
Fumio Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Apparently Healthy

ABSTRACT The prevalence of infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV), HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV was evaluated in 249 apparently healthy individuals, including 122 inhabitants in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, and 127 age- and sex-matched members of nomadic tribes who lived around the capital city. Overall, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 24 subjects (10%), of whom 22 (92%) had detectable HBV DNA. Surprisingly, HDV RNA was detectable in 20 (83%) of the 24 HBsAg-positive subjects. HCV-associated antibodies were detected in 41 (16%) and HCV RNA was detected in 36 (14%) subjects, none of whom was coinfected with HBV, indicating that HBV/HCV carriers account for one-fourth of this population. Antibodies to HAV and HEV were detected in 249 (100%) and 28 (11%) subjects, respectively. Of 22 HBV DNA-positive subjects, genotype D was detected in 21 subjects and genotype F was detected in 1 subject. All 20 HDV isolates recovered from HDV RNA-positive subjects segregated into genotype I, but these differed by 2.1 to 11.4% from each other in the 522- to 526-nucleotide sequence. Of 36 HCV RNA-positive samples, 35 (97%) were genotype 1b and 1 was genotype 2a. Reflecting an extremely high prevalence of hepatitis virus infections, there were no appreciable differences in the prevalence of hepatitis virus markers between the two studied populations with distinct living place and lifestyle. A nationwide epidemiological survey of hepatitis viruses should be conducted in an effort to prevent de novo infection with hepatitis viruses in Mongolia.

scholarly journals Hubungan Usia Ibu Dan Paritas Dengan Kejadian Abortus Di RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin

2019 ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Susanti Suhartati ◽  
Laurensia Yunita ◽  
Putri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Abortion Incidence ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

Latar belakang: Salah satu penyebab kematian ibu adalah perdarahan, dimana salah satu penyebab perdarahan pada awal kehamilan adalah abortus. Abortus adalah berakhirnya suatu kehamilan sebelum janin mencapai berat 500 gram atau umur kehamilan kurang dari 22 minggu atau hasil konsepsi belum mampu untuk hidup di luar kandungan.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan usia ibu dan paritas dengan kejadian abortus di RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan survey analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang mengalami abortus dan ibu hamil yang bersalin normal dengan mengambil sampel kasus dan sampel control  menggunakan perbandingan 1:1 dan total sampel kasus dan kontrol yang digunakan adalah 314 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square.Hasil: Hasil penelitian di RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin menunjukkan, hubungan usia dengan kejadian abortus p value=0,042 dan OR=1,631 dan paritas dengan kejadian abortus p value=0,008 dan OR=1,975Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara usia dengan kejadian abortus, usia beresiko memiliki resiko 1,6 kali lebih tinggi mengalami kejadian abortus. Ada hubungan antara paritas dengan kejadian abortus, paritas beresiko memiliki resiko 1,9 kali lebih tinggi mengalami kejadian abortus. Kata kunci: Abortus, Paritas, Usia Ibu ABSTRACTBackground: One of the causes of maternal death is bleeding, where one of the causes of bleeding in early pregnancy is abortion. Abortion is the end of a pregnancy before the fetus reaches a weight of 500 grams or gestational age of fewer than 22 weeks or the conception has not been able to live out of the womb.Objective: Knowing the relationship between maternal age factor, abortion history, and parity with abortion incidence in RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin.Method: his research uses analytical survey with a case-control approach. The population in this study were all mothers who had an abortion by taking samples of case and control samples using a ratio of 1: 1 and the total sample and control samples used were 314 people. Total sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test.Results: Results of research in RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin shows, the age relationship with the incidence of abortion p value=0,042 and OR=1,631, and parity with abortus p value=0,008 and OR=1,975Summary: There was a correlation between age and abortion, age was at risk 1.6 times higher experienced abortion. There was a relationship between abortion history and abortion, There was a relationship between parity and the incidence of abortion, parity at risk of 1.9 times higher risk of abortion. Keywords: Abortion, Mother Age, Parity  

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSUMSI AIR REBUSAN DAUN KATUK TERHADAP PENGELUARAN PRODUKSI ASI PADA IBU NIFAS DI BIDAN PRAKTEK MANDIRI MANURUNG MEDAN TAHUN 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Tetti Seriati Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Postpartum Mothers ◽  
And Control

United Nation Children’s Fund (UNICEF) menyatakan sebanyak 30.000 kematian bayi di Indonesia dan 10 juta kematian anak balita di dunia tiap tahunnya dapat dicegah dengan pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) secara eksklusif selama enam bulan pertama kehidupan bayi. Beberapa masalah yang sering timbul pada masa menyusui adalah sindrom ASI kurang. Produksi dan pengeluaran ASI dipengaruhi oleh 2 hormon yaitu prolaktin (mempengaruhi jumlah produksi ASI) dan oksitosin (mempengarui proses pengeluaran ASI). Prolaktin berkaitan dengan nutrisi ibu, semakin baik nutrisinya baik, ASI yang diproduksi juga banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi air rebusan daun katuk terhadap pengeluaran produksi ASI pada ibu nifas DI bpm Manurung Medan dengan metode quasi eksperiment dan desain kohort. Kelompok sampel intervensi (mengkonsumsi rebusan daun katuk) dan kelompok sampel kontrol masing-masing berjumlah 16 responden. Uji statistik yang diguankan adalah man whytney test. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan p (sig) adalah 0,009 < 0,05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh konsumsi rebusan daun katuk terhadap peningkatan produksi ASI pada ibu nifas. Diharapkan kepada ibu nifas, tenaga kesehatan dan masyarakat lebih maksimal mensosialisasikan dan memanfaatkan daun katuk sebagai solusi untuk meningkatkan produksi ASI pada ibu nifas untuk pencapaian ASI eksklusif demi generasi dengan sumber daya manusia yang lebih berkualitas.    The United Nation's Fund (UNICEF) states that as many as 30,000 infant deaths in Indonesia and 10 million deaths of children under five in the world each year can be prevented by providing breast milk exclusively for the first six months of a baby's life. Some problems that often arise during breastfeeding are less ASI syndrome. Breast milk production and expenditure is influenced by two hormones, namely prolactin (affects the amount of ASI production) and oxytocin (affects the process of breastfeeding). Prolactin is related to maternal nutrition, the better the nutrients are good, the more milk produced. This study aimed to determine the effect of consumption of katuk leaf boiled water on the expenditure of breast milk production in postpartum mothers IN Manurung Medan bpm with the quasi experiment method and cohort design. The intervention sample group (consuming katuk leaf decoction) and control sample groups were 16 respondents respectively. The statistical test used is man why test. The statistical test results obtained p (sig) is 0.009 <0.05, it can be concluded that there is an influence of katuk leaf decoction consumption on increased milk production in postpartum mothers. It is expected that postpartum mothers, health workers and the community will be more maximal socializing and utilizing katuk leaves as a solution to increase breastmilk production in postpartum mothers to achieve exclusive breastfeeding for generations with better quality human resources.

scholarly journals Serosurvey of hepatitis A virus and E virus infection among municipal sweepers working in the largest city in the south of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Sarvari ◽  
Seyed Younes Hosseini ◽  
Negar Joharinia ◽  
Seyed Ali Hosseini ◽  
Saeed Firoozi Ghahestani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Given the importance of Hepatitis A (HAV) and Hepatitis E (HEV) infection in careers like street sweeping, this study was conducted to determine the exposure rate in urban solid waste collectors/sweepers in the south of Iran. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, the sera samples of 385 waste collectors/sweepers from all districts of Shiraz, southern Iran, were collected. A questionnaire was used to gather data on their demographic and occupational characteristics, as well as their awareness of viral hepatitis disease. The rate of HAV and HEV sero-prevalence was determined by commercial ELISA kits. Results All partisans were male with a mean age of 41 ± 8 years. ELISA assay showed that all of participants were positive for anti-HAV Ab. Moreover, 62out of 385 (16.1%) subjects were positive for anti-HEV IgG Ab. Also, statistical analysis showed that the frequency of IgG Ab against HEV among the age group of 20–30, 31–40, 41–50 and over 50 years old was 4.5%, 10.1%, 17.4%, and 36.7% that was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Based on the work experience, current and previous jobs, residency, personal hygiene and knowledge status of hepatitis disease and transmission, the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between anti-HEV positive and negative sweepers (p˃0.05). Conclusion Our results indicated that the frequency of anti-HAV and HEV IgG among sweepers is slightly higher than the normal population; it does not seem that garbage collecting/sweeping career could be a significant risk factor for HAV and HEV infection.

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