Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Antibiotik dengan Sikap dan Tindakan Penggunaan Antibiotik Tanpa Resep pada Mahasiswa/i Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan

Introduction: Antibiotics are drugs that are used to prevent and treat infections caused by bacteria. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can cause various problems, such as bacterial resistance to antibiotics. One of the causes of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is the irrational in non prescription use of antibiotics. Aims: to determine the association of knowledge level about antibiotics with attitude and action level in non prescription use of antibiotics in Universitas HKBP Nommensen students. Method: There was 210 active students of Universitas HKBP Nommensen were included as respondents in this cross sectional study. The level of knowledge, attitudes and actions of respondents were measured using a questionnaire. Chi Square test was used to analyzed the association of knowledge with attitude and action of respondents. Result: There was no significant association of knowledge level about antibiotics with attitude and action level in non prescription use of antibiotics in Universitas HKBP Nommensen students (p > 0,005). Conclusion: Knowledge is not a dominant factor influencing both attitude and action in non prescription use of antibiotics.

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HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA TERHADAP PERILAKU MEROKOK

JURNAL KEPERAWATAN MUHAMMADIYAH BENGKULU ◽

10.36085/jkmb.v9i2.1992 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 32-37

Author(s):

Laeli Farkhah

Keyword(s):

Smoking Behavior ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Survey Method ◽

P Value ◽

Developmental Phase ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Self Discovery

Adolescence is a developmental phase that has a significant level of change (physical, psychological, and social) and is a phase of self-discovery (Feldman, 2003). The age of children and adolescents is the next generation of the nation that must be prepared to continue the struggle of the generation that is currently leading. However, it is estimated that 43 million Indonesian children aged 0-14 years are regularly exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in their own homes (Depkes RI, 2004). Parents who smoke in the house are certainly not only a risk factor for various diseases but also an example to be imitated by their children, especially for children who are entering the teenage phase. with adolescent smoking behavior. This study uses an analytical survey method with a cross-sectional study design with a sample of 20 teenagers. The results showed that as many as 58.3% of adolescents aged 17-21 years smoked and this was the highest percentage. Based on the chi-square test, there were 2 variables that were significantly related to smoking behavior in adolescents, namely the level of knowledge and attitudes of adolescents, which obtained a P-value of 0.005 (P-value ). Keywords: Cigarettes, Adolescents, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors

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Factors Associated with Basic Immunization Status of Infants

SEAJOM: The Southeast Asia Journal of Midwifery ◽

10.36749/seajom.v4i1.26 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 32-39

Author(s):

Dewi Novitasari Suhaid ◽

Fransisca Faranita

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Education Level ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Primary Immunization ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Immunization Status ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Immunization is an attempt to actively boost a person's immunity against a disease, so that if one day exposed to the disease will not get sick or just experience mild illness. Immunization is routinely divided into primary immunization and continued immunization. Basic immunization is given to infants aged 0 to 1 year, where as advanced immunization is a repeat immunization intended to maintain immunity level or to prolong the period of protection. Further immunization is given when primary immunization is given first, and is given at the age of toddlers and at school age. This research is cross-sectional study. The dependent variable in this study is the basic immunization status of infants, while the independent variables include age, education level, occupation, knowledge and attitude. The sample of this research is mothers with children aged 12-24 months totaling 250 respondents. Instrument of data collection using questionnaire and health record of baby. The data transformation uses the data normality test and Rasch model. Data analysis technique using Chi Square test and logistic regression test. The result of data analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between occupation (p <0,05, PR = 1,864; 95% CI = 1,121-3,097), education level (p <0,05; PR = 3,438; 95% CI = 1,671- 7,074), knowledge (p <0,05, PR = 2,653; 95% CI 1,580-4,455) and attitude (p <0,05, PR = 3,202; 95% CI = 1,897-5,405) with infant immunization status. Age has no significant relationship with the basic immunization status of infants. Conclusions coverage of basic infant immunization completeness in this area is still low that is equal to 42,4%. Attitude is the most dominant factor associated with the basic immunization status of infants.

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Public Perception of Electric Cigarettes Based Health Knowledge Level in Palembang

Community Medicine and Education Journal ◽

10.37275/cmej.v1i2.105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 60-69

Author(s):

Siti Farahhiyah Dwi Mubarani

Keyword(s):

Public Perception ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

The Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) method is a medium for giving nicotine needed by smokers without burning tobacco. An electric cigarette is one from many NRTs that uses electricity from battery power to deliver nicotine in the form of vapor. But it is not recommended by the WHO or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) because it has many negative effects. According to Green, there are 3 behavioral factors which are predisposition, support and drive. According to Notoatmodjo, lack of knowledge can form a false perception of electric cigarettes. According to Hude, perception is the giving of meaning to the stimulus received by sensory systems. The purpose of this research is to know the relation of demographic characteristic and to identify health knowledge to know public perception about the existence of electric cigarette in Palembang City. This research is a quantitative analytical research with cross sectional study design conducted in Palembang city using questionnaire in February 2018. The sample of this research is male active smoker with age> 15 years in Palembang city taken by purposive sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzed by univariate analysis, chi square test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis using IBM SPSS statistic version 22. The study obtained 162 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The result of statistical test in this research is 51.2% positive perception toward electric cigarette based on health knowledge level in Palembang city (p = 0,000). There is no significant relationship between demographic characteristics and public perception of electric cigarette (p> 0,005). Predisposing factors concerning knowledge of electric cigarette usage can cause addiction problem is the most dominant factor in shaping people's perception on electric cigarette (p = 0,008).

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Pregnancy, oral health and dental education: an overview on the northeast of Italy

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2020-0032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

pp. 829-835

Author(s):

Fulvia Costantinides ◽

Erica Vettori ◽

Martina Conte ◽

Ingrid Tonni ◽

Vanessa Nicolin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Oral Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Full Sample ◽

Anova Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Baseline Demographic

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the level of knowledge of pregnant women and puerpers about oral health and prevention during and after gestation.MethodsOne hundred women aged 18–49 years (mean age 33±6 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. An anonymous questionnaire with 24 items related to oral health has been administered during or just after pregnancy. Firstly, answers have been analyzed on the full population and then subdividing the sample on the base of age ranges (G1: 18–25 years, G2: 26–35 years and G3: >35 years) and number of pregnancies (FP: first pregnancy; SP: second or more pregnancies). Parametric tests have been chosen for the statistical analysis; in particular, Anova test for independent samples was used to evaluate differences of baseline demographic characteristics among subgroups G1, G2, G3 while chi-square test was used for FP and SP subgroups. Anova test was also used to intercept differences on answers given to the questionnaire among G1, G2 and G3 group; for FP and SP group was used t-test.ResultsLevel of information and knowledge of the full sample was medium-low and no significant differences have been observed between groups regarding awareness of the own level of the oral hygiene and knowledge of oral care.ConclusionsResults of this survey underline the high necessity of educational programs regarding oral care in pregnant and puerpers women. A strict collaboration between medical figures (dentist, oral hygienist, gynecologist and obstetric) is strongly encouraged to spread the concept of prevention.

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FAKTOR DETERMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI ALTERNATIVE PEMILIHAN PERSALINAN DUKUN BERANAK DI KECAMATAN LIMBORO KABUPATEN POLEWALI MANDAR

10.31227/osf.io/efgdv ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

ahid jahidin

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Social Value ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Social Culture ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Alternative Delivery ◽

Selection Of

Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan ibu, nilai social budaya, dan jarak denganpelayanan kesehatan terhadap alternative pemilihan persalinan.Desain yang digunakan adalah crossectionalstudy (studi potong lintang), dengan mewawancarai 60 ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-3 bulan di KecamatanLimboro Kabupaten Polewali Mandar sebagi responden. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara listing denganmemilih ibu melahirkan yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Data analisis dengan menggunakan uji chi-squareyang dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi logistic.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan ibu (p= 0,791 danOR=1,152 ) tidak berpengaruh terhadap alternative pemilihan penolong persalinan. Faktor Nilai social budaya(p=0,037 dan OR=3,763) yang merupakan faktor dominan terhadap alternative pemilihan penolong persalinansedangkan faktor jarak pelayanan kesehatan (p=0,001 dan OR=6,909) yang berarti ada pengaruh antara jarakpelayanan kesehatan dengan pemilihan penolong persalinan. Dari ketiga variable, nilai social budaya adalahfaktor dominan yang mempengaruhi alternative pemilihan penolong persalinan.This study aims to determine the effect of mother's knowledge, the social culture, and distance to health servicedelivery to the alternative selection.The design used was crossectional study (cross-sectional study), byinterviewing 60 mothers of infants aged 0-3 months in the District Limboro Polewali Mandar as a respondent.Sampling was carried out in the listing by selecting the birth mother who met the study criteria. Data analysisusing chi-square test followed by logistic regression test.The results showed that knowledge of mothers (p =0.791 and OR = 1.152) had no effect on the selection of alternative delivery helper. Social value of culturalfactors (p = 0.037 and OR = 3.763) which is the dominant factor for the selection of alternative delivery helperhealth services while the distance factor (p = 0.001 and OR = 6.909) which means there is the influence ofdistance health care helpers with the selection of labor. Of the three variables, the social value of culture is thedominant factor influencing the selection of alternative delivery helper.

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A study on knowledge regarding first aid among undergraduate medical students

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172858 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 2555

Author(s):

Chaitali A. Gore ◽

Sruthi Sankar ◽

Shabnam Sheriff ◽

Swetha Anand ◽

Smrithika L. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Life Support ◽

First Aid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Background: Life is characterized by precarious twists and turns and risky conditions that emerge all the time. First aid is the immediate action taken to save a life and reduce the effects of injury and illness until medical help is obtained. This study aims at assessing the knowledge regarding first aid among undergraduate medical students and comparing the knowledge among different terms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 150 undergraduate medical students of Vydehi Medical College, Bangalore. A questionnaire with 15 questions regarding the awareness and skills involved in first aid were used to assess the levels of awareness among undergraduate medical students. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel Sheet. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Data was analysed using percentages and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 150 medical students filled the questionnaire, 50 each from 5th (2nd year), 7th (3rd year) and 9th terms (4th year). The overall scores were, 43 out of 150 students had excellent knowledge, 71 out of 150 needed improvement, 35 out of 150 had adequate knowledge and only 1 out of 150 had poor knowledge about First-Aid. The association between terms and level of knowledge was found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: First Aid knowledge among medical students needs improvement. Level of knowledge improved with increasing term but this was not sufficient and more training should be given to all medical students on first aid and basic life support.

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HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU MELAHIRKAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN MP-ASI DI BAGIAN OBSTETRI DAN GINEKOLOGI BLU RSU PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.1.1.2013.4616 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yoslianto Sarampang ◽

Freddy W. Wagey ◽

Maria F. Loho

Keyword(s):

Complementary Feeding ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Test Results ◽

Nutritional Content ◽

Chi Square ◽

Formula Milk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Extra Food ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Abstract: Most mothers now breastfeed less than 6 months and more gave extra food at that age but when viewed in terms of nutritional content of breast milk is superior to the other foods that have a lot of risks that can be caused to the health of the baby. Method: This research used a descriptive analytic cross-sectional study (cross-sectional) located in the obstetrics and gynecology section childbirth Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital Malalayang Manado in November 2012. Result: Based on the statistical test using the chi square test (p <0.05) in this study was p = 0.031 (p <0.05). Thus it is said that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers giving birth to the complementary feeding. Conclusion: In terms of education are mostly good (high school) we can say that there is no relationship with the mother despite knowledge of the test results obtained statistically significant value. It can be seen from the findings that most mothers who have given birth (72%) turned out to have given formula milk shortly after birth. Keywords: Knowledge, Childbirth, Complementary Feeding. Abstrak: Kebanyakan ibu sekarang memberikan ASI tidak sampai 6 bulan dan lebih memberikan makanan tambahan pada usia tersebut padahal bila dilihat dari segi kandungan nutrisi ASI lebih unggul dari makanan pendamping yang lain sehingga memiliki banyak resiko yang bisa di timbulkan terhadap kesehatan bayi. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan studi potong lintang (cross sectional) yang berlokasi di ruang nifas bagian obstetri dan ginekologi RSU Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Malalayang Manado bulan November 2012. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji chi square (p<0,05) pada penelitian ini adalah p = 0,031(p<0,05). Dengan demikian dikatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu melahirkan dengan pemberian MP-ASI. Simpulan: Dilihat dari segi pendidikan yang kebanyakan adalah baik (SLTA) dapat dikatakan bahwa tidak ada hubungan dengan pengetahuan ibu meskipun dari hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai yang bermakna. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari hasil penelitian bahwa kebanyakan ibu yang telah melahirkan (72%) ternyata telah memberikan susu formula sesaat setelah lahir. Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, Melahirkan, MP-ASI (Makanan Pendamping ASI).

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A Study on Assessment of Knowledge on Self-medication Among the Students A Crossectional Study

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research ◽

10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v70i01.026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Geeta Rawat

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Self Medication ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

The People ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Knowledge Levels ◽

Rational Practice

Self-medication is very frequent and common among the people. Several side effects have been reported to be associated with inappropriate use of self-medication like risk of drug dependence, abuse, major drug interactions and adverse effects. The aim of this study is designed to assess knowledge on self-medication among students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in students of various department located in Ghaziabad, UP, India. A total of 200 students were enrolled and interviewed using prevalidated questionnaire on self-medication. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were used to represent the sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge levels. Association of various socio-demographic variables with Knowledge levels are determined using the Chi-square test. A total of 200 students are recruited in these 53(26.5%) diploma in pharmacy, 128 (64%) bachelor’s in pharmacy, 19 (9.7%) master’s in pharmacy. Among 200 respondents, 90 (45.2%) good knowledge on self-medication. Subject’s age, residential status, and occupation of their parents were significantly associated with knowledge and rational practice on self-medication with a P < 0.05.CONCLUSION: The study concludes there is lack of knowledge on responsible side effect of self-medication.

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Knowledge and practice on menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of selected slums in Kathmandu valley

Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jpahs.v5i2.24031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 114-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sabanam Karki ◽

Ajay Kumar Rajbhandari ◽

Maginsh Dahal ◽

Prakash Shahi ◽

Sushama Sharma

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menstrual Hygiene ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Income Sources ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Introductions: Hygiene related practices during menstruationare of considerable importance. This study assesses the existing level of knowledge on menstrual hygiene, and its compliance, among adolescent girls of selected slum areas in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study design was applied and slums in Kathmandu district were selected conveniently as research site. Primary data were collected through interview by using structured questionnaire. The association between knowledge and practices were identified through chi square test. Results: There were282 respondents for study. Less than half 121 (42.9%) had adequate knowledge related to menstruation and its hygiene. Two-third 185(65.6%) of the participants used sanitary pads, 183 (98.9%), washed hands after pad change, 271 (96.1%) cleaned perineal area during menstruation, 227(80.5%) were aware about the myth and 61.9% followed social norms and restriction related with menstruation. Age of the participant, their education level and the income sources were found statistically significant with their level of knowledge on menstruation. Conclusions: More than half of adolescent girls of slums in Kathmandu district had inadequate knowledge regarding menstruation and two-third practiced menstrual hygiene.

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Hubungan perilaku Keluarga Sadar Gizi (KADARZI) dan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat (PHBS) pada tatanan rumah tangga dengan status gizi balita usia 24-59 bulan

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.5.2.88-97 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 88-97

Author(s):

Hartono Hartono ◽

Bagoes Widjanarko ◽

Mexitalia Setiawati EM

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Family ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: The prevalence of malnutrition among toddler in Kotabaru district was still high at 20,86 %. The family implemented Kadarzi was 56,24 % while the family who implemented PHBS was 42,48 %, this prevalence was still low. Objective: The purpose was analyzed the relationship between Kadarzi and PHBS behavior of households with nutritional status of toddler of 24-59 months. Methods: The design was cross sectional study conducted in Puskesmas Dirgahayu. Subjects were children aged 24-59 months who lived in Puskesmas Dirgahayu area, who coverese with inclusion and exclusion criteria twose, subjects are 90 respondens. Sampling technical by simple random sampling. Analysis tests used chi square test and logistic regression with 95% confidence level. Questionnaire was used as tools research, energy and protein intake was measured by recall method.Results: The results showed 27,8 % children was categorized as malnutrition status, 72,2 % family implemented Kadarzi and 70,0 % Kadarzi behave uncategorised healthy home. Analysis of the data showed no significant relationship between Kadarzi behavior with nutritional status (p=0,000, OR=31,13). There was a significant relationship between clean and healthy behavior with nutritional status (p=0,000, OR=22,56). Analysis of multiple logistic regression test obtained dominant factor associated with nutritional status is Kadarzi behavior (p=0,000, OR=0,08). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between Kadarzi and PHBS behavior of households with nutritional status of toddler 24-59 months.

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