scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles as Natural Delivery Carriers Regulate Oxidative Stress Under Pathological Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongzhao Qi ◽  
Yingruo Wang ◽  
Shunxin Fa ◽  
Changqing Yuan ◽  
Lijun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Short Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
The One ◽  
All Diseases

Extracellular vesicles are cellular secretory particles that can be used as natural drug delivery carriers. They have successfully delivered drugs including chemotherapeutics, proteins, and genes to treat various diseases. Oxidative stress is an abnormal physiological phenomenon, and it is associated with nearly all diseases. In this short review, we summarize the regulation of EVs on oxidative stress. There are direct effects and indirect effects on the regulation of oxidative stress through EVs. On the one hand, they can deliver antioxidant substances or oxides to recipient cells, directly relieving or aggravating oxidative stress. On the other hand, regulate factors of oxidative stress-related signaling pathways can be delivered to recipient cells by the mediation of EVs, realizing the indirect regulation of oxidative stress. To the best of our knowledge, however, only endogenous drugs have been delivered by EVs to regulate oxidative stress till now. And the heterogeneity of EVs may complicate the regulation of oxidative stress. Therefore, this short review aims to draw more attention to the EVs-based regulation of oxidative stress, and we hope excellent EVs-based delivery carriers that can deliver exogenous drugs to regulate oxidative stress can be exploited.

scholarly journals Does the Interdependence between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Explain the Antioxidant Paradox?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress has been implicated in many chronic diseases. However, antioxidant trials are so far largely unsuccessful as a preventive or curative measure. Chronic low-grade inflammatory process, on the other hand, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely related pathophysiological processes, one of which can be easily induced by another. Thus, both processes are simultaneously found in many pathological conditions. Therefore, the failure of antioxidant trials might result from failure to select appropriate agents that specifically target both inflammation and oxidative stress or failure to use both antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents simultaneously or use of nonselective agents that block some of the oxidative and/or inflammatory pathways but exaggerate the others. To examine whether the interdependence between oxidative stress and inflammation can explain the antioxidant paradox we discussed in the present review the basic aspects of oxidative stress and inflammation and their relationship and dependence.

scholarly journals New Techniques in Diagnosis of Eye Muscle Palsies: A Review

1980 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Huber
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Saccadic Velocity ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Important Indication ◽  
Degree Of Recovery

New techniques of diagnosis of eye muscle palsies are discussed. Electromyography facilitates differentiation between myopathies, myasthenias, neurogenic palsies and supranuclear motility disorders; this differentiation is based on the different aspects of electromyograms according to the different levels of affection. An important aid in diagnosis of eye muscle palsies, especially for the observation of the course of eye muscle palsies is oculography: here the determination of different parameters of eye movements under normal and pathological conditions is of utmost importance. These parameters are saccadic velocity on the one hand and acceleration on the other. Oculographic measurement of the saccadic movements gives a valuable indication of the severity of an eye muscle palsy and, when repeated, provides an important indication of the degree of recovery. A combination of electromyography and oculography permits the innervational pattern or eye muscles to be correlated with certain types of movements under normal and pathological conditions (Figure 9).

The Social Glue in Open Source

2011 ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Matthias Bärwolff
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
End Users ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Informal Contracts ◽  
The One ◽  
Open Source Development

Open source has, of late been discussed as a most significant institutional disruption to the way software and, indeed, digital content, in general, evolves and dissipates through society. Credits and their due redemption play a vital yet often underrated role in the development and dissemination of open source. While credits in open source development are often of a rather elusive and informal nature (goodwill, reputation, indirect effects), formal credits have their inevitable role, too. On the one hand, less formal kinds of credits than money and the like often provide for a relatively efficient and viable way of accounting for credits in the development of large and complex software and technology projects. On the other hand, at the intersection of developer communities with end users, there is a distinct need for formal money-based interactions, because informal contracts and credit redemption do work well in communities, but less so in anonymous market contexts.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Dog with Heart Failure: The Role of Dietary Fatty Acids and Antioxidants

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Sagols ◽  
Nathalie Priymenko
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One

In dogs with heart failure, cell oxygenation and cellular metabolism do not work properly, leading to the production of a large amount of free radicals. In the organism, these free radicals are responsible of major cellular damages: this is oxidative stress. However, a suitable food intake plays an important role in limiting this phenomenon: on the one hand, the presence of essential fatty acids in the composition of membranes decreases sensitivity of cells to free radicals and constitutes a first protection against the oxidative stress; on the other hand, coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, and polyphenols are antioxidant molecules which can help cells to neutralize these free radicals.

scholarly journals Hidrox® Counteracts Cyclophosphamide-Induced Male Infertility through NRF2 Pathways in a Mouse Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Roberta Fusco ◽  
Angela Trovato Salinaro ◽  
Rosalba Siracusa ◽  
Ramona D’Amico ◽  
Daniela Impellizzeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Background: Every year, men use cyclophosphamide to treat various cancers and autoimmune diseases. On the one hand, this chemotherapy often has the beneficial effect of regressing the tumor, but on the other hand, it leads to infertility due to excessive oxidative stress and apoptosis in the testes caused by its metabolite, acrolein. Methods: The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial power of a new compound called Hidrox®, containing 40–50% hydroxytyrosol, in counteracting the damage related to fertility induced by cyclophosphamide. The study was conducted using a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w, in distilled water at 10 mL/kg b.w. The treatment was administered via the oral administration of Hidrox® at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Results: Our study confirms that the use of cyclophosphamide causes a series of sperm and histological alterations strongly connected with oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate for the first time that Hidrox® protects testes from CYP-induced alterations by the modulation of physiological antioxidant defenses.

scholarly journals Predicting the fitness costs of complex mutations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Yubero ◽  
Juan F. Poyatos
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Molecular Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
The One

ABSTRACTThe fitness cost of complex pleiotropic mutations is generally difficult to assess. On the one hand, it is necessary to identify which molecular properties are directly altered by the mutation. On the other, this alteration modifies the activity of many genetic targets with uncertain consequences. Here, we examine the possibility of addressing these challenges by identifying unique predictors of these costs. To this aim, we consider mutations in the RNA polymerase (RNAP) inEscherichia colias a model of complex mutations. Changes in RNAP modify the global program of transcriptional regulation, with many consequences. Among others is the difficulty to decouple the direct effect of the mutation from the response of the whole system to such mutation. A problem that we solve quantitatively with data of a set of constitutive genes, which better read the global program. We provide a statistical framework that incorporates the direct effects and other molecular variables linked to this program as predictors, which leads to the identification that some genes are more suitable predictors than others. Therefore, we not only identified which molecular properties best anticipate costs in fitness, but we also present the paradoxical result that, despite pleiotropy, specific genes serve as better predictors. These results have connotations for the understanding of the architecture of robustness in biological systems.

scholarly journals Lipid metabolic changes in rat brain during permanent cerebral ischemia

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
AI Kostyuk ◽  
DA Kotova ◽  
AD Demidovich ◽  
AS Panova ◽  
IV Kelmanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Pool Level ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
The One

With each year, millions of people remain targeted by brain stroke, it still is by all means a global concern of the mankind. Despite all efforts to understand this disease better, there is still a lack of information on pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Scrutinized data on biochemical changes at early stages of ischemia may help understand the mechanisms of the disorder and possibly reveal ways to finding the cure. The key role in the pathogenesis of stroke belongs to lipids as well as to the molecules associated with their biosynthesis and functionality. On the one hand, stroke evokes a deep oxidative stress leading to damage to biomolecules including lipids while on the other hand, due to the lack of reducing equivalents, the cellular biosynthesis processes are interrupted. The focus of this work was to study the changes taking place in the tissues of rat brain as a result of ischemia including estimation of levels of total cholesterol, FFA, MDA, GSH, and NADP(H). It was shown that in 24 hours from the onset of ischemia, there was a significant decrease in levels of FFA, total cholesterol and GSH, and an increase in the level of MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation. NADP(H) pool level decreases twice in 6 hours from MCAO.

scholarly journals Care for the Sick in Early Christianity: Lessons for the Current COVID-19 Stricken Church

Vox Patrum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 65-88
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Mutie
Keyword(s):  
Early Christianity ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One ◽  
Miraculous Healing ◽  
Spiritual Phenomena ◽  
All Diseases

Debates on whether early Christians relied solely on exorcism and other miraculous healing under the assumption that all diseases are a result of demonic activity, continue. On the one end of this scholarly continuum are those who hold that early Christians only approached disease and healing as purely spiritual phenomena (hence, focusing on exorcism and other kinds of miraculous healing), while, on the other end, others have argued that early Christians accepted a naturalistic view of the causes for diseases and, consequently, sought naturalistic solutions to diseases. However, like in many other areas of life and thought in early Christianity, there is truth in both of these contentions. Rather than choose sides in this debate, this paper will argue that, just like in other areas, early Christians chose and modified existing approaches to sickness and death based on their understanding of the scriptural teachings on these subjects. As such, their approaches provide some key lessons to the current Covid-19 stricken Church.

Lifestyle, Conflict-Solving Styles, and Exposure to Workplace Bullying

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milda Perminiene ◽  
Roy M. Kern ◽  
Aidas Perminas
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Social Interest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Taking Charge ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The present study identified direct and indirect relationships between lifestyle attributes and exposure to workplace bullying (via the conflict-solving styles of problem solving, compromising, yielding, and forcing). Our results demonstrated that being cautious, going along, and taking charge were positively directly related to exposure to workplace bullying. In addition, higher belonging/social interest was related to less exposure to bullying via more frequent use of problem solving and less frequent use of forcing. Higher being cautious was related to greater exposure to bullying via less frequent use of problem solving. Higher going along was related to greater bullying via more frequent use of forcing. On the one hand, higher taking charge and wanting recognition were related to greater exposure to bullying via more frequent use of forcing. On the other hand, they were also related to less bullying via more frequent use of problem solving. The results prompt the inclusion of situational moderators that would help us to identify when conflict-solving styles are used. The conflict-solving styles of compromising and yielding did not explain the indirect effects, so the findings highlighted the two key conflict-solving dimensions of problem solving and forcing which partially explained the mechanisms that underlie the relationship between lifestyle attributes and workplace bullying.

scholarly journals From Tumor Metastasis towards Cerebral Ischemia—Extracellular Vesicles as a General Concept of Intercellular Communication Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Zheng ◽  
Mathias Bähr ◽  
Thorsten R. Doeppner
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Short Review ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Reported Data

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been tremendous carriers in both experimental and translational science. These vesicles—formerly regarded as artifacts of in vitro research—have a heterogeneous population of vesicles derived from virtually all eukaryotic cells. EVs consist of a bilayer lipid structure with a diameter of about 30 to 1000 nm and have a characteristic protein and non-coding RNA content that make up different forms of EVs such as exosomes, microvesicles, and others. Despite recent progress in the EV field, which is known to serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic tools under various pathological conditions, fundamental questions are yet to be answered. This short review focuses on recently reported data regarding EVs under pathological conditions with a particular emphasis on the role of EVs under such different conditions like tumor formation and cerebral ischemia. The review strives to point out general concepts of EV intercellular communication processes that might be vital to both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the long run.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document