scholarly journals Effect of Health Literacy on Decision Delay in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-ya Fan ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Ruo-yun Yin ◽  
Lei Tang ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Decision Delay ◽  
Myocardial Infraction ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Delayed Group ◽  
Essential Contribution

Background: Health literacy (HL) is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease, and shorter pre-hospital delay time is crucial for successful treatment of acute myocardial infraction (AMI) patients. Most previous studies focused on the influencing factors of pre-hospital delay but ignore the essential contribution of decision delay.Aims: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of HL on decision delay.Methods: Continuously included AMI patients admitted to a grade A class three hospital in Chongqing. HL level was assessed using Brief Health Literacy Screen and categorized as adequate or inadequate. Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the differences between groups, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between HL and decision delay.Results: A total of 217 AMI patients were enrolled in this study, including 166 males (76.5%) and 51 females (23.5%), with the median age was 68 years old; 135 (62.2%) patients had delayed decision-making while 82 (37.8%) did not; 157 (72.7%) patients had inadequate HL and 59 (27.3%) had adequate HL. The total HL score of non-delayed group was higher than that in delayed group (9.22 vs. 7.02, P < 0.000).Conclusion: After adjusting for covariates, HL was significantly negatively associated with decision time. AMI patients with inadequate HL were more likely to delay seeking timely medical care.

scholarly journals Factors associated with sarcopenia in subjects aged 80 years and over

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro ◽  
Igor Conterato Gomes ◽  
Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete ◽  
Ismael Forte Freitas Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether sarcopenia is associated with sociodemographic factors and chronic noncommunicable diseases in adults aged 80 years and older. METHODS: The sample consisted of 120 adults aged 80 to 95 years (83.4±2.9 years) from the city of Presidente Prudente (São Paulo, Brazil), of which 76 were females (83.4±3.0 years) and 44 were males (83.4±2.6 years). The study sociodemographic and epidemiological factors were: age stratum, gender, marital status, education level, chronic noncommunicable diseases, ethnicity, and nutritional status. Body composition was determined by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and sarcopenia was identified by the appendicular lean mass ratio (upper limb lean mass + lower limb lean mass [kg]/height [m]2). The Chi-square test analyzed whether sarcopenia was associated with sociodemographic and epidemiological factors and binary logistic regression expressed the magnitude of the associations. The data were treated by the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (17.0) at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The factors associated with sarcopenia were gender, age, nutritional status, and osteopenia/osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: The factors gender, age, nutritional status, and osteopenia/osteoporosis are independently associated with sarcopenia in adults aged 80 years and older.

scholarly journals Appraisal of Issues Influencing Soil-Steps Application for Sustainable Farmland Management in High-Potential District, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Mehretie Belay
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Study Data ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Soil damage by moving water is a somber predicament on farmlands in highland Ethiopia. Sizeable number of trial in farmland preservation has been executed to handle the crisis during the last tens of years. However, the attempts have not been vibrant to trim-down the danger to an attractive extent. This paper evaluates factors contributing to application of soil-steps (bunds) as sustainable farmland management technology (SFLMT) by smallholder farmers in one of the high-potential districts of northwest Ethiopia named Dangila Woreda (District). Mixed method triangulation designs involving concurrent acquisition and interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data were used in the study. Data were acquired from randomly chosen 201 farming households during the harvest seasons of 2011 and 2012. Ordered questionnaire, participatory field observation, key informant interview and focus group discussion were mechanisms employed during the data acquisition. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations and percentiles), Chi-square test, t-test and the binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative information was textually narrated to augment the quantitative results. Findings of the investigation confirm that age of the household head, the number of household members, slope of the farmland, the size of the farmland held, households’ participation in indigenous labour-sharing activities and the number of farm tools owned were significantly increasing the building of soil-steps as SFLMT in the study district. Involvement in off-farm activities and pest invasions were considerably hindering farmers from building soil-steps on their farmlands. The results in general indicated that households’ access to livelihood assets are key promoters for farmers’ implementation of soil-steps on their farmlands. Local resource preservation and improvement trials should thus ponder on convalescing farmers’ material endowments to improve their capability to use soil-steps as SFLMT in their farming activities.

scholarly journals Born Too Soon; Implications in a Tertiary Health Facility in Enugu State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
Nwoga Hope Obiageli ◽  
Ajuba Miriam Obinwanne ◽  
Igweagu Chukwuma Paulinus
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Enugu State

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is a complex complication of pregnancy with multiple etiologies. This results in long term medical burdens to the families and health care system at large. The objective of the study was to determine the socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics that affect preterm delivery. Methods: The study was a prospective cohort study conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Data for the study were retrieved from the ante-natal and delivery card of the women that delivered at the unit within the time of data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 and variables were presented as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis was done using chi-square test. The level of significance was set at p value ≤ 0.05. Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors that predicted preterm delivery. Results: Majority of them were married 746(96.9%), Igbos 763(99.1) and Christians 766(99.5%). Most of the women were civil servants 429(55.7%), while about 31.3% of them were unemployed 241(31.3%). Majority of the women 484(62.9%) had tertiary education. About 48% of them delivered through caesarean section while 53.9% booked within 14-28weeks gestation. Delivering through caesarean section and gestational age at booking predicted preterm delivery. Un-booked mothers have about 7times odds of having PTB when compared to those that booked at ≥28 week’s gestation. Conclusion: The prevalence of PTB is still high in Nigeria. Booking status of the mother and C/S delivery were found to be strongly associated with preterm delivery. Key words: Enugu State, Nigeria, Preterm delivery, Prevalence, Tertiary health facility.

scholarly journals Age differences in clinical features and outcomes in patients with COVID-19, Jiangsu, China: a retrospective, multi-center cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanyuan Luo ◽  
Songqiao Liu ◽  
Yuancheng Wang ◽  
Penelope A. Phillips-Howard ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objectives To determine the age-specific clinical presentations and incidence of adverse outcomes among patients with COVID-19 in Jiangsu, China. Design and setting This is a retrospective, multi-center cohort study performed at twenty-four hospitals in Jiangsu, China. Participants From January 10 to March 15, 2020, 625 patients with COVID-19 were involved. Results Of the 625 patients (median age, 46 years; 329 [52.6%] males), 37 (5.9%) were children (18 years or less), 261 (40%) young adults (19-44 years), 248 (39.7%) middle-aged adults (45-64 years), and 79 (12.6%) elderly (65 years or more). The incidence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes comorbidities increased with age (trend test, P < .0001, P = 0.0003, P < .0001, and P < .0001 respectively). Fever, cough, and shortness of breath occurred more commonly among older patients, especially the elderly, compared to children (Chi-square test, P = 0.0008, 0.0146, and 0.0282, respectively). The quadrant score and pulmonary opacity score increased with age (trend test, both P < .0001). Older patients had significantly more abnormal values in many laboratory parameters than younger patients. Elderly patients contributed the highest proportion of severe or critically-ill cases (33.0%, Chi-square test P < 0.001), intensive care unit (ICU) (35.4%, Chi-square test P < 0.001), and respiratory failure (31.6%, Chi-square test P = 0.0266), and longest hospital stay (21 days, ANOVA-test P < 0.001). Conclusions Elderly (≥65) patients with COVID-19 had the highest risk of severe or critical illness, intensive care use, respiratory failure, and the longest hospital stay, which may be due partly to that they had higher incidence of comorbidities and poor immune responses to COVID-19.

scholarly journals The pattern of admission and outcome of neonates managed in the neonatal intensive care unit in a Sudanese hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Safaa A. M. Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed A. O. Ali ◽  
Esraa A. A. Mahgoub ◽  
Mohammed Nimir ◽  
Elfatih M. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: This study aimed to assess the admission pattern and outcome of neonates managed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a Sudanese hospital.Methods: This hospital-based retrospective study was conducted in the NICU of Saad Abu Elella Teaching Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. Data was collected from medical records of 207 neonates using an extraction form. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used in analysis.Results: Most of the neonates were term, and 43% of them had a birth weight less than 2.5 kg. Moreover, the most common morbidities among them were sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal jaundice and asphyxia, and the mortality rate was 15%. Additionally, the birth weight, gestational age, the need for resuscitations, direct breast feeding and being beside mother were found to be significantly associated with the studied outcome.Conclusions: Majority of causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in our study were preventable diseases. Therefore, interventions to improve services in the NICU are highly needed to improve the outcomes.

Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Eclampsia by Mode of delivery at Riley Mother Baby Hospital: A longitudinal case-series study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Amubuomombe Poli ◽  
Koech MMED Irene ◽  
Richard Mogeni ◽  
Ann Mwangi ◽  
Andrew Cheruiyot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Series Study

Abstract Background Eclampsia, considered a serious complication of preeclampsia, remains a life-threatening condition among pregnant women. It accounts for 12% of maternal deaths and 16–31% of perinatal deaths worldwide. Most deaths from eclampsia occurred in resource-limited settings of sub-Saharan Africa. This study was performed to determine the optimum mode of delivery, as well as factors associated with the mode of delivery, in women admitted with eclampsia at Riley Mother and Baby Hospital. Methods This was a hospital-based longitudinal case-series study conducted at the largest and busiest obstetric unit of the tertiary hospital of western Kenya. Maternal and perinatal variables, such as age, parity, medications, initiation of labour, mode of delivery, admission to the intensive care unit, admission to the newborn care unit, organ injuries, and mortality, were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20.0. Quantitative data were described using frequencies and percentages. The significance of the obtained results was judged at the 5% level. The chi-square test was used for categorical variables, and Fisher’s exact test or the Monte Carlo correction was used for correction of the chi-square test when more than 20% of the cells had an expected count of less than 5. Results During the study period, 53 patients diagnosed with eclampsia were treated and followed up to 6 weeks postpartum. There was zero maternal mortality; however, perinatal mortality was reported in 9.4%. Parity was statistically associated with an increased odds of adverse perinatal outcomes (p = 0.004, OR = 9.1, 95% CI = 2.0-40.8) and caesarean delivery (p = 0.020, OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.3–17.1). In addition, the induction of labour decreased the risk of adverse outcomes (p = 0.232, OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1-2.0). Conclusion There is no benefit of emergency caesarean section for women with eclampsia. Instead, it increases the risk of perinatal adverse outcomes, including the risk of admission to the newborn unit and perinatal death.

Peri-operative Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Taking Warfarin or Edoxaban: Analysis of the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (06) ◽  
pp. 1001-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Douketis ◽  
Sabina Murphy ◽  
Elliott Antman ◽  
Laura Grip ◽  
Michele Mercuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Systemic Embolism ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Anticoagulated Patients

Background Peri-operative management of anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is challenging. To gain information on the peri-operative management of edoxaban, we compared outcomes in patients on warfarin or edoxaban enrolled in ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 who underwent a surgery or invasive procedure. Methods Data from patients undergoing their first surgery/procedure were analysed and results compared by anticoagulant (warfarin vs. higher- or lower-dose edoxaban regimen [HDER and LDER, respectively]). Patients were classified by procedural management: anticoagulant interrupted (last dose 4–10 days pre-procedure) or anticoagulant continued (last dose ≤ 3 days pre-procedure). Stroke/systemic embolism (SSE), major bleeding (MB), MB or clinically relevant non-MB (CRNMB) and death were assessed from 7 days pre- until 30 days post-procedure. The chi-square test was used to compare outcomes across treatment groups. Results A total of 7,193 patients (34%) underwent surgery/procedure: 3,116 had anticoagulant interrupted, 4,077 had anticoagulant continued. Among patients on warfarin, HDER and LDER who had anticoagulant interrupted, rates of SSE were 0.6, 0.5 and 0.9% (p = 0.53), rates of MB were 1.0, 1.2 and 1.1% (p = 0.94) and rates of MB or CRNMB were 3.9, 4.2 and 3.6% (p = 0.78); among patients on warfarin, HDER and LDER who had anticoagulant continued, rates of SSE were 1.1, 0.7 and 0.9% (p = 0.51), rates of MB were 3.6, 2.6 and 2.4% (p = 0.13) and rates of MB or CRNMB were 8.5, 7.9 and 6.6% (p = 0.17). Conclusion In patients requiring surgery/procedure in ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48, peri-operative rates of SSE, MB and death were not significantly different in patients who received edoxaban or warfarin.

scholarly journals Influence of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factors to Recurrent Miocard Infark on Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in General Hospital Surakarta Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Hidayah Karuniawati Karuniawati ◽  
Vionella Moutika Putri ◽  
Tuqa Haitham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Recurrent Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Myocardial Infraction ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p class="0abstract">The patient who had myocardial infraction has a risk of recurrent myocardial infraction. Secondary prevention including antiplatelet, beta-blocker, statin, ACE inhibitor/ARB aims to prevent recurrent myocardial infarction. This study aimed to find the influence of secondary prevention and risk factors on the occurrence of recurrent myocardial infraction. This research was conducted with quantitative and case-control retrospectively. The subjects were 80 respondents consisting of 40 respondents in the case group and 40 respondents in control group patients. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis of chi-square test followed by multivariate analysis of logistic regression. Rate of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) with antiplatelet therapy decreased from 64.3% to 34.2%, with beta-blocker therapy decreased from 57.7% to 35.7%, with statin therapy decreased from 65.9% to 30.5%, with ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy decreased from 65.9% to 30.5%, with a combination of fourth therapy reduced from 57.4% to 34.6%. Chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between antiplatelet therapy (p = 0.007), statin therapy (p = 0.002), ACE inhibitor / ARB therapy (p = 0.002), family history (p = 0.011) and adherence (p = 0.007) to recurrent MI. While multivariate analysis of logistic regression showed that the variables influencing the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction were did not use antiplatelet therapy (P = 0,005; OR= 4.006) and statin therapy (P = 0,029; OR= 3.111). The secondary prevention reduced the incident of recurrent myocardial infarction.</p>

scholarly journals Exploring health literacy in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Mei ◽  
Qing Zhong ◽  
Gong Chen ◽  
Yuanxia Huang ◽  
Junlin Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background In recent years, research on health literacy has become increasingly focused on the health care system and public health. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate health literacy and analyse the risk factors that affect health literacy in Wuhan, China. Methods Multistage stratified random sampling was used to select 5304 urban and rural residents aged 15 to 69 years from 204 monitoring points in 15 districts of Wuhan. Using the Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) (2018 edition), a face-to-face survey was conducted from November to December 2018. Risk factors that may affect health literacy were assessed using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression models. Results The knowledge rate of health literacy was relatively low (19.3%). The knowledge rate of health-related behaviour and lifestyle (BAL, 17.3%) was the lowest of the three aspects of health literacy, and the knowledge rate of chronic diseases (CD, 19.0%) was the lowest of the six dimensions of health literacy. Respondents who lived in urban areas, had higher education levels, worked as medical staff, had a higher household income and did not suffer from chronic diseases were likely to have higher health literacy. Conclusions The health literacy levels of citizens in Wuhan are insufficient and need to improve.

scholarly journals Prevalence, patterns and correlates of smokeless tobacco use in Nigerian adults: An analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245114
Author(s):  
Ikenna Onoh ◽  
Oluwatomi Owopetu ◽  
Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba ◽  
Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo ◽  
Tukur Dahiru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The South ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction The global tobacco epidemic contributes to more than 8 million deaths annually. However, most tobacco control interventions have been driven by an emphasis on smoked tobacco. Globally and more so in Nigeria, less attention has been paid to the similarly harmful smokeless tobacco (SLT) whose use appeals to a different demography. We examined the prevalence, patterns of use and correlates of SLT in Nigerian adults to guide targeted control efforts. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2012 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data. We obtained data on 9,765 non-institutionalised adults aged 15 years and older. Variables included current SLT use, sociodemographic characteristics and perceived harm of SLT use. We used Chi-square test to examine associations and binary logistic regression to assess predictors of current SLT use. All analyses were conducted with sample-weighted data. Results The prevalence of current SLT use was 1.9% of all adults. About 1.4% were daily users. The main types were snuff by nose (1.6%) and snuff by mouth (0.8%). There were higher odds of current SLT use for those in the South-East region (aOR = 13.99; 95% CI: 4.45–43.95), rural area residents (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.04–2.35), males (aOR = 4.43; 95% CI: 2.75–7.11), the 45–64 years age-group (aOR = 10.00; 95% CI: 4.12–24.29), those with no formal education (aOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.01–7.05), and those with no perception of harm from SLT use (aOR = 3.81, 95% CI: 2.61–5.56). Conclusion The prevalence of SLT use among Nigerian adults was low with clearly identified predictors. While a majority were aware of harm from SLT use, an unacceptably high proportion remain unaware. We recommended targeted interventions to increase awareness of the harmful effects of SLT use especially among residents of the South-East, those in rural areas, males, and individuals with no formal education. We also recommended a follow-up survey.

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