scholarly journals Review on the Prevalence and Persistence of Neuromyths in Education – Where We Stand and What Is Still Needed

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finja Grospietsch ◽  
Isabelle Lins
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Cooperation ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Brain Based Learning ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Effective Theories ◽  
High Degree

The buzzword brain-based learning emerged in the 1970s and continues to fascinate teachers and learners in schools and universities today. However, what interested teachers often fail to realize is that brain-based or brain-friendly learning can not only be a plausible concept, but also a myth when applied incorrectly. Numerous empirical studies reveal a high degree of support for misconceptions about learning and the brain, known as neuromyths, among both pre-service and in-service teachers. When applied in the classroom, these myths can waste the educational system’s money, time and effort. Even though the neuromyths issue has been known for two decades and the topic remains a focus of constant research, even today, the research discourse barely goes beyond replicating the earliest research findings. This review article provides an overview of the theoretical and empirical state of research on neuromyths. As part of this, ten neuromyths on the subject of learning and memory will be described in terms of content and the results of prior studies on neuromyths will be summarized. The overview of the theoretical and empirical state of research serves as a basis for highlighting controversies, fundamental concepts, issues and problems, current research gaps and potential developments in the field. Topics discussed include whether controversial research findings on correlations with endorsement of neuromyths are merely a methodological artefact, and why contradictions exist between the theoretical and empirical state of research. In addition, three central research gaps will be identified: First, studies should be conducted on whether and to what extent the endorsement of neuromyths really deprives teachers and students of opportunities to spend the education system’s money, time and effort on more effective theories and methods. Second, there is too little work on developing and evaluating intervention approaches to combat neuromyths. Third, a standard scientific methodology or guidelines for determining new neuromyths are lacking. As desirable future developments in the field, more work educating people on neuromyths, uniform vocabulary, and interdisciplinary cooperation are highlighted. This contributes to answering the question of to what extent interweaving neuroscience, educational science and cognitive psychology can contribute to reducing the prevalence of neuromyths in education.

scholarly journals Organization of the accounting system in the Lodz ghetto from 1940–1944. Approach of the victims of the extermination

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (163) ◽  
pp. 71-98
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Turzyński
Keyword(s):  
Research Approach ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Current State ◽  
Financial Audit ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Will ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
State Archives ◽  
High Degree ◽  
And Training

The purpose of the article is to present research findings that deal with the organization of the accounting system in the Lodz ghetto. As a result of the research, it was found that the accounting system in the Lodz ghetto was characterized by a high degree of orderliness and an extensive internal structure, which were in conflict with the conditions of how the closed Jewish district functioned. Archival empirical research was carried out, covering mainly materials collected in the State Archives in Lodz The article presents characteristics of the current state of research, an applied research approach, a description of the adminis-trative structures and enterprises operating in the ghetto, an examination of how accounting was orga-nized, financial audit, and training in accounting. Bauman's social theory regarding the rationality of the will to survive was used as the research approach. The article is, to the best of the author's knowledge, the first attempt to examine the organization of the accounting system in the Lodz ghetto, carried out from the perspective of the Jewish accountants.

The Relationship in Counseling and Psychotherapy

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Gelso ◽  
Jean A. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Real Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Orientations ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Therapy Relationship ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Relationship

This two-part article suggests ingredients in the therapy relationship that are common to all interventions. It then examines similarities and differences in how the relationship works within the three dominant approaches to therapy. The overall aim of the article is to restimulate research and theory on the relationship. The first part defines the relationship and proposes three components to all therapeutic relationships: a working alliance, a transference configuration, and a real relationship. Five propositions are offered about the operation of each component within and across theoretical orientations. The second part examines how views of the relationship in perspectives broadly labeled psychoanalytic, humanistic, and learning vary according to three theoretical dimensions: the centrality, real-unreal, and means-end dimensions. Central research findings are reviewed for each theoretical perspective, the current state of research is examined for each, and suggestions are offered for future directions.

BASIC LITERACY SKILLS THROUGH THE SCHOOL LITERACY MOVEMENT (GLS) AT SDN 6 PEKANBARU

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Dewi Dewi ◽  
Zariul Antosa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Good Level ◽  
Vocabulary Comprehension ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Literacy Ability ◽  
The Government

The School Literacy Movement (GLS) is a policy issued by the government to overcome the problem of education and improve the basic literacy abilities of students. SDN 6 Pekanbaru is one of the schools that has implemented GLS at the familiarization stage well. Therefore, this study aims to determine the basic literacy skills of students in low classes through the implementation of GLS in SDN 6 Pekanbaru. This study used qualitative research conducted through observation and interviews about the implementation of GLS and students’ basic literacy skills with teachers and students in classes I and II. The results showed that GLS was able to improve the phonetic abilities of students by achieving a very good level of the ability to read and pronounce combinations of letters. The increase of students' vocabulary comprehension ability was seen where most students were able to know the meaning of words and retell the contents of books with theme daily activities. From the research findings, it was concluded that GLS improved the basic literacy ability of low-class students at SDN 6 Pekanbaru.

scholarly journals Education in Africa: What Are We Learning?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K Evans ◽  
Amina Mendez Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Grant Programs ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Secondary School Education ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
Mother Tongue Instruction ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Positive Impacts

Abstract Countries across Africa continue to face major challenges in education. In this review, we examine 145 recent empirical studies (from 2014 onward) on how to increase access to and improve the quality of education across the continent, specifically examining how these studies update previous research findings. We find that 64% of the studies evaluate government-implemented programs, 36% include detailed cost analysis and 35% evaluate multiple treatment arms. We identify several areas where new studies provide rigorous evidence on topics that do not figure prominently in earlier evidence syntheses. New evidence shows promising impacts of structured pedagogy interventions (which typically provide a variety of inputs, such as lesson plans and training for teachers together with new materials for students) and of mother tongue instruction interventions, as well as from a range of teacher programs, including both remunerative (pay-for-performance of various designs) and non-remunerative (coaching and certain types of training) programs. School feeding delivers gains in both access and learning. New studies also show long-term positive impacts of eliminating school fees for primary school and positive impacts of eliminating fees in secondary school. Education technology interventions have decidedly mixed impacts, as do school grant programs and programs providing individual learning inputs (e.g., uniforms or textbooks).

scholarly journals Using Drama in EFL Classroom

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Luh Angelianawati
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Practical Guideline ◽  
Efl Teaching ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Efl Classrooms ◽  
The Many

Due to the many potential benefits and drama can offer in language learning, there has been a growing interest to use drama in ESL/EFL classrooms. However, the practice still causes many difficulties to both teachers and students due to several factors. This article reviews current theories and research findings on the use of drama in ESL/EFL teaching and learning to provide a better understanding of the use of drama to facilitate learning in EFL classrooms. It begins with current theories behind drama use in English learning. This section tries to clarify what drama is in the context of ESL/EFL, what benefits it offers, and what challenges teachers potentially meet. After that, the discussion focuses on a practical guideline for using drama in the classroom. It proceeds with a brief description of some useful drama techniques. The article ends by offering some concluding remarks.

scholarly journals Agile Transformation at Scale: A Tertiary Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Suddhasvatta Das ◽  
Kevin Gary
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Software Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agile Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Agile Software ◽  
Tertiary Study

AbstractDue to the fast-paced nature of the software industry and the success of small agile projects, researchers and practitioners are interested in scaling agile processes to larger projects. Agile software development (ASD) has been growing in popularity for over two decades. With the success of small-scale agile transformation, organizations started to focus on scaling agile. There is a scarcity of literature in this field making it harder to find plausible evidence to identify the science behind large scale agile transformation. The objective of this paper is to present a better understanding of the current state of research in the field of scaled agile transformation and explore research gaps. This tertiary study identifies seven relevant peer reviewed studies and reports research findings and future research avenues.

scholarly journals HUMANISTIC APPROACH TO PRINCIPAL’S LEADERSHIP AND ITS IMPACTS IN CHARACTER EDUCATION STRENGTHENING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulius Rustan Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Principal's Role ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Research Findings

Purpose of the study: This paper aims to describe the basic reasons behind the application of the principal's humanisticapproach, and the steps of the principal's humanistic approach to optimizing character education strengthening programs.Methodology: This research uses a qualitative approach, case study design. Data collection is done through in-depthinterviews, participant observation, and study documentation to achieve research objectives.Main Findings: Research findings reveal that personal excellence (integrity, wholeness, and authenticity) and thehumanistic spirituality of inspirational figures inspire the principal's humanistic approach. In addition, the application of the principal's humanistic approach has a significant impact on optimizing the implementation of character education strengthening in schools and successfully forming the character of students.Applications of this study: This study can be useful for principals in the education department of Malang City, EastJava, Indonesia, to use a humanistic approach model in carrying out leadership roles, because it has been proveneffective in optimizing the implementation of optimizing character education strengthening programs in schools.Novelty/Originality of this study: The principal's role is to create a "humane" school environment through harmonious relationships, respecting subordinates as human beings, tolerant and non-discriminatory, giving examples of good behavior to subordinates based on self-excellence and imitating the spirituality of inspirational figures, so that good characters are formed in the teachers and students at school.

scholarly journals Contemporary art thesauri in the context of the teaching profession development

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Larisa Yu. Kalinina ◽  
◽  
Dmitry V. Ivanov ◽  
Nikolai A. Nikitin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Professional Roles ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Cultural Activities ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
High Degree

Introduction. The problem of identifying the role of contemporary art thesauri in the teaching profession development has become aggravated in the context of global socio-economic changes, apparently irreversible after the COVID-19 pandemic. Contemporary art, actively exploring the reality of the digital age, makes it possible to comprehend the essence of the new in education, clearly see the ideal of a person who is in demand by the society of the 2020s, and choose a way to overcome the crisis of the teaching profession, which is no longer limited by the framework of person-to-person duality but is fundamentally open due to technology. The research purpose is to generalize scientific ideas for the study of contemporary art thesauri as a tool for developing the teaching profession in the cultural-educational space of the 21st century. The research methodology includes the thesaurus, interdisciplinary and integrated approaches; identification and systematization of units of knowledge about contemporary art through thesauri influencing the development of the profession of a teacher. The use of a thesaurus approach made it possible to identify and systematize units of knowledge about contemporary art and its educational opportunities that coincide in one way or another. An interdisciplinary approach showed the mechanism of integrating disciplines studied by future teachers with the space of modern artistic culture. An integrated approach was used to view contemporary art as a hierarchical system of a high degree of complexity in specific historical and psychological aspects. The research results contain a generalized description of the process of integrating contemporary art into education: the transition from a teacher’s professionalism to transprofessionalism through the introduction into the widespread practice of approaches that have resulted from the activities of representatives of creative professions; increasing the significance of a teacher as an organizer of cultural activities in the context of distance learning, with the emergence of new professional roles; the formation of concepts reflecting the commonality of thinking of a teacher and an author of artworks. Findings. Contemporary art thesauri help pedagogical education get to a higher level due to a new understanding of the profession of a teacher: as developing from professionalism to transprofessionalism through the assimilation of knowledge about the formation of a professional in the art sphere (“alien” becomes “own”), focused on organizing students’ cultural activities using distance technologies and new professional roles, explaining itself in terms of pedagogy and art. The field of application of research findings is the improvement of educational programs at all education levels (from the preschool establishment to university) in accordance with the requirements of state standards.

scholarly journals Notas Sobre a História da Educação Física no Triângulo Mineiro (Ituiutaba - 1934-1971) * Notes on the History of Physical Education in the “Triângulo Mineiro” (Ituiutaba – 1934-1971)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
ANDRÉA AZEVEDO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
SAULOÉBER TÁRSIO DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Education History ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>O trabalho tem como preocupação a implantação da disciplina de Educação Física nas escolas do município de Ituiutaba (Triângulo Mineiro), no período entre 1934 e 1971. A adoção de atividades físicas nos currículos escolares com o objetivo de disciplinar e higienizar a juventude e a infância local refletia o novo ideal pedagógico voltado ao domínio dos “instintos insubordinados”, buscando-se normatizar condutas e contribuindo para a nova organização social, surgida com a sociedade urbana e industrial, especialmente a partir da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Tal contexto provocou a necessidade de desenvolvimento de um alto grau de eficiência produtiva, onde a educação escolar seria fundamental para atingir tal propósito, além de contribuir para a difusão da idéia de que era necessário garantir uma “educação higiênica” no combate aos grandes surtos epidêmicos. A partir dessa perspectiva, buscamos apontar as especificidades das práticas de professores e alunos nas aulas de Educação Física nas escolas desse município mineiro.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> História da Educação – História da Educação Física – Triângulo Mineiro.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This article is concerned about the implementation of Physical Education in schools in the city Ituiutaba (<em>Triângulo Mineiro</em>) between 1934 and 1971. The adoption of physical activities in school curriculums aimed to <em>discipline</em> and <em>purify</em> the local youth and children reflected the new pedagogical ideal directed to the control of the "insubordinate instincts", seeking to regulate behaviors and contributing to the new social organization which appeared with the urban and industrial society, especially after the Second World War. Such a context brought about the need for development of a high degree of productive efficiency, where schooling would be essential to achieve such purpose, beyond the contribution to the transmission of the idea which was necessary to ensure a "pure education" in the fight against large epidemic outbreaks. From this perspective, we highlight the specific practices of teachers and students in Physical Education classes in the schools of this city.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> History of Education – History of Physical Education ­– Triângulo Mineiro.</p>

scholarly journals Pendekatan Kontekstual Dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Aqidah di MAN Kelas X MAN Model Banda Aceh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Miskul Makhtum
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Group Learning ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Banda Aceh

The background of this study was more specifically related to the contextual approach: linking science with daily life, which could help improve students’ understanding on aqidah/creed materials, their ability to think, and their learning experiences. Thus, the students could implement them in real life. The study conducted in Class X of MAN Model Banda Aceh, aimed at investigating the implementation of the contextual approach, the application of the contextual approach which could increase the understanding of the Aqidah concept, and the understanding of Aqidah concept of the students taught using the contextual approach and the conventional approach. The research employed quantitative descriptive with quasi experimental method. Data were collected by essay pretest and essay posttest, teachers’ and students’ observation, and documentation. The research findings showed that the implementation of the contextual approach on aqidah learning covered the scope of Aqidah Islam and sub-materials such as the definitions, and the principles of aqidah. The learning method of aqidah included using seven components of the contextual approach: constructivism, inquiry, modeling, frequently asked questions, group learning, modeling, and real judgment. The teaching and learning activities were carried out through discussions in accordance with the lesson plans. Further, the observation analysis of the teachers’ ability level (TKG) showed that the descriptive statistics of the teaching activity was 4.51≤TKG t1-α or 15.38> 1.6923, making Ho rejected and Ha accepted. It can be meant that the students’ posttest was better that the pretest. Moreover, the learning outcomes of the aqidah learning of the students of Class X IPA 2 and Class X IPA 5 reflected that those taught with the contextual outperformed those with the conventional learning, as shown here based on the significance level α = 0.05 and degree of freedom (df) = 66. The ttable obtained was t_(0,975)(66) = 1.997 so that tcount < ttable (0.59 µ2 was accepted.

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