scholarly journals The Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0344 on LPS-Induced Mastitis In Vitro and In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingxue Chen ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Jiayao Guo ◽  
Qinggang Xie ◽  
Smith Etareri Evivie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α

Cow mastitis, which significantly lowers milk quality, is mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli. Previous studies have suggested that lactic acid bacteria can have antagonistic effects on pathogenic bacteria that cause mastitis. In the current study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo alleviative effects of L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 in mastitis treatment. In vitro antibacterial experiments were performed using bovine mammary epithelial cell (bMEC), followed by in vivo studies involving mastitis mouse models. In vitro results indicate that lactic acid was the primary substance inhibiting the E. coli pathogen. Meanwhile, treatment with L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 can reduce cytokines’ mRNA expression levels in the inflammatory response of bMEC induced by LPS. In vivo, the use of this strain reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and inhibited the secretion of p-p65 and p-IκBα. These results indicate that L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 pretreatment can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, thus exerting prevent the occurrence of inflammation in vivo. Our findings show that L. plantarum KLDS 1.0344 has excellent properties as an alternative to antibiotics and can be developed into lactic acid bacteria preparation to prevent mastitis disease.

scholarly journals Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus) in Yogurt Inhibit the Growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sp. In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
IDSAP Peramiarti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Test Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference

Diarrhea is defecation with a frequency more often than usual (three times or more) a day (10 mL/kg/day) with a soft or liquid consistency, even in the form of water alone. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sp., play a role in many cases, to which antibiotics are prescribed as the first-line therapy. However, since antibiotic resistance cases are often found, preventive therapies are needed, such as consuming yogurt, which is produced through a fermentation process by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This research aimed to determine the activity of lactic acid bacteria (Liactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) in yogurt in inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic bacteria E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sp. The research applied in vitro with the liquid dilution test method and the true experimental design research method with post-test-only and control group design. The design was used to see the inhibitory effect of yogurt LAB on the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigell sp. to compare the effect of several different yogurt concentrations, namely 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The results of the Least Significance Different analysis showed that there was a significant difference between yogurt with a concentration of 0% and that with various concentrations in inhibiting the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sp. with a p-value of &lt;0.05. Whereas, there was no significant difference in the various concentrations of yogurt in inhibiting the growth of the three kinds of bacteria with a p-value of &gt; 0.05.<p class="Default" align="center"> </p>

Effect of bovine colostrum, cheese whey, and spray-dried porcine plasma on the in vitro growth of probiotic bacteria and Escherichia coli

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude P. Champagne ◽  
Yves Raymond ◽  
Yves Pouliot ◽  
Sylvie F. Gauthier ◽  
Martin Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Spray Dried ◽  
Mrs Broth

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of defatted colostrum (Col), defatted decaseinated colostrum whey, cheese whey, and spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) as supplements of a growth medium (de Man – Rogosa – Sharpe (MRS) broth) on the multiplication of lactic acid bacteria, probiotic bacteria, and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli. Using automated spectrophotometry (in vitro system), we evaluated the effect of the 4 supplements on maximum growth rate (μmax), lag time (LagT), and biomass (ODmax) of 12 lactic acid bacteria and probiotic bacteria and of an E. coli culture. Enrichment of MRS broth with a Col concentration of 10 g/L increased the μmax of 5 of the 12 strains by up to 55%. Negative effects of Col or SDPP on growth rates were also observed with 3 probiotic strains; in one instance μmax was reduced by 40%. The most effective inhibitor of E. coli growth was SDPP, and this effect was not linked to its lysozyme content. The positive effect of enrichment with the dairy-based ingredient might be linked to enrichment in sugars and increased buffering power of the medium. These in vitro data suggest that both Col and SDPP could be considered as supplements to animal feeds to improve intestinal health because of their potential to promote growth of probiotic bacteria and to inhibit growth of pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli.

scholarly journals Probiotic characterization and in vitro  functional properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaruwan Sitdhipol ◽  
Kanidta Niwasabutra ◽  
Neungnut Chaiyawan ◽  
Siritorn Teerawet ◽  
Punnathorn Thaveethaptaikul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Fourteen lactic acid bacteria from fermented foods and feces of healthy animals in Thailand were characterized for their potential as probiotics. All isolates could survive in simulated gastrointestinal fluid (pH 2) and bile salt solution (pH 8) more than 70% and 63%, when compare with initial cell concentration, respectively. Adhesion test showed more than 70% adhesive property an in vitro experiment. The susceptibility assay showed that all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, imipenem, kanamycin, norfloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline and vancomycin. Based on phenotypic and genetic characteristics, they belonged to the genera Lactiplantibacillus, Levilactobacillus, Capanilactobacillus, Pediococcus, Enterococcus, Limosilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus. The isolates exhibited antimicrobial ability against pathogenic bacteria; Gram positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466 and Listeria monocytogenes TISTR 2196) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli TISTR 780, Salmonella enteritidis TISTR 2202 and Salmonella typhimurium TISTR 292). Limosilactobacillus reuteri MF67.1 and Companilactobacillus farciminis R7-1 showed bile salt hydrolase activity. Cell-free culture supernatants of all 14 isolates were screened for immunomodulating effects on Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) production. Twelve isolates were able to decrease TNF-α production at different levels, especially Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum R26-3 and Lacticaseibacillus zeae M2/5 could high inhibit TNF-α production, showing 34 and 29% reduction, respectively. These results suggested that all 14 strains met the general criteria of probiotics and four strains, including Lacticaseibacillus zeae M2/5, Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum R26-3, Limosilactobacillus reuteri MF67.1 and Companilactobacillus farciminis R7-1, represent interesting candidates for further studies as anti-inflammatory (M2/5, R26-3) or cholesterol reducing agents (MF67.1, R7-1) in vivo animal models.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Lentinan Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifang Yin ◽  
Guanhong Xue ◽  
Ailing Dai ◽  
Haichong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Mastitis is a worldwide production disease in dairy cows, which mainly affects milk yield, causing huge economic losses to dairy farmers. Lentinan is a kind of polysaccharide extracted from Lentinus edodes, which has no toxicity and possesses various pharmacological activities including antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory function of lentinan on LPS-stimulated mastitis was carried out, and the mechanism involved was explored. In vivo, lentinan greatly reduced LPS-stimulated pathological injury, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the proinflammatory factor production (TNF-α and IL-1β) in mice. Further study was performed to determine the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during LPS stimulation. These results suggested that LPS-induced activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was suppressed by lentinan administration. In vitro, we observed that the mouse mammary epithelial cell (mMEC) viability was not affected by lentinan treatment. As expected, LPS increased the TNF-α and IL-1β protein secretion and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that was inhibited by lentinan administration in a dose-dependent manner in mMECs. Conclusively, lentinan exerts the anti-inflammatory function in LPS-stimulated mastitis via inhibiting the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, the results of our study also gave an insight that lentinan may serve as a potential treatment for mastitis.

scholarly journals Selection of lactic acid bacteria as a probiotic and evaluated its performance on gnotobiotic catfish Clarias sp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Enita Romasni Turnip ◽  
Widanarni, Widanarni ◽  
Anja Meryandini
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Feed Conversion

<p class="JudulBabdenganNomor">ABSTRACT</p><p class="JudulBabdenganNomor"> </p><p>This study aimed to select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a potential probiotic that producing anti‒microbial compounds in order to treat motile aeromonads septicemia diseases caused by <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> on catfish <em>Clarias</em> sp. and evaluated its performance on gnotobiotic catfish. The <em>in vitro</em> assay was done to select several LAB isolates based on antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria. The selected isolate was tested <em>in vivo</em> to observe their ability to improve growth performances of catfish. The study was conducted with five treatments consists of K‒ (normal catfish without addition probiotic, without challenge test), K+ (normal catfish without addition of probiotic, with challenge test), Np (normal catfish with addition of probiotic and challenge test), G (gnoto catfish without addition of probiotic, with challenge test), and Gp (gnoto catfish with addition of probiotic and challenge test). The results showed that the addition of <em>Pediococcus pentosaceus</em> E2211 as selected probiotic could increase survival rate, specific growth rate, and immune response towards infection of <em>A. hydrophila</em>. The best survival rate after challenge test was obtained in Np and Gp treatments (88.46%), followed by G treatment (65.38%), while the K+ was only 53.84%. The conclusion of this study was <em>P. pentosaceus</em> E2211 potentially used as a probiotic candidate for normal and gnotobiotic catfish. The presence of normal microflora with <em>P. pentosaceus</em> E2211 in Np treatment showed the best probiotic performance with daily growth rate 3.28%, feed conversion ratio 1.79, and total intestinal bacteria reached 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL significantly different from other treatments (P&lt;0.05).</p><p>Keywords: <em>Aeromonas hydrophila,</em> catfish, LAB, probiotic, screening</p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyeleksi bakteri asam laktat (BAL) sebagai probiotik potensial penghasil senyawa antimikrob guna menanggulangi penyakit <em>motile aeromonad septicemia</em> akibat <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> pada ikan lele <em>Clarias </em>sp. dan evaluasi kinerjanya pada ikan lele gnotobiotik. Pengujian <em>in vitro </em>dilakukan untuk menyeleksi beberapa isolat BAL sebagai kandidat probiotik berdasarkan aktivitas antagonis terhadap bakteri patogen. Isolat terpilih kemudian diuji <em>in vivo</em> untuk mengetahui kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan performa tumbuh ikan lele.<em> </em>Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu: K‒ (lele normal tanpa probiotik dan tanpa tanpa diuji tantang), K+ (lele normal tanpa probiotik dan diuji tantang), Np (lele normal diberi probiotik dan diuji tantang), G (lele gnoto tanpa probiotik dan diuji tantang), dan Gp (lele gnoto diberi probiotik dan diuji tantang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian probiotik terpilih BAL <em>Pediococcus</em><em> pentosaceus</em> E2211 mampu meningkatkan sintasan, laju pertumbuhan, dan respons imun ikan lele terhadap infeksi <em>A. hydrophila</em>. Sintasan terbaik pascauji tantang diperoleh pada perlakuan Np dan Gp yaitu sebesar 88,46%, diikuti perlakuan G sebesar 65,38%, sementara pada K+ hanya mencapai 53,84%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ialah isolat BAL terpilih <em>P. pentosaceus </em>E2211 berpotensi sebagai kandidat probiotik untuk ikan lele normal dan lele gnotobiotik <em>Clarias </em>sp. Keberadaan mikroflora normal yang berasosiasi dengan <em>P. pentosaceus </em>E2211 pada perlakuan Np menunjukkan kinerja probiotik terbaik dengan nilai laju pertubuhan harian 3,28%, rasio konversi pakan 1,79 dan total bakteri usus mencapai 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL yang berbeda signifikan dibanding perlakuan lainnya (P&lt;0,05).</p><p>Kata kunci: <em>A. hydrophila,</em> BAL, ikan lele, probiotik, seleksi</p><p> </p>

Antimicrobial potential of lactic acid bacteria from domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) from south Celebes, Indonesia, in different growth phases: in vitro experiments supported by computational docking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirayah Rauf Husain ◽  
Syahrul Gunawan ◽  
Sulfahri Sulfahri
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
16S Rna

Background and Objectives: Pathogenic bacterial infection is one of the factors that can cause extensive losses in poultry farming. Pathogenic bacteria that infect domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) include Escherichia coli. This study has investigated antimicrobial compounds from probiotic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of domestic chickens origi- nating from Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Lactic acid bacteria were grown on de Man–Ragosa–Sharpe agar medium for 24 hours. The bac- terial isolate with the best inhibitory power was identified as Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), based on 16S RNA sequences. Antimicrobial activity of the selected lactic acid bacteria was tested on the pathogenic bacteria, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Using well diffusion method. In this study, in silico study was conducted to examine the structure and binding affin- ity of lactic acid bacteria against E. coli and S. aureus. Molecular docking experiments were performed using the PyRx 0.8 software. Results: This study showed that the bacteria were B. subtilis strain PATA-5. The response of inhibition of antimicrobial compounds produced by B. subtilis strain PATA-5 maximum in the stationary phase. The bactericidal properties of B. subtilis strain PATA-5 were categorized as strong against Gram-negative E. coli, i.e., 30.5 mm, when compared to Gram-positive S. aureus, i.e., 17.5 mm. Conclusion: B. subtilis strain PATA-5 is capable to produce natural antibiotic cyclic lipopeptides, namely surfactin.  

Studies on the mode of action of probiotics: effects of the spore-specific dipicolinic acid on selected intestinal bacteria

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. JADAMUS ◽  
W. VAHJEN ◽  
O. SIMON
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

Bacterial growth inhibiting effects of dipicolinic acid (DPA), which occurs in spores of probiotic Bacillus spp. strains, was studied with a range of Lactobacillus spp. (13), Enterococcus spp. (14), and E. coli strains (8) in vitro. In vivo effects were studied in a broiler chicken nutrition trial and DPA supplemented feed (10 g/kg).In vitro studies showed that DPA inhibited growth of most Lactobacillus spp. strains to a larger extent than E. coli strains. Enterococci were generally influenced less by DPA. However, in each group of bacteria some strains were less inhibited by DPA than others. Intestinal lactic acid bacteria in the jejunum and ileum showed a trend (P[les ]0·1) for lower counts in birds fed the DPA-supplemented feed on day 14 and 21. Counts of enterobacteria were not significantly influenced by DPA. No differences in colony counts were observed in 28-day-old animals. Digesta pH was not statistically reduced, but a lower crop pH was recorded throughout the nutrition trial.The study showed that dipicolinic acid, present in probiotic Bacillus spp. spores, is inhibitory for in vitro growth of most lactobacilli and enterobacteria, while growth of enterococci was less inhibited. Intestinal colony counts in young broiler chickens fed a DPA-supplemented diet in part mirrored in vitro results.

scholarly journals Propofol attenuates lung ischemia/reperfusion injury though the involvement of the MALAT1/microRNA-144/GSK3β axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Zhang ◽  
Wei-Jing Zhang ◽  
Miao Yang ◽  
Hua Fang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Loss Of Function

Abstract Background Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic, was proven to protect against lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the detailed mechanism of Propofol in lung I/R injury is still elusive. This study was designed to explore the therapeutic effects of Propofol, both in vivo and in vitro, on lung I/R injury and the underlying mechanisms related to metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)/microRNA-144 (miR-144)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). Methods C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a lung I/R injury model while pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were constructed as hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) cellular model, both of which were performed with Propofol treatment. Gain- or loss-of-function approaches were subsequently employed, followed by observation of cell apoptosis in lung tissues and evaluation of proliferative and apoptotic capabilities in H/R cells. Meanwhile, the inflammatory factors, autophagosomes, and autophagy-related proteins were measured. Results Our experimental data revealed that Propofol treatment could decrease the elevated expression of MALAT1 following I/R injury or H/R induction, indicating its protection against lung I/R injury. Additionally, overexpressing MALAT1 or GSK3β promoted the activation of autophagosomes, proinflammatory factor release, and cell apoptosis, suggesting that overexpressing MALAT1 or GSK3β may reverse the protective effects of Propofol against lung I/R injury. MALAT1 was identified to negatively regulate miR-144 to upregulate the GSK3β expression. Conclusion Overall, our study demonstrated that Propofol played a protective role in lung I/R injury by suppressing autophagy and decreasing release of inflammatory factors, with the possible involvement of the MALAT1/miR-144/GSK3β axis.

scholarly journals The impact of indole-3-lactic acid on immature intestinal innate immunity and development: a transcriptomic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuyang Huang ◽  
Ky Young Cho ◽  
Di Meng ◽  
W. Allan Walker
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAn excessive intestinal inflammatory response may have a role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm infants. Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) of breastmilk tryptophan was identified as the anti-inflammatory metabolite involved in probiotic conditioned media from Bifidobacteria longum subsp infantis. This study aimed to explore the molecular endocytic pathways involved in the protective ILA effect against inflammation. H4 cells, Caco-2 cells, C57BL/6 pup and adult mice were used to compare the anti-inflammatory mechanisms between immature and mature enterocytes in vitro and in vivo. The results show that ILA has pleiotropic protective effects on immature enterocytes including anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and developmental regulatory potentials in a region-dependent and an age-dependent manner. Quantitative transcriptomic analysis revealed a new mechanistic model in which STAT1 pathways play an important role in IL-1β-induced inflammation and ILA has a regulatory effect on STAT1 pathways. These studies were validated by real-time RT-qPCR and STAT1 inhibitor experiments. Different protective reactions of ILA between immature and mature enterocytes indicated that ILA’s effects are developmentally regulated. These findings may be helpful in preventing NEC for premature infants.

α2-Adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine protects septic acute kidney injury through increasing BMP-7 and inhibiting HDAC2 and HDAC5

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (10) ◽  
pp. F1443-F1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Hsi Hsing ◽  
Chiou-Feng Lin ◽  
Edmund So ◽  
Ding-Ping Sun ◽  
Tai-Chi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tnf Α

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 protects sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenoceptor (α2-AR) agonist, has anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the protective effects of DEX on sepsis-induced AKI and the expression of BMP-7 and histone deacetylases (HDACs). In vitro , the effects of DEX or trichostatin A (TSA, an HDAC inhibitor) on TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), BMP-7, and HDAC mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated rat renal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells, was determined using real-time PCR. In vivo, mice were intraperitoneally injected with DEX (25 μg/kg) or saline immediately and 12 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. Twenty-four hours after CLP, we examined kidney injury and renal TNF-α, MCP-1, BMP-7, and HDAC expression. Survival was monitored for 120 h. LPS increased HDAC2, HDAC5, TNF-α, and MCP-1 expression, but decreased BMP-7 expression in NRK52E cells. DEX treatment decreased the HDAC2, HDAC5, TNF-α, and MCP-1 expression, but increased BMP-7 and acetyl histone H3 expression, whose effects were blocked by yohimbine, an α2-AR antagonist. With DEX treatment, the LPS-induced TNF-α expression and cell death were attenuated in scRNAi-NRK52E but not BMP-7 RNAi-NRK52E cells. In CLP mice, DEX treatment increased survival and attenuated AKI. The expression of HDAC2, HDAC5, TNF-α, and MCP-1 mRNA in the kidneys of CLP mice was increased, but BMP-7 was decreased. However, DEX treatment reduced those changes. DEX reduces sepsis-induced AKI by decreasing TNF-α and MCP-1 and increasing BMP-7, which is associated with decreasing HDAC2 and HDAC5, as well as increasing acetyl histone H3.

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