scholarly journals The Associations of Caesarean Delivery With Risk of Wheezing Diseases and Changes of T Cells in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilei Lin ◽  
Shuhua Yuan ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Full Term Delivery

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the associations of caesarean delivery (CD) with risk of wheezing diseases and changes of immune cells in children.DesignThe cross-sectional study was conducted between May, 2020 and April, 2021.Setting and participantsThe study was conducted in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China. A total of 2079 children with a mean age of 36.97 ± 40.27 months and their guardians were included in the present study via face-to-face inquiry and physical examination by clinicians.MethodsLogistic regression was applied to estimate odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between CD and first episode of wheezing (FEW) or asthma. Models were adjusted for premature or full-term delivery, exclusive breastfeeding (at least 4 months) or not.ResultsAmong the 2079 children, 987 children (47.47%) were born by CD and 1092 (52.53%) by vaginal delivery (VD). Children delivered by caesarean had significantly lower gestational age (P<0.01) compared with those who delivered vaginally. Our results also showed that CD was related to increased risk of FEW by the age of 3(adjusted OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.06, 2.12) and increased tendency to develop asthma by the age of 4 (adjusted OR 3.16, 95%CI 1.25, 9.01). The subgroup analysis revealed that the negative effects of CD on asthma were more obvious in children without exclusive breastfeeding (adjusted OR 4.93, 95%CI 1.53, 21.96) or without postnatal smoking exposure (adjusted OR 3.58, 95%CI 1.20, 13.13). Furthermore, compared with children born through VD, a significant change of the T cells (increased proportion of CD4+ T cells and decreased number and proportion of CD8+ T cells) were observed before the age of one in the CD group. However, the changes were insignificant in children over 1 year old.ConclusionsThis study showed age-dependent associations of CD with asthma and FEW in offspring. Moreover, CD appeared to have an effect on the cellular immunity in infants, the disorder of which may contribute to the development of asthma in children.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Dexamethasone for Prevention of Intraoperative Shivering in Caesarean Delivery Under Subarachnoid Block

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 927-931
Author(s):  
Roshan Pradhan ◽  
Seema Kumari Mishra ◽  
Kanak Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subarachnoid Block ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
American Society

Introduction: Shivering is frequently seen after subarachnoid block. Subarachnoid block impairs the thermoregulation system by inhibiting tonic vasoconstriction with redistribution of blood flow and core heat from the trunk to the peripheral tissue. Intraoperative shivering leads to increase in oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. This causes an increase in heart rate, blood pressure resulting in exacerbation of ischemic heart disease, increased risk of hypoxemia, intraocular pressure, intracranial pressure, metabolic rate, lactic acidosis, pain at the surgical site and discomfort to the patient. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Dexamethasone in preventing intraoperative shivering in patients of cesarean delivery under subarachnoid block. Methodology: This was a hospital based prospective, comparative, cross sectional study which was conducted from February 2019 to July 2019 among 88 pregnant patients of age group 18 to 35 years old, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 and 2, posted for elective or emergency caesarean delivery at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital (BMCTH). Operation room temperature was recorded by a wall thermometer and maintained during surgery between 20 to 25 degree Celsius and intravenous fluids were kept at this temperature. Patients were divided into two equal groups. Group S (study group) patients received 2 ml or 8mg of dexamethasone IV (As a premedication before giving subarachnoid block) while group C (control group) patients received 2 ml of normal saline. If the patients shivered according to classification of shivering, the prophylaxis was regarded as ineffective. Results: Patients undergoing caesarean delivery under subarachnoid block had significantly reduced (p value = 0.002) intraopera tive shivering who received prophylactic dexamethasone (group S). Conclusion: The prophylactic use of 8mg i.v dexamethasone was significant in prevention of shivering in Nepalese population who underwent caesarean delivery under subarachnoid block.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Patients Visiting Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a major health issue of the developing world, especially in Pakistan. Chronic Hepatitis B leads to an increased risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and is a massive burden on the total health expenditure of the nation. However, in our country people lack knowledge regarding the HBV vaccine and its availability and have various other reasons for not getting vaccinated. The purpose of this research was to observe the attitude of patients visiting Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center towards Hepatitis B vaccination as well as the reasons put forward by those who choose not to get vaccinated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and awareness regarding HBV vaccination in patients visiting Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study that was conducted among patients who visited Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center. 300 participants were included. The data collection method was a face-to-face interview. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to recruit patients. We used a self-structured, close-ended questionnaire based on the Urdu language consisting of a total of 40 questions. Prior written consent was taken. Data entry and data analysis were done by using SPSS Version 20. Results: Out of 300 participants, 63.67% of respondents had acquired matriculation or higher education while the rest were either just primary pass or illiterate. 216(72%) of the participants were aware that HBV is highly prevalent in Pakistan. 135(45%) considered alcohol and smoking as a cause of HBV. Only 43(14.3%) participants had knowledge regarding the standard dosing regimen of the vaccine. Participants had awareness about prevention. 250 (83.3%) agreed that Hepatitis B vaccination is an effective method of prevention of Hepatitis B, while 59(19.6%) thought that the vaccine itself can cause Hepatitis infection. 190(63.3%) identified cost as a barrier for vaccination. Conclusion: People in Pakistan don’t have adequate knowledge about the mode of transmission of hepatitis, but they have good knowledge about preventive methods. The prevalent attitude is to not get vaccinated due to various reasons. Hence it is very important to spread awareness among people about HBV vaccination.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers of a teaching hospital in a highly endemic region in the Netherlands after the first wave: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e051573
Author(s):  
Maud Bouwman ◽  
Frits van Osch ◽  
Francy Crijns ◽  
Thera Trienekens ◽  
Jannet Mehagnoul-Schipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo study the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among hospital healthcare workers after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and provide more knowledge in the understanding of the relationship between infection, symptomatology and source of infection.DesignA cross-sectional study in healthcare workers.SettingNorthern Limburg, the Netherlands.ParticipantsAll employees of VieCuri Medical Center (n=3300) were invited to enrol in current study. In total 2507 healthcare workers participated.InterventionBetween 22 June 2020 and 3 July 2020, participants provided venous blood samples voluntarily, which were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ig total ELISA test. Work characteristics, exposure risks and prior symptoms consistent with COVID-19 were gathered through a survey.Main outcome measureProportion of healthcare workers with positive SARS-CoV-2 serology.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence was 21.1% (n=530/2507). Healthcare workers between 17 and 30 years were more likely to have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with participants >30 years. The probability of having SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was comparable for healthcare workers with and without direct patient (OR 1.42, 95% CI 0.86 to 2.34) and COVID-19 patient contact (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.80 to 3.33). On the contrary, exposure to COVID-19 positive coworkers (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.93) and household members (OR 6.09, 95% CI 2.23 to 16.64) was associated with seropositivity. Of those healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 16% (n=85/530) had not experienced any prior COVID-19-related symptoms. Only fever and anosmia were associated with seropositivity (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.55 and OR 10.51, 95% CI 7.86 to 14.07).ConclusionsHealthcare workers caring for hospitalised COVID-19 patients were not at an increased risk of infection, most likely as a result of taking standard infection control measures into consideration. These data show that compliance with infection control measures is essential to control secondary transmission and constrain the spread of the virus.

scholarly journals Pediatric Burns in the Bedouin Population in Southern Israel

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1842-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon D. Cohen ◽  
R. Gurfinkel ◽  
R. Glezinger ◽  
Y. Kriger ◽  
N. Yancolevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Burn trauma is an important public health concern, with increased risk for burns in children. A cross-sectional study was performed to describe the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for burns in hospitalized Bedouin children in Soroka University Medical Center during the years 2001–2002. In a population of 558 hospitalized burn-injured patients, 282 Bedouin children were identified. Two hundred and sixty five patients (94.0%) had burns involving less than 20% of the body surface area. Cause of the burns was scald in 190 patients (67.4%), fire in 80 patients (28.4%), chemical in 8 patients (2.8%), and explosion in 2 patients (0.7%). Two female patients (0.7%) aged 11 and 17 years died of their burns that were caused by fire. The mean length of hospitalization was 9.8 days. Pediatric burn injury has become a significant public health problem in the Bedouin population of the Negev. To reduce the burden of burn injury, it is necessary to increase current efforts in prevention of burns.

Cut off value of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for predicting metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Trong Nghia Nguyen ◽  
Thi Nhan Nguyen ◽  
Thi Dua Dao
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Key Words Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
And Control

Background: The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors that tend to cluster together in affected individuals more often than predicted by chance. The presence of the metabolic syndrome substantially increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and is associated with a range of adverse clinical outcomes, many of which are closely associated with aging. Current estimates suggest that approximately 20 - 25% of the world’s population is affected by the metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome rises with age and more than 45% of people aged over 60 years have the metabolic syndrome. Recent studies show that low vitamin D status is very common in the world and this is a risk factor of metabolic syndrome. Objective: (1) Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subjects with metabolic syndrome. (2) Cut off value of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for predicting metabolic syndrome. Material and method: A cross-sectional study with control group on 318 adult subjects for health examinations at International Medical Center at Hue Central Hospital, including 139 subjects with metabolic syndrome and control group of 179 healthy subjects. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the IDF, NHLBI, AHA, WHF, IAS, IASO (2009). Plasma hydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Reciever operating characteristic (ROC) curve were generated to assess sensitivity and specificity for different cut off value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for predicting metabolic syndrome. Results: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subjects with metabolic syndrome was 26.4 ng/ml, incidence of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency (59.7%) was significantly higher than in control group (23.5%) (p < 0.001). The optimal cut off point for 25-OH-D concentration for predictor of metabolic syndrome as 26.4 ng/ml (AUC=0.657, sensitivity=53.4%, specificity=71.6%). Conclusion: In 139 subjects with metabolic syndrome, the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 26.4 ng/ml and the incidence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in the metabolic syndrome group was 59.7%. The optimal cut off point for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for predictor of metabolic syndrome as 26.4 ng/ml. Key words: Metabolic syndrome, 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

Breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Panchayat in Pathanamthitta District

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswathy S. ◽  
Lakshmi M. K.
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Type Of Delivery ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

The study was aimed to assess the breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Gramapanchayat in Kerala. Study was a community based cross-sectional study among mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat using a pretested questionnaire. 142 breastfeeding mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat were studied and mothers who were not present at home during the study were excluded from the study. Study period consisted of 18 days between December 2015 and January 2016. Study variables includes type of delivery, initiation of breastfeeding, breastfeeding practices and role of ASHAs in promoting good breastfeeding practices. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson’s Chi-square test and T test. The study found that exclusive breastfeeding has been done by 68.3% of mothers. There is no practice of giving pre-lacteal feed, 95.8% of mothers have given colostrum to the new born. Statistically significant association was found between the type of delivery and time of initiation of breastfeeding (p less than 0.05). Time of initiation of breastfeeding was prolonged in case of Caesarean section. 49.3% of mothers have breastfed the baby within one hour. 55.6% of mothers were informed about importance of breastfeeding by ASHAs and only 20.4% of mothers were informed about period of exclusive breastfeeding and period of complimentary feeding by ASHAs.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and asymptomatic viral carriage in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Shields ◽  
Sian E Faustini ◽  
Marisol Perez-Toledo ◽  
Sian Jossi ◽  
Erin Aldera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo determine the rates of asymptomatic viral carriage and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers.DesignA cross-sectional study of asymptomatic healthcare workers undertaken on 24/25 April 2020.SettingUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHBFT), UK.Participants545 asymptomatic healthcare workers were recruited while at work. Participants were invited to participate via the UHBFT social media. Exclusion criteria included current symptoms consistent with COVID-19. No potential participants were excluded.InterventionParticipants volunteered a nasopharyngeal swab and a venous blood sample that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein antibodies, respectively. Results were interpreted in the context of prior illnesses and the hospital departments in which participants worked.Main outcome measureProportion of participants demonstrating infection and positive SARS-CoV-2 serology.ResultsThe point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 viral carriage was 2.4% (n=13/545). The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 24.4% (n=126/516). Participants who reported prior symptomatic illness had higher seroprevalence (37.5% vs 17.1%, χ2=21.1034, p<0.0001) and quantitatively greater antibody responses than those who had remained asymptomatic. Seroprevalence was greatest among those working in housekeeping (34.5%), acute medicine (33.3%) and general internal medicine (30.3%), with lower rates observed in participants working in intensive care (14.8%). BAME (Black, Asian and minority ethnic) ethnicity was associated with a significantly increased risk of seropositivity (OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.23, p=0.01). Working on the intensive care unit was associated with a significantly lower risk of seropositivity compared with working in other areas of the hospital (OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.78, p=0.02).Conclusions and relevanceWe identify differences in the occupational risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 between hospital departments and confirm asymptomatic seroconversion occurs in healthcare workers. Further investigation of these observations is required to inform future infection control and occupational health practices.

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