Simultaneous Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Antibiotic Growth Promoters by Stages Improved Intestinal Function of Pullets by Altering Gut Microbiota

Abstract Background Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are commonly used within poultry production to improve feed conversion, bird growth, and reduce morbidity and mortality from clinical and subclinical diseases. Due to the association between AGP usage and rising antimicrobial resistance, the industry has explored new strategies including the use of probiotics and other microbial-based interventions to promote the development of a healthy microbiome in birds and mitigate against infections associated with food safety and food security. While previous studies have largely focused on the ability of probiotics to protect against Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella enterica, much less is known concerning their impact on Campylobacter jejuni, a near commensal of the chicken gut microbiome that nevertheless is a major cause of food poisoning in humans. Results Here we compare the efficacy of four microbial interventions (two single strain probiotics, the bacterium—Pediococcus acidilactici, and the yeast—Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii; and two complex, competitive exclusion, consortia—Aviguard and CEL) to bacitracin, a commonly used AGP, to modulate chicken gut microbiota and subsequently impact C. jejuni infection in poultry. Cecal samples were harvested at 30- and 39-days post hatch to assess Campylobacter burden and examine their impact on the gut microbiota. While the different treatments did not significantly decrease C. jejuni burden relative to the untreated controls, both complex consortia resulted in significant decreases relative to treatment with bacitracin. Analysis of 16S rDNA profiles revealed a distinct microbial signature associated with each microbial intervention. For example, treatment with Aviguard and CEL increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Rikenellaceae respectively. Furthermore, Aviguard promoted a less complex microbial community compared to other treatments. Conclusions Depending upon the individual needs of the producer, our results illustrate the potential of each microbial interventions to serve flock-specific requirements.

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Evaluation of optimum inclusion levels of as replacement for antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens production under field conditions in Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v45i3.413 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

Author(s):

O. Moses ◽

P.A. Onimisi ◽

J.O. Jegede ◽

M. Afolayan

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Final Weight ◽

Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽

Test Of Significance ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Gpx Activity

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the response of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis as replacement for antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). A total of 510 day old Ross broiler chicks were allotted randomly to five dietary treatments each replicated thrice, with 34 chicks per replicate. Bacillus subtilis was included at 0, 75000, 150,000 and 225,000cfu/100 Kg diet for T1-T4, respectively while T5 had Oxytetracycline. Parameters collected were on growth performance, Haematology, liver function, immune response, Antioxidant capacity, villi Morphometrics and ceacum microbial contents. All data were subjected to analysis of variance and significant differences among treatment means were compared using the Turkey test of significance. The results for the starter phase showed birds on the antimicrobials had significantly (P0.05) different for the starter phase while significant (P0.05) difference in all parameters measured except for Glutathione peroxidase (GPx).The GPx activity was significantly (P< 0.05) higher for birds fed levels of Bacillus subtilis when compared with the control and AGP. The result for the finisher phase showed that Birds fed diet supplemented with 75,000 cfu showed best performance in terms of final weight, feed consumed, feed conversion and had the least cost of production. VilliMorphometric showed significant (P

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Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-020-01153-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Danish Sharafat Rajput ◽

Dong Zeng ◽

Abdul Khalique ◽

Samia Sharafat Rajput ◽

Hesong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Production Systems ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Gut Health ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽

Microbial Strains

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.

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The Biological Activity of Monarda didyma L. Essential Oil and Its Effect as a Diet Supplement in Mice and Broiler Chicken

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113368 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3368

Author(s):

Héloïse Côté ◽

André Pichette ◽

Alexis St-Gelais ◽

Jean Legault

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽

Monarda Didyma

The use of growth-promoting antibiotics in livestock faces increasing scrutiny and opposition due to concerns about the increased occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Alternative solutions are being sought, and plants of Lamiaceae may provide an alternative to synthetic antibiotics in animal nutrition. In this study, we extracted essential oil from Monarda didyma, a member of the Lamiaceae family. We examined the chemical composition of the essential oil and then evaluated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of M. didyma essential oil and its main compounds in vitro. We then evaluated the effectiveness of M. didyma essential oil in regard to growth performance, feed efficiency, and mortality in both mice and broilers. Carvacrol (49.03%) was the dominant compound in the essential oil extracts. M. didyma essential oil demonstrated antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (MIC = 87 µg·mL−1), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 47 µg·mL−1), and Clostridium perfringens (MIC = 35 µg·mL−1). Supplementing the diet of mice with essential oil at a concentration of 0.1% significantly increased body weight (+5.4%) and feed efficiency (+18.85%). In broilers, M. didyma essential oil significantly improved body weight gain (2.64%). Our results suggest that adding M. didyma essential oil to the diet of broilers offers a potential substitute for antibiotic growth promoters.

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Retraction Note: Antibiotic growth promoters virginiamycin and bacitracin methylene disalicylate alter the chicken intestinal metabolome

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82285-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ujvala Deepthi Gadde ◽

Sungtaek Oh ◽

Hyun S. Lillehoj ◽

Erik. P. Lillehoj

Keyword(s):

Growth Promoters ◽

Link Type ◽

Antibiotic Growth Promoters

Editor's Note: this Article has been retracted; the Retraction Note is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82285-2.

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A Review of the Effects and Production of Spore-Forming Probiotics for Poultry

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11071941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1941

Author(s):

Igor V. Popov ◽

Ammar Algburi ◽

Evgeniya V. Prazdnova ◽

Maria S. Mazanko ◽

Vladimir Elisashvili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

One Health ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Poultry Industry ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Wide Range ◽

Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽

Spore Forming Bacteria ◽

Unique Ability

One of the main problems in the poultry industry is the search for a viable replacement for antibiotic growth promoters. This issue requires a “one health” approach because the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in poultry can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which is a concern not only in animals, but for humans as well. One of the promising ways to overcome this challenge is found in probiotics due to their wide range of features and mechanisms of action for health promotion. Moreover, spore-forming probiotics are suitable for use in the poultry industry because of their unique ability, encapsulation, granting them protection from the harshest conditions and resulting in improved availability for hosts’ organisms. This review summarizes the information on gastrointestinal tract microbiota of poultry and their interaction with commensal and probiotic spore-forming bacteria. One of the most important topics of this review is the absence of uniformity in spore-forming probiotic trials in poultry. In our opinion, this problem can be solved by the creation of standards and checklists for these kinds of trials such as those used for pre-clinical and clinical trials in human medicine. Last but not least, this review covers problems and challenges related to spore-forming probiotic manufacturing.

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Investigations on the Effects of Dietary Essential Oils and Different Husbandry Conditions on the Gut Ecology in Piglets after Weaning

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2009/730809 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P. Janczyk ◽

R. Pieper ◽

V. Urubschurov ◽

K. R. Wendler ◽

W. B. Souffrant

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Distal Part ◽

Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Control Diet ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽

Polymerase Chain

Essential oils (EO) are being considered as possible alternatives to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters in pig nutrition. The effects of an EO mixture consisting of limonene, eugenol and pinene (10.0, 2.0, and 4.8 mg/kg diet, resp.) on gut physiology and ecology were studied in piglets. The experiment was conducted at low (commercial farm) and high hygienic conditions (experimental farm), to elucidate interactions between EO supplementation and husbandry methods. Piglets were weaned at 28 days of age, when they were offered either a control diet (C) or C with EO. Four piglets were sacrificed in each group on day 29, 30, 33 and 39. Digesta from the third distal part of the small intestine and from the colon were sampled and analysed for pH, dry matter, lactic acid, short chain fatty acids and ammonia concentrations. Enterobacteria, enterococci, lactobacilli and yeast counts were obtained by plating. Genomic DNA was extracted from digesta and polymerase chain reaction—denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was performed. Individual microbial communities were identified at each farm. Age affected the intestinal parameters. No effects of the EO with exception for a significant reduction in colon bacterial diversity at 39 days of age could be recorded at experimental farm.

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Combination of Chlorogenic Acid and Bamboo Charcoal Particles Improve Husbandry Performance and Environment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.142 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 356-360 ◽

pp. 142-145

Author(s):

Jian Hui Wang ◽

Dong Min Liu ◽

Yong Le Liu ◽

Chi Lin Li ◽

Fa Xiang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Bamboo Charcoal ◽

Serum Urea ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Serum Urea Nitrogen ◽

Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽

Ad Libitum

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of chlorogenic acid (CA) and bamboo charcoal particles activated by microwave (BCP) on performance, serum urea nitrogen and husbandry environment of broilers. The diets were devoid of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). Two hundred and forty Avian broilers were allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial experiment involving two levels of CA (0 or 1000 mg CA/kg feed), and two levels of BCP supplementation (0 or 100 mg/kg feed). The diets and water were offered ad libitum. The growth performance and serum urea nitrogen was significantly increased when CA supplemented (P<0.05), while BCP significantly affects the ammonia concentration of the husbandry environment (P<0.05). These results indicate that CA and BCP combination can effectively improve the performance and husbandry environment.

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