scholarly journals Hyperoxia Leads to Transient Endocrine Alterations in the Neonatal Rat During Postnatal Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kowallick Mirjam ◽  
Meray Serdar ◽  
Boyka Markova ◽  
Eva Salveridou ◽  
Ursula Felderhoff-Müser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pathogenetic Factor ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Hpt Axis ◽  
Endocrine Alterations

Introduction: High oxygen concentrations have been identified as one factor contributing to the pathogenesis of the retinopathia of prematurity, chronic lung disease of the preterm infant and preterm brain injury. Preterm infants also show short- and long-term alterations of the endocrine system. If hyperoxia is one pathogenetic factor has not been investigated yet. With regard to the high prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairments in preterm infants, the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the hypothalamus-pituitary-somatotropic (HPS) axis are of special interest due to their important role in neurodevelopment.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperoxia on the endocrine system in the neonatal rat by analyzing the activities of the HPT, HPA and HPS axes, respectively.Methods: Three-days old Wistar rats were exposed to hyperoxia (oxygen 80%, 48 h). On postnatal day 5 (P5) and P11, transcript levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), proopiomelanocortin and growth hormone (GH) were analyzed in pituitary sections by in situ hybridization. Serologic quantification of TSH and thyroxine (T4), adrenocorticotropic hormone and GH were performed by Multiplex analysis and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay.Results: At P5, significantly lower GH levels were observed in pituitaries (mRNA) and in sera of rats exposed to hyperoxia. Serum TSH was significantly elevated without changes in T4.Conclusion: This is the first study demonstrating transient endocrine alterations following hyperoxia in the neonatal rat making oxygen a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of endocrine alterations seen in preterm infants. Considering the detrimental multi-organ effects of hyperoxia on the immature organism, a rational use of therapeutic oxygen in the treatrnent of preterm infants is of utmost importance.

Congenital hypothyroidism in preterm infants: a 3- to 8-year longitudinal study in southern Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1275-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somchit Jaruratanasirikul ◽  
Waricha Janjindamai ◽  
Hutcha Sriplung
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Initial Dosage ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Hpt Axis

Abstract Background Preterm infants are at high risk of developing congenital hypothyroidism (CH) due to the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, loss of iodine supply from the mother and preterm health problems. Objectives To study the incidence and etiologies of CH in preterm infants who were born or admitted in our institute during 2010–2015. Methods The medical records of preterm infants diagnosed with CH as defined by the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level at the time of the first or second screening >10 mU/L and/or free T4 < 1.00 ng/dL were reviewed. Results Of 2777 preterm infants, 73 cases (2.6%) were diagnosed as CH. The average TSH levels at the first and second screenings were 20.85 and 15.42 mU/L, respectively. The patients were treated with thyroxine at an average initial dosage of 15 μg/kg/day. At 2–3 years of age, after thyroxine discontinuation for 6–10 weeks and regular thyroid function tests for 2 years, 58 patients (79.5%) were diagnosed as having transient CH and 15 patients (20.5%) were diagnosed as having permanent CH. We found no clinical or laboratory parameters in the neonatal period that could differentiate permanent from transient CH. Thyroid scintigraphy (99 m pertechnetate) revealed two patients (13.3%) with ectopic thyroid, one with thyroid hypoplasia (6.7%), eight with normal thyroid (53.3%) and four with enlarged thyroid (26.7%). Conclusions CH was common in preterm infants with an estimated incidence of 2.6%. Thyroxine should be given to preterm infants with higher initial values of TSH >10 mU/L in order to prevent delayed treatment of permanent CH that could be confirmed later.

scholarly journals Disruption of thyroid endocrine in zebrafish exposed to BDE-209

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Li ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Hpt Axis ◽  
Bde 209

AbstractPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDs) could adversely affect the thyroid endocrine system; previous studies report that BDE-209 has the potential effect on the fish thyroid endocrine system. In this study, we aimed to verify the bioconcentration and metabolism of BDE-209 in zebrafish. One day post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish embryos were treated with different concentrations of BDE-209 (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/L) until 10 dpf. BDE-209 was obviously accumulated in the zebrafish after 10 days exposure, and the metabolic products such as octa-BDE and nona-BDE were detected. After treated with BDE-209, the triiodthyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly decreased, suggesting that exposure to BDE-209 could disrupt the thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish. The transcriptional expression of genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis was altered. The mRNA expression levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHβ) were significantly increased. The mRNA expression of pax8 and nkx2.1 which regulate thyroid development and synthesis were also increased. These data indicated that BDE-209 could disrupt the thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish, which could be assessed by hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.

scholarly journals Maternal Vaginal Ureaplasma spp. Colonization in Early Pregnancy Is Associated with Adverse Short- and Long-Term Outcome of Very Preterm Infants

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Judith Rittenschober-Böhm ◽  
Tanja Habermüller ◽  
Thomas Waldhoer ◽  
Renate Fuiko ◽  
Stefan M. Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
Short And Long Term

Vaginal colonization with Ureaplasma (U.) spp. has been shown to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcome; however, data on neonatal outcome are scarce. The aim of the study was to investigate whether maternal vaginal colonization with U. spp. in early pregnancy represents a risk factor for adverse short- or long-term outcome of preterm infants. Previously, 4330 pregnant women were enrolled in an observational multicenter study, analyzing the association between vaginal U. spp. colonization and spontaneous preterm birth. U. spp. colonization was diagnosed via PCR analysis from vaginal swabs. For this study, data on short-term outcome were collected from medical records and long-term outcome was examined via Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 24 months adjusted age. Two-hundred-and-thirty-eight children were born <33 weeks gestational age. After exclusion due to asphyxia, malformations, and lost-to-follow-up, data on short-term and long-term outcome were available from 222 and 92 infants, respectively. Results show a significant association between vaginal U. spp. colonization and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (10.4% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.03), retinopathy of prematurity (21.7% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.03), and adverse psychomotor outcome (24.3% vs. 1.8%, OR 13.154, 95%CI 1.6,110.2, p = 0.005). The data suggest an association between vaginal U. spp. colonization in early pregnancy and adverse short- and long-term outcome of very preterm infants.

Prevalence of Misconceptions about Diabetes and their Association with Metabolic and Psychological Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Hernández-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Educational Assistance ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Lower Educational Level ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Glucose Management

Objective: To evaluate misconceptions about diabetes in people who attend the first visit at the CAIPaDi program, as well as its association with metabolic and psychological variables at short and long term. Methods and Analysis: The frequency of misconceptions in diabetes was determined through a true/false survey. We compared sociodemographic, metabolic and psychological variables between people with and without misconceptions at baseline, at 3 months and 1 year after a multidisciplinary educational program. Results: 902 participants answered the survey, with an age of 50 ±10 years old, 54.3% were women, with 1 (0-5) years living with type 2 diabetes. At baseline, 53% of the participants had at least 1 misconception, being more frequent in women (p=0.045) and in population with lower educational level (p<0.001). The most common were "emotional stress and fright cause diabetes" (34.4%), "in the control of my diabetes only matters glucose management" (15.2%) and "women with diabetes should not get pregnant" (11.8%). At basal, patients with misconceptions had higher HbA1c (9.0 ± 2.6 vs 8.4 ± 2.4, p <0.001), lower quality of life (DQOL 95.2 ± 26.2 vs 90.2 ± 23.6, p = 0.03), more problematic areas in diabetes (41.2 [21.2-58.4] vs 35 [17.5-52.6], p = 0.01), more depression (42.6% vs 32.9%, p = 0.003) and anxiety (58.6% vs 40.6%, p = 0.001) compared to patients without misconceptions. With the exception of HbA1c (6.6 ± 1 vs 6.4 ± 0.8, p = 0.025 at 1 year), no differences were observed in the annual visits. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of people with misconceptions in diabetes. This group had worst glycaemic control, higher scores in PAID questionnaire, lower quality of life and more depression and anxiety symptoms. Participants with misconceptions had lower educational level. An educative program an educational assistance program can minimize differences by eradicating misconceptions.

scholarly journals Influence of category, herd size, grazing and management on epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhoea in dairy herds

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Bedeković ◽  
Nina Lemo ◽  
Ljubo Barbić ◽  
Željko Cvetnić ◽  
Ivana Lojkić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
High Prevalence

The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of category, herd size, common grazing and management as risk factors in maintaining bovine viral diarrhoea infection in dairy herds. A total of 987 sera samples obtained from 202 heifers, 653 cows and 132 calves from 103 herds in Croatia were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In order to establish the prevalence of persistently infected cattle, 35 herds were selected. Ear notch tissue samples from all animals in selected herds (n = 2284) were collected and analyzed by antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The true prevalence of specific antibodies was 61.61% and the estimated prevalence of exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus at the herd level was 100%. The prevalence of persistently infected animals was 0.53% and the prevalence of persistently infected herds was 20%. The antibodies prevalence was higher in cows, in herds that use common pasture and in larger herds (P < 0.001). The prevalence of persistently infected animals was not connected with the herd size but production management on big farms contributed to maintaining the virus. The obtained results suggest that production management was an important risk factor in bovine viral diarrohea epidemiology. High prevalence of antibodies and high prevalence of persistently infected herds requires implementation of control and eradication programs at a national or even regional level. The presented data complete the BVD epidemiological investigations from this part of Europe.

scholarly journals Impact of the Neuregulin rs35753505 C/T Polymorphisms on Neuregulin 1 Levels in Preterm Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1931-1934
Author(s):  
Bugis Mardina Lubis ◽  
Sjarif Hidajat Effendi ◽  
Ratna Akbari Ganie ◽  
Oke Rina Ramayani
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neuregulin 1 ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Neuregulin (NRG) 1 plays an important role in the development of various organ systems in human. Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs35753505 C/Tof the gene encoding NRG1 evident as allele C and T with genotypes of CT, CC, and TT are believed to have an impact on NRG1 levels.AIM: To determine the impact of the NRGrs35753505 C/T polymorphisms on NRG1 levels in preterm infants.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to December 2018, whereas 48 eligible preterm infants with a gestational age of 32- < 37 weeks were enrolled. An umbilical cord blood specimen was collected for determination of NRG1 levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and NRG1 polymorphisms with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was performed with 95%CI and P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Median value of NRG1 levels (174.4 pg/ml) served as a cut off value. NRG 1 polymorphisms composed distribution of CC (31%), CT (42%), TT (27%) genotypes and distribution of C and T alleles were 52% and 48%. The median NRG1 levels in CC and CT genotypes were significantly lower compared to TT genotype (151.1 pg/ml vs 407.2 pg/ml, P = 0.005 and 159.1 pg/ml vs 407.2 pg/ml, P = 0.009). Subjects with C allele had significantly lower median NRG1 levels than T allele (151.1 pg/ml vs 407.2 pg/ml, P = 0.002). Subjects with CC and CT genotypes had higher risk to develop lower NRG1 levels compared to TT genotype (OR = 8.25, P = 0.016 and OR = 10.74, P = 0.005, respectively).CONCLUSION: Allele C is associated with lower NRG1 levels. Preterm infants with CC and CT genotypes pose a higher risk to have lower NRG1 levels.

scholarly journals Status of Thyroid Function among Patients of National Medical College and Teaching Hospital

Med Phoenix ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Anup Shamsher Budhathoki ◽  
Suprita Gupta ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Sah ◽  
Navin Kumar Sah ◽  
Navin Kumar Sah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
National Medical College ◽  
Medical College ◽  
National Medical ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrinopathies after Diabetes Mellitus. Thyroid dysfunction is defined as the alteration in Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) with normal or abnormal thyroid hormones. Nepalese population have a high risk for thyroid dysfunction with a high prevalence of iodine deficiency. Objective: To study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the patients visiting National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal for checkup and suggested to assess thyroid function. Materials and Methods: The hospital-based study was conducted in Central Laboratory, National Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Birgunj in collaboration with the Department of Biochemistry. Total 7040 patients visiting Central Laboratory for thyroid function assessment were included in the study between July 2017 to December 2019. The venous blood sample was collected and serum-free triiodothyronine(fT3), free tetraiodothyronine(fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was estimated by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) method using Access 2 Beckman Coulter analyser. (Beckman Coulter Inc., California, USA). Results: Among 7040 subjects under study, 2138(30%) were found to have thyroid dysfunction with 13% having subclinical hypothyroidism, about 8% of overt hypothyroidism, about 4% with subclinical hyperthyroidism and 5% with overt hyperthyroidism. Majority of the thyroid dysfunction study group belonged to the 16-30 years age group followed by 31-45 years. Mean±SE for TSH, fT4 and fT3 levels show statistically significant differences in different thyroid disorders. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism followed by overt hypothyroidism among the patients visiting National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal. A higher percentage of females were found to have thyroid dysfunction compared to male.

Abstract T P188: High Prevalence Of Igm Anti-phosphatidylserine-prothrombin Complex Antibodies And Lupus Anticoagulant In Patients With Non-lacunar Ischemic Stroke Without A Determined Cause

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisuke Furui ◽  
Ryo Itabashi ◽  
Yukako Yazawa ◽  
Masahide Yamazaki ◽  
Satoru Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lacunar Stroke ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Carotid Ultrasonography ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
High Prevalence

Background and Purpose: The cause of ischemic stroke remains undetermined in about 25% of patients even after appropriate studies. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease in which vascular thrombosis occurs in patients with antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies. Anti-phosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex (aPS/PT) antibodies are reported to be associated with symptoms of APS and lupus anticoagulant (LAC) activity. Correlations between ischemic stroke and IgM aPS/PT antibodies have not been well investigated. We tried to explore possible correlations between non-lacunar ischemic stroke without a determined cause and aPL antibodies. Methods: Diagnostic studies consisted of brain MRI/CT, extracranial and intracranial MRA, carotid ultrasonography, 12-lead ECG, 24-hour ECG, transthoracic echo cardiography, transesophageal echo cardiography and venous ultrasonography. After excluding lacunar stroke, proximal arterial stenosis and caridoembolic sources with all these diagnositc studies, we selected 22 non-lacunalr ischemic stroke patients without a determined cause (age 48.5 +/- 14.4 years; 9 woman). We preliminarily measured IgG and IgM anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies, IgG and IgM aPS/PT antibodies, anti-beta2-glycoprotein I-dependent cardiolipin (anti-beta2 GPI/CL) antibodies and LAC. aCL, aPS/PT, and anti-beta2 GPI/CL antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. LAC was determined according to the Subcommittee on Lupus Anticoagulant/Phospholipid Dependent Antibody guidelines. Results: IgM aPS/PT antibodies, LAC, and both of them were detected in 10, 7, and 3 patients, respectively. Neither aCL nor anti-beta2 GPI/CL antibodies were identified in all patients. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate a high prevalence of IgM aPS/PT antibodies and LAC in patients with non-lacunar ischemic stroke without a determined cause. IgM aPS/PT antibodies and LAC might play some role in the development of ischemic stroke of these patients.

Glucocorticosteroids effects on brain development in the preterm infants: a role for microglia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinni Manuela ◽  
Pansiot Julien ◽  
Elodie Billion ◽  
Baud Olivier ◽  
Mairesse Jérôme
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Abnormal Brain

: Prematurity, observed in 15 million births worldwide each year, is a clinical condition that is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in short and long term. Preterm infants are at high risk for developing respiratory problems, sepsis, and other morbidities leading to neurodevelopmental impairment and neurobehavioral disorders. Perinatal glucocorticosteroids have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of adverse outcomes linked to prematurity. However, despite their shortterm benefits due to their maturational properties, some clinical trials have shown an association between steroids exposure and abnormal brain development in infants born preterm. Neuroinflammation has emerged as a preeminent factor for brain injury in preterm infants, and the major role of microglia, the brain resident immune cells, has been recently highlighted. Considering the role of microglia in the modulation of brain development, the aim of this review is to summarize the effects of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticosteroids on brain development and discuss the possible role of microglia as a mediator of these effects.

Ageing, multimorbidity, and daily functioning

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Barbara Gryglewska ◽  
Karolina Piotrowicz ◽  
Tomasz Grodzicki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Clinical Measures

Multimorbidity is defined as any combination of a chronic disease with at least one other acute or chronic disease or biopsychosocial or somatic risk factor. Old age is a leading risk factor for multimorbidity. It has a negative impact on short- and long-term prognosis, patients’ cognitive and functional performance, self-care, independence, and quality of life. It substantially influences patients’ clinical management and increases healthcare-related costs. There is a great variety of clinical measures to assess multimorbidity; some are presented in this chapter. Despite its high prevalence in older adults, clinical guidelines for physicians managing patients with multimorbidity are underdeveloped and insufficient.

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