scholarly journals The Prevalence of Insufficient Sleep and Bedtime Delay Among Kindergarten Children Aged 3 to 6 Years in a Rural Area of Shanghai: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yan Qiang ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Qingqing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Only Child ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tv Watching

Introduction: Sleep deprivation in children is a global public health problem that affects the physical and mental development of children. Bedtime delay induced by longer screen time and heavy study load is a common cause of sleep deprivation in children. However, the prevalence of insufficient sleep and bedtime delay and related influencing factors among kindergarten children is limited in Shanghai, China.Methods: In 2018, we selected 8,586 children aged 3 to 6 years and their parents in Songjiang District, Shanghai. Data was collected among parents by face-to-face questionnaire interview with signed informed consent. We defined insufficient sleep as those who slept for < 10 h in children aged 3–5 years or 9 h in children aged 6 years within 24 h, and we define bedtime delay as children with bedtime after 21:00. SAS 9.1.3 software was used to calculate the prevalence of bedtime delay and insufficient sleep, and logistic regression was used to explore potential influencing factors.Results: The prevalence of insufficient sleep and bedtime delay among children aged 3 to 6 years was 11.67 and 56.85%, respectively. The prevalence of insufficient sleep among boys was slightly higher than among girls [odds ratio (OR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.35]. With the increase of the age of children, the prevalence of insufficient sleep increased gradually (P < 0.05). The prevalence of insufficient sleep was higher among the only child in the family (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.36) and those with longer hours of TV watching (OR = 109, 95% CI: 1.02–1.16). Meanwhile, the prevalence of bedtime delay was also higher among the only child in the family (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06–1.79), among those with parents accompanying for sleep (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10-1.34), and those with longer TV watching time (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07–1.18).Conclusions: Insufficient sleep and bedtime delay were prevalent in Chinese children aged 3 to 6 years, especially in boys and older children. TV watching as well as parents accompanying for sleep were associated with insufficient sleep and bedtime delay. We recommend that parents should limit the screen time of children, advocate earlier bedtime and later morning wake-up among children, as well as make their children sleep in separate beds or rooms in younger age.

scholarly journals A Study of Propensity Score on Influencing Factors of Length of Stay in Hospitalized Patients with Burns

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xiahong Li ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Huiting Yu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Record System ◽  
Study Objective

Background: Burns are a global public health problem, which are universal and can happen to anyone. Because the physical functions in children and adults are different, the confounding factors are easy to affect the results of study. Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore influencing factors of the length of hospital stay (LOS) when the confounding factors were excluded by Propensity Score (PS) in children and adults. Methods: Patients hospitalized for burn from 2014 to 2016 were retrieved from the medical record system of a general biggest hospital in Zunyi. A database was established to analyze the influencing factors of LOS between children and adults by the PS. Results A total of 465 children (61.7% males) and 327 (69.7% males) adults were recruited. The average age was 3.61±3.57 years and 42.48±14.76 years in children and adults with burns respectively. Before PS matching, low age and skin grafting were the protective factors for LOS (Hazard Ratio [HR]=0.993 and 0.339). The risk factors of LOS were male (HR=1.234), the burn depth and total body surface area (TBSA), and burn etiology (HR=1.497). After PS matching, only skin grafting (HR=0.080) and treatment within 24 hours (HR=1.865) were the common influencing factors of LOS. Conclusion the confounding factors were excluded by the PS method, and skin grafting was still a protective factor of LOS for both children and adults. The results provide a reference for the promotion of skin grafting to reduce LOS in burn patients.

scholarly journals The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on domestic violence: The dark side of home isolation during quarantine

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Antonio Sacco ◽  
Fiorella Caputo ◽  
Pietrantonio Ricci ◽  
Francesco Sicilia ◽  
Luigi De Aloe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Family ◽  
Type Of Abuse ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Domestic violence is a global public health problem. It takes many different forms and leads to significant physical and psychological consequences for the victim and the whole family. Situations that may prompt episodes of violence in the family include stress, emotional disappointment, economic factors, bad and cramped housing, and alcohol or drug abuse. How does the government’s forced home isolation to contain Covid-19 infections impact on this type of abuse? Numerous articles have reported a decrease in reports of domestic violence since quarantine began but how reliable is these data? Is it a potential wake-up call for public institutions? We discuss the risks associated with quarantine measures during the pandemic and suggest the measures to prevent and improve the reporting of abuse cases.

Modulation of the drug resistance by Platonia insignis Mart. extract, ethyl acetate fraction and Morelloflavone/Volkensiflavone (biflavonoids) in Staphylococcus aureus strains overexpressing efflux pump genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Kelly Ferreira e Silva ◽  
Antonielly Campinho dos Reis ◽  
Emanuelly Elanny Andrade Pinheiroc ◽  
Jonas Nascimento de Sousa ◽  
Felipe Araújo de Alcântara Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations

Background: Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a global public health problem, which requires urgent attention. Platonia insignis is a native species from the eastern Brazilian Amazon, used in the treatment of burns and wounds. Objectives: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of P. insignis (PIHA), the ethyl acetate fraction (PIAE), and its subfraction containing a mixture of biflavonoids (BF). Moreover, the effect of these natural products on the antibiotic activity against S. aureus strains overexpressing efflux pump genes was also evaluated. Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined against different species of microorganisms. To evaluate the modulatory effect on the Norfloxacin-resistance, the MIC of this antibiotic was determined in the absence and presence of the natural products at subinhibitory concentrations. Inhibition of the EtBr efflux assays were conducted in the absence or presence of the natural products. Results: PIHA showed a microbicidal effect against S. aureus and C. albicans, while PIAE was bacteriosctatic for S. aureus. PIAE and BF at subinhibitory concentrations were able to reduce the MIC of Norfloxacin acting as modulating agents. BF was able to inhibit the efflux of EtBr efflux in S. aureus strains overexpressing specific efflux pump genes. Conclusion: P. inignisis a source of efflux pump inhibitors, including volkensiflavone and morelloflavone which were able to potentiate the Norfloxacin activity by NorA inhibition, being also able to inhibit QacA/B, TetK and MsrA. Volkensiflavone and morelloflavone could be used as adjuvant in the antibiotic therapy of multidrug resistant S. aureus strains overexpressing efflux pumps.

4H-1,3-Benzothiazin-4-one a Promising Class Against MDR/XDR-TB

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza ◽  
Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Latent Disease ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Chemical Class ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) is an important global public health problem, being responsible for millions of TB-related deaths worldwide. Due to the increased number of cases and resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to all drugs used for the treatment of this disease, we desperately need new drugs and strategies that could reduce treatment time with fewer side effects, reduced cost and highly active drugs against resistant strains and latent disease. Considering that, 4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one is a promising class of antimycobacterial agents in special against TB-resistant strains being the aim of this review the discussion of different aspects of this chemical class such as synthesis, mechanism of action, medicinal chemistry and combination with other drugs.

Application of Inherent Risk of Contagion (IRC) framework & modelling to aid local Covid-19 response & mitigation: Viewpoint (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmi Zakariah ◽  
Fadzilah bt Kamaluddin ◽  
Choo-Yee Ting ◽  
Hui-Jia Yee ◽  
Shereen Allaham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Inherent Risk ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

UNSTRUCTURED The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 has been a major global public health problem threatening many countries and territories. Mathematical modelling is one of the non-pharmaceutical public health measures that plays a crucial role for mitigating the risk and impact of the pandemic. A group of researchers and epidemiologists have developed a machine learning-powered inherent risk of contagion (IRC) analytical framework to georeference the COVID-19 with an operational platform to plan response & execute mitigation activities. This framework dataset provides a coherent picture to track and predict the COVID-19 epidemic post lockdown by piecing together preliminary data on publicly available health statistic metrics alongside the area of reported cases, drivers, vulnerable population, and number of premises that are suspected to become a transmission area between drivers and vulnerable population. The main aim of this new analytical framework is to measure the IRC and provide georeferenced data to protect the health system, aid contact tracing, and prioritise the vulnerable.

Perceived Experiences of Community Violence Among Adolescents: A School Survey From Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110051
Author(s):  
Claudia L. de Moraes ◽  
Érika B. dos Santos ◽  
Michael E. Reichenheim ◽  
Stella R. Taquette ◽  
Luciane Stochero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interpersonal Aggression ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Management Actions

Community violence (CV) is a global public health problem due to its high frequency and severe consequences. Although CV is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents, little is known about the everyday CV situations that do not lead to death. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of exposure to and involvement in CV situations among adolescent students from public and private schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study of 693 individuals in their second year of high school selected through stratified multistage random sampling. Information about their exposure to and involvement in CV was collected through a self-completed multidimensional questionnaire in the classrooms. For approximately 30% of the adolescents, someone close to them had been murdered, and 40% had already seen the corpse of a victim of homicide. Seventeen percent reported having been directly involved in CV situations. Approximately 38%, 13%, and 25% had been victims of robberies, interpersonal aggression, and death threats to either themselves or their relatives, respectively. Many of these situations occurred more than once. In general, CV was more frequently reported by boys and by those who did not live with both parents. Adolescents from higher economic classes experienced more interpersonal aggression and felt a greater need to carry a gun. Those who belonged to the lower economic classes and studied in public schools were more exposed to lethal violence than other students. The results call attention to the very high percentage of adolescent students that are involved in CV situations as well as to the differences in violence rates among population subgroups. Such findings should be considered when planning CV prevention and management actions in schools and other socialization spaces for adolescents.

scholarly journals Associations between gestational diabetes mellitus and the neurodevelopment of offspring from 1 month to 72 months: study protocol for a cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e040305
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Yixi Cai ◽  
Bin Peng ◽  
Yongfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Open Access Journals

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common gestational disease and an important global public health problem. GDM may affect the short-term and long-term health of offspring, but the associations between GDM and the neurodevelopment of offspring of mothers with GDM (OGDM) are still unclear, and studies based on the Chinese population are lacking. We aim to determine the associations between GDM and the neurodevelopment of OGDM by studying a cohort of OGDM and offspring of non-GDM mothers.Methods and analysisThe single-centre prospective cohort study is being conducted in China over 7 years. A total of 490 OGDM (GDM group) and 490 fromof healthy mothers (control group) will be enrolled during the same period. Baseline characteristics, neuropsychological development scores and clinical data at specific time points (at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 months old) will be collected from the children in both groups until the age of 6 years. The associations between GDM and the neurodevelopment of OGDM from infancy to preschool age will be analysed using a multiple linear regression model adjusted for confounders. In addition, we will compare longitudinal data to further assess the effects of GDM on neurodevelopmental trajectories.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Approval Number: (2019) Institutional Review Board (IRB) (STUDY) No. 85). The findings of this study will be disseminated through open access journals, peer-reviewed journals and scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT03997396.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pharmacogenetic Studies in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4480
Author(s):  
Maria Tziastoudi ◽  
Georgios Pissas ◽  
Georgios Raptis ◽  
Christos Cholevas ◽  
Theodoros Eleftheriadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Additive Inheritance

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global public health problem due to its high prevalence and morbidity. Although the treatment of nephrology patients has changed considerably, ineffectiveness and side effects of medications represent a major issue. In an effort to elucidate the contribution of genetic variants located in several genes in the response to treatment of patients with CKD, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available pharmacogenetics studies. The association between genotype distribution and response to medication was examined using the dominant, recessive, and additive inheritance models. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity was also performed. In total, 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which examined the association of 11 genes (16 polymorphisms) with the response to treatment regarding CKD. Among the 29 studies, 18 studies included patients with renal transplantation, 8 involved patients with nephrotic syndrome, and 3 studies included patients with lupus nephritis. The present meta-analysis provides strong evidence for the contribution of variants harbored in the ABCB1, IL-10, ITPA, MIF, and TNF genes that creates some genetic predisposition that reduces effectiveness or is associated with adverse events of medications used in CKD.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Muslim Students, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110134
Author(s):  
Chutima Rattanawan ◽  
Suraiya Cheloh ◽  
Asma Maimahad ◽  
Malatee Tayeh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia is a global public health problem. The prevalence of anemia among different ages, genders or ethnic groups must be clarified in order to solve problems. This study proposed to determine the prevalence and factors related to anemia among the Muslim school-age population in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from 200 school-age subjects. The thalassemia screening was performed with KKU-OF and KKU-DCIP reagents. The prevalence of anemia in this study was 36.5%, divided into males and females, 33.3% and 39.1%, respectively. The means of Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in the anemic group were significantly lower. The positive results for KKU-OF or KKU-DCIP or both were 15.0%, 2.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. The result of positive OF test was a significantly independent factor for anemia. The number of family members was 5 to 7 and more than 7 persons are related factors for anemia in this study. In summary, the contribution of thalassemia and socio-economic factor are associated factors to anemia in this population. These findings should be addressed in public health strategies for the control of anemia of school-aged Muslims in the region.

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