scholarly journals 2-Dodecyl-6-Methoxycyclohexa-2,5-Diene-1,4-Dione Ameliorates Diabetic Cognitive Impairment Through Inhibiting Hif3α and Apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Wang ◽  
Jinjin Cao ◽  
Qianqian Xu ◽  
Xiaomei Lu ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Neuronal Apoptosis ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Ht22 Cells ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Associated Proteins

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Although the etiology of diabetic cognitive impairment is complex and multifactorial, the hippocampus neuronal apoptosis is recognized as a main cause of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. 2-Dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (DMDD) was purified from the roots of Averrhoa carambola L. Previous research demonstrated that DMDD was safe and effective in delaying some diabetic complications. However, the efficacy of DMDD to ameliorate diabetic cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mice has not been reported. In the present study, the behavioral evaluation was performed by Y maze and novel object recognition in db/db mice. Gene expression profiles were detected using mouse lncRNA microarray analysis in the hippocampi of db/db mice. Changes in the neurodegeneration-associated proteins and the apoptosis-related proteins were determined in both db/db mice and high glucose-treated HT22 cells by Western blotting. We observed that DMDD treatment significantly ameliorated the spatial working memory and object recognition memory impairment in db/db mice. Further study showed that neurodegeneration-associated protein tau was decreased after DMDD treatment in the hippocampi of db/db mice. Eleven lncRNAs and four mRNAs including pro-apoptotic gene Hif3a were significantly differently expressed after DMDD treatment in the hippocampi of db/db mice. The expression of Hif3a, cleaved parp, and caspase 3 proteins was significantly increased in the hippocampi of diabetic db/db mice compared with db/m control mice and then decreased after DMDD treatment. Similar beneficial effects of DMDD were observed in HG-treated HT22 cells. These data indicate that DMDD can alleviate cognitive impairment by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through decreasing the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Hif3a. In conclusion, our study suggests that DMDD has great potential to be a new preventive and therapeutic compound for diabetic cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Effects of Pueraria candollei var mirifica (Airy Shaw and Suvat.) Niyomdham on Ovariectomy-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress in the Mouse Brain

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3442
Author(s):  
Yaowared Chulikhit ◽  
Wichitsak Sukhano ◽  
Supawadee Daodee ◽  
Waraporn Putalun ◽  
Rakvajee Wongpradit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Pueraria Mirifica ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
17Β Estradiol

The effects of the phytoestrogen-enriched plant Pueraria mirifica (PM) extract on ovari-ectomy (OVX)-induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal oxidative stress in mice were investigated. Daily treatment with PM and 17β-estradiol (E2) significantly elevated cognitive behavior as evaluated by using the Y maze test, the novel object recognition test (NORT), and the Morris water maze test (MWM), attenuated atrophic changes in the uterus and decreased serum 17β-estradiol levels. The treatments significantly ameliorated ovariectomy-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus and serum by a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), an enhancement of superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity, including significantly down-regulated expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines, while up-regulating expression of PI3K. The present results suggest that PM extract suppresses oxidative brain damage and dysfunctions in the hippocampal antioxidant system, including the neuroinflammatory system in OVX animals, thereby preventing OVX-induced cognitive impairment. The present results indicate that PM exerts beneficial effects on cognitive deficits for which menopause/ovariectomy have been implicated as risk factors.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Modification in the Cerebral Cortex following Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: RNA-Sequencing Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Holmes ◽  
Seung Ho Jung ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Jessica A. Wagner ◽  
Liudmilla Rubbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Current Intensity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to modulate neuroplasticity. Beneficial effects are observed in patients with psychiatric disorders and enhancement of brain performance in healthy individuals has been observed following tDCS. However, few studies have attempted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of tDCS in the brain. This study was conducted to assess the impact of tDCS on gene expression within the rat cerebral cortex. Anodal tDCS was applied at 3 different intensities followed by RNA-sequencing and analysis. In each current intensity, approximately 1,000 genes demonstrated statistically significant differences compared to the sham group. A variety of functional pathways, biological processes, and molecular categories were found to be modified by tDCS. The impact of tDCS on gene expression was dependent on current intensity. Results show that inflammatory pathways, antidepressant-related pathways (GTP signaling, calcium ion binding, and transmembrane/signal peptide pathways), and receptor signaling pathways (serotonergic, adrenergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, and glutamate) were most affected. Of the gene expression profiles induced by tDCS, some changes were observed across multiple current intensities while other changes were unique to a single stimulation intensity. This study demonstrates that tDCS can modify the expression profile of various genes in the cerebral cortex and that these tDCS-induced alterations are dependent on the current intensity applied.

scholarly journals Identification of Tissue-Restricted Transcripts in Human Islets

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (10) ◽  
pp. 4513-4521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Maffei ◽  
Zhuoru Liu ◽  
Piotr Witkowski ◽  
Federica Moschella ◽  
Giovanna Del Pozzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Human Islets ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Associated Proteins

Abstract The purpose of our study was to identify transcripts specific for tissue-restricted, membrane-associated proteins in human islets that, in turn, might serve as markers of healthy or diseased islet cell masses. Using oligonucleotide chips, we obtained gene expression profiles of human islets for comparison with the profiles of exocrine pancreas, liver, and kidney tissue. As periislet presence of type 1 interferon is associated with the development of type 1 diabetes, the expression profile of human islets treated ex vivo with interferon-α2β (IFNα2β) was also determined. A set of genes encoding transmembrane- or membrane-associated proteins with novel islet-restricted expression was resolved by determining the intersection of the islet set with the complement of datasets obtained from other tissues. Under the influence of IFNα2β, the expression levels of transcripts for several of the identified gene products were up- or down-regulated. One of the islet-restricted gene products identified in this study, vesicular monoamine transporter type 2, was shown to bind [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine, a ligand with derivatives suitable for positron emission tomography imaging. We report here the first comparison of gene expression profiles of human islets with other tissues and the identification of a target molecule with possible use in determining islet cell masses.

scholarly journals Exogenous Flupirtine as Potential Treatment for CLN3 Disease

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1872
Author(s):  
Katia Maalouf ◽  
Joelle Makoukji ◽  
Sara Saab ◽  
Nadine J. Makhoul ◽  
Angelica V. Carmona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cln3 Disease

CLN3 disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting children. Hallmarks include brain atrophy, accelerated neuronal apoptosis, and ceramide elevation. Treatment regimens are supportive, highlighting the importance of novel, disease-modifying drugs. Flupirtine and its new allyl carbamate derivative (compound 6) confer neuroprotective effects in CLN3-deficient cells. This study lays the groundwork for investigating beneficial effects in Cln3Δex7/8 mice. WT/Cln3Δex7/8 mice received flupirtine/compound 6/vehicle for 14 weeks. Short-term effect of flupirtine or compound 6 was tested using a battery of behavioral testing. For flupirtine, gene expression profiles, astrogliosis, and neuronal cell counts were determined. Flupirtine improved neurobehavioral parameters in open field, pole climbing, and Morris water maze tests in Cln3Δex7/8 mice. Several anti-apoptotic markers and ceramide synthesis/degradation enzymes expression was dysregulated in Cln3Δex7/8 mice. Flupirtine reduced astrogliosis in hippocampus and motor cortex of male and female Cln3Δex7/8 mice. Flupirtine increased neuronal cell counts in male mice. The newly synthesized compound 6 showed promising results in open field and pole climbing. In conclusion, flupirtine improved behavioral, neuropathological and biochemical parameters in Cln3Δex7/8 mice, paving the way for potential therapies for CLN3 disease.

Epigenetic tête-à-tête: the bilateral relationship between chromatin modifications and DNA methylationThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 27th International West Coast Chromatin and Chromosome Conference, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. D’Alessio ◽  
Moshe Szyf
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Covalent Modification ◽  
Associated Proteins

The epigenome, which comprises chromatin, associated proteins, and the pattern of covalent modification of DNA by methylation, sets up and maintains gene expression programs. It was originally believed that DNA methylation was the dominant reaction in determining the chromatin structure. However, emerging data suggest that chromatin can affect DNA methylation in both directions, triggering either de novo DNA methylation or demethylation. These events are particularly important for the understanding of cellular transformation, which requires a coordinated change in gene expression profiles. While genetic alterations can explain some of the changes, the important role of epigenetic reprogramming is becoming more and more evident. Cancer cells exhibit a paradoxical coexistence of global loss of DNA methylation with regional hypermethylation.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles of Rat Tissues after Mild and Short-Term Calorie Restrictions

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2277
Author(s):  
Kenji Saito ◽  
Maiko Ito ◽  
Takuya Chiba ◽  
Huijuan Jia ◽  
Hisanori Kato
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Many studies have shown the beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR) on rodents’ aging; however, the molecular mechanism explaining these beneficial effects is still not fully understood. Previously, we conducted transcriptomic analysis on rat liver with short-term and mild-to-moderate CR to elucidate its early response to such diet. Here, we expanded transcriptome analysis to muscle, adipose tissue, intestine, and brain and compared the gene expression profiles of these multiple organs and of our previous dataset. Several altered gene expressions were found, some of which known to be related to CR. Notably, the commonly regulated genes by CR include nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and heat shock protein 90, which are involved in declining the aging process and thus potential therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases. The data obtained here provide information on early response markers and key mediators of the CR-induced delay in aging as well as on age-associated pathological changes in mammals.

scholarly journals Knockdown of lncRNA TUG1 inhibits hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and participates in aerobic exercise-alleviated vascular cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yali Niu ◽  
Huaying Tao ◽  
Mina Xue ◽  
Chunxiao Wan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Neuronal Apoptosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Ht22 Cells

Abstract Objectives Our previous study indicated that aerobic exercise relieves cognitive impairment in patients with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) via regulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but the mechanism is not yet clear. This study aimed to explore whether lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) participates in the process of VCI by regulating BDNF. Methods The expressions of TUG1 and BDNF in the serum of VCI patients were detected. The potential molecular mechanisms of TUG1 in regulating hippocampal neuronal apoptosis were explored in oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced (OGD-induced) hippocampal cell line HT22. The VCI mouse model was established, and TUG1 and BDNF were overexpressed via lentivirus injection. The cognitive impairment of mice was detected by the Morris water maze experiment after the aerobic exercise. Results The level of TUG1 was elevated in the serum of VCI patients compared with the control group. The knockdown of TUG1 in OGD-induced HT22 cells increased BDNF level and decreased cell apoptosis, and the downregulation of BDNF restored the decreased cell apoptosis. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays showed that TUG1 could bind to BDNF protein. The aerobic exercise alleviated cognitive impairment and inhibited hippocampal apoptosis in VCI mice. Meanwhile, the overexpression of TUG1 reversed the therapeutic effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive impairment. Conclusions The knockdown of TUG1 reduced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and participates in the aerobic exercise-alleviated VCI, which was partly through regulating BDNF.

scholarly journals Pharmacologically-Induced Neurovascular Uncoupling is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1871-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Tarantini ◽  
Peter Hertelendy ◽  
Zsuzsanna Tucsek ◽  
M Noa Valcarcel-Ares ◽  
Nataliya Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Cox Inhibitor ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

There is increasing evidence that vascular risk factors, including aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, promote cognitive impairment; however, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is adjusted to neuronal activity via neurovascular coupling (NVC) and this mechanism is known to be impaired in the aforementioned pathophysiologic conditions. To establish a direct relationship between impaired NVC and cognitive decline, we induced neurovascular uncoupling pharmacologically in mice by inhibiting the synthesis of vasodilator mediators involved in NVC. Treatment of mice with the epoxygenase inhibitor N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(2-propynyloxy)-benzenehexanamide (MSPPOH), the NO synthase inhibitor l-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and the COX inhibitor indomethacin decreased NVC by over 60% mimicking the aging phenotype, which was associated with significantly impaired spatial working memory (Y-maze), recognition memory (Novel object recognition), and impairment in motor coordination (Rotarod). Blood pressure (tail cuff) and basal cerebral perfusion (arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI) were unaffected. Thus, selective experimental disruption of NVC is associated with significant impairment of cognitive and sensorimotor function, recapitulating neurologic symptoms and signs observed in brain aging and pathophysiologic conditions associated with accelerated cerebromicrovascular aging.

scholarly journals Identification of TENM4 as a Novel Cancer Stem Cell-Associated Molecule and Potential Target in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Ruiu ◽  
Giuseppina Barutello ◽  
Maddalena Arigoni ◽  
Federica Riccardo ◽  
Laura Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Associated Proteins

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is insensitive to endocrine and Her2-directed therapies, making the development of TNBC-targeted therapies an unmet medical need. Since patients with TNBC frequently show a quicker relapse and metastatic progression compared to other breast cancer subtypes, we hypothesized that cancer stem cells (CSC) could have a role in TNBC. To identify putative TNBC CSC-associated targets, we compared the gene expression profiles of CSC-enriched tumorspheres and their parental cells grown as monolayer. Among the up-regulated genes coding for cell membrane-associated proteins, we selected Teneurin 4 (TENM4), involved in cell differentiation and deregulated in tumors of different histotypes, as the object for this study. Meta-analysis of breast cancer datasets shows that TENM4 mRNA is up-regulated in invasive carcinoma specimens compared to normal breast and that high expression of TENM4 correlates with a shorter relapse-free survival in TNBC patients. TENM4 silencing in mammary cancer cells significantly impaired tumorsphere-forming ability, migratory capacity and Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) phosphorylation. Moreover, we found higher levels of TENM4 in plasma from tumor-bearing mice and TNBC patients compared to the healthy controls. Overall, our results indicate that TENM4 may act as a novel biomarker and target for the treatment of TNBC.

Anti-inflammatory effects of epidermal growth factor on the immature human intestine

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ménard ◽  
Eric Tremblay ◽  
Emanuela Ferretti ◽  
Corentin Babakissa ◽  
Nancy Perron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

The inflammatory response of the preterm infants' intestine underlines its inability to respond to hemodynamic stress, microbes, and nutrients. Recent evidence suggests that exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) exerts a therapeutic influence on neonatal enteropathies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of EGF remain to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of EGF on the gene expression profiles of the developing human small and large intestine at midgestation in serum-free organ cultures using microarrays. The gene expression profiles of cultured human fetal ileal and colonic explants were investigated in the absence or presence of a physiological concentration of 50 ng/ml EGF for 48 h. Data were analyzed with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software and confirmed by qPCR. We found a total of 6,474 differentially expressed genes in the two segments in response to EGF. IPA functional analysis revealed that in addition to differentially modulating distinct cellular, molecular, and physiological functions in the small and large intestine, EGF regulated the inflammatory response in both intestinal segments in a distinct manner. For instance, several intestinal-derived chemokines such as CCL2, CCL25, CXCL5, and CXCL10 were found to be differentially regulated by EGF in the immature ileum and colon. The findings showing the anti-inflammatory influence of exogenous EGF suggests a mechanistic basis for the beneficial effects of EGF on neonatal enteropathies. These results reinforce growing evidence that by midgestation, the human small intestine and colon rely on specific and distinct regulatory pathways.

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