scholarly journals Challenges and Improvements of Novel Therapies for Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Yang ◽  
Jing Qian ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Qiaojun He ◽  
Jiajia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Near Future

Stroke is the third most common disease all over the world, which is regarded as a hotspot in medical research because of its high mortality and morbidity. Stroke, especially ischemic stroke, causes severe neural cell death, and no effective therapy is currently available for neuroregeneration after stroke. Although many therapies have been shown to be effective in preclinical studies of ischemic stroke, almost none of them passed clinical trials, and the reasons for most failures have not been well identified. In this review, we focus on several novel methods, such as traditional Chinese medicine, stem cell therapy, and exosomes that have not been used for ischemic stroke till recent decades. We summarize the proposed basic mechanisms underlying these therapies and related clinical results, discussing advantages and current limitations for each therapy emphatically. Based on the limitations such as side effects, narrow therapeutic window, and less accumulation at the injury region, structure transformation and drug combination are subsequently applied, providing a deep understanding to develop effective treatment strategies for ischemic stroke in the near future.

scholarly journals The long-term effects of modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors of stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4626
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Hassan ◽  
Asala M. Wafa ◽  
Manea S. Alosaimi ◽  
Kawthar A. Bokari ◽  
Mosab A. Alsobhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

Stroke is a major cerebrovascular disease causes high mortality and morbidity in people around the world. Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability. The largest country in the middle East, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), has been occupying approximately four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula supporting a population of more than 28 million. Stroke is getting to be a quickly expanding issue and is the leading cause of illness and deaths in Saudi Arabia. It is clear that researches and studies regarding the incidence, prevalence and their sociodemographic properties of stroke is still incomplete due to lack of present studies being conducted in these specified areas. This article aims to discuss the aspect of stroke in Saudi Arabia beside the effects of modifiable and the non-modifiable risk factors from the literature published. 

scholarly journals ON THE STRUCTURE OF PERSONAL MATURITY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
O.V. Kozhevnikova
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
The Third ◽  
Personal Boundaries ◽  
The World

The article sets out a problem aimed at determining the structure of personal maturity in the period of early adulthood. The theoretical study revealed a lack of unanimity in terms of interpreting and conceptualizing the concept of personal maturity and defining its structural and content elements. The empirical study involved humanitarian students from the first to the third courses (females (103) and males (22) aged 17-20 years). As a result of the exploratory factor analysis procedures, an integrative variable of personal maturity has been calculated which is considered as a set of cognitive (self-understanding, positive thinking), emotional (self-sympathy) and behavioral characteristics (autonomy, sociability). The personality of a mature subject in the period of early adulthood can be described as distinguished by an optimistic view of the world and a deep understanding of his or her identity combined with positive emotions and self-attitude and the ability to maintain personal boundaries even creating close relationships with others. The considered algorithm for calculating the integral variable can be applied in studies aimed at studying latent psychological phenomena.

scholarly journals Cerebral Autoregulation in Ischemic Stroke: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Ricardo C. Nogueira ◽  
Lucy Beishon ◽  
Edson Bor-Seng-Shu ◽  
Ronney B. Panerai ◽  
Thompson G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Autoregulation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most impacting diseases in the world. In the last decades, new therapies have been introduced to improve outcomes after IS, most of them aiming for recanalization of the occluded vessel. However, despite this advance, there are still a large number of patients that remain disabled. One interesting possible therapeutic approach would be interventions guided by cerebral hemodynamic parameters such as dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA). Supportive hemodynamic therapies aiming to optimize perfusion in the ischemic area could protect the brain and may even extend the therapeutic window for reperfusion therapies. However, the knowledge of how to implement these therapies in the complex pathophysiology of brain ischemia is challenging and still not fully understood. This comprehensive review will focus on the state of the art in this promising area with emphasis on the following aspects: (1) pathophysiology of CA in the ischemic process; (2) methodology used to evaluate CA in IS; (3) CA studies in IS patients; (4) potential non-reperfusion therapies for IS patients based on the CA concept; and (5) the impact of common IS-associated comorbidities and phenotype on CA status. The review also points to the gaps existing in the current research to be further explored in future trials.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Nanoparticles for the Different Phases of Ischemic Stroke

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Sara Bernardo-Castro ◽  
Inês Albino ◽  
Ángela María Barrera-Sandoval ◽  
Francesca Tomatis ◽  
João André Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Nanoparticle Drug Delivery ◽  
The Brain

Stroke represents the second leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Ischemic strokes are the most prevalent type of stroke, and they are characterized by a series of pathological events prompted by an arterial occlusion that leads to a heterogeneous pathophysiological response through different hemodynamic phases, namely the hyperacute, acute, subacute, and chronic phases. Stroke treatment is highly reliant on recanalization therapies, which are limited to only a subset of patients due to their narrow therapeutic window; hence, there is a huge need for new stroke treatments. Nonetheless, the vast majority of promising treatments are not effective in the clinical setting due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain. In this context, nanotechnology-based approaches such as nanoparticle drug delivery emerge as the most promising option. In this review, we will discuss the current status of nanotechnology in the setting of stroke, focusing on the diverse available nanoparticle approaches targeted to the different pathological and physiological repair mechanisms involved in each of the stroke phases.

scholarly journals Unionist vs. Nationalist: Potential Re- emergence of Identity Crisis in Post-Brexit Northern Ireland

WIMAYA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Fernanda Probotrianto
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Successful Resolution ◽  
Second World

As the world begin to enter another decade of the third millennia, Europe has been struck with various challenges that greatly affects its surrounding geopolitics that, depend on the path further taken, would decide its future: whether maintaining solidarity and regional ‘fraternity’, typically in context of European Union (EU), or towards complete jeopardy and dissolution of the long-lasting union that has been tighten since the end of the Second World War. However, preference of member-states is beginning to drift away to the latter as crisis and problems continue to spring, both internally, such as cases with Greek’s monetary inflation, and externally, concerning massive influx of refugees coming from the Middle East and Africa. As suggested by constructivism, the key of successful resolution depends on the intensity of diplomatic communication. By doing so, both countries should have deep understanding of each other’s perspective. In addition, views and interest of Unionist and Nationalist side should be taken into account for in mitigating possible rise of new conflict.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Pattern of Birth Defects among Pediatric Surgical Patients: A 12-Year Analysis in a Tertiary-level Government Hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Tanvir Kabir Chowdhury ◽  
S. M. Humayun Kabir ◽  
Md. Afruzul Alam ◽  
Md. Tameem Shafayat Chowdhury ◽  
Rumana Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Intestinal Atresia ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Common System ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Aims: Birth defects are structural or functional abnormalities which occur during the intrauterine life but can be identified at birth or a later age. Birth defects are major public health concerns and the World Health organization (WHO) is supporting countries for earlier diagnosis and better treatment of these conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the hospital-based prevalence and types of birth defects among the surgical children from a part of the world where these are underreported. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients of birth defects admitted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh for a period of 12 years (2008-2019). Data were extracted from annual admission reports, annual audits, mortality and morbidity audits, death registers and computerize data base. Yearly distribution of birth defects, type of defects and their systemic distribution and mortality were analyzed. Results: Among a total of 30,301 admitted patients 30.72% (9307 patients) had birth defects. The most common system involved with birth defects was gastrointestinal (GI) system, 30.61% followed by genitourinary (GU), 29.15% system. Congenital inguinal hernia (17.50%) was the most common disease, followed by hypospadias (14.54%) and anorectal malformation (ARM); 13.98%. Mortality from birth defects were 53.25% of all mortalities. ARM was the most common cause of death (23%), followed by gastroschisis (16%) and intestinal atresia (11%). Highest mortality rates were in tracheo-esophageal fistula/esophageal atresia (TEF/EA)- 83.33%, gastroschisis-80.92%; intestinal atresia-42.53%; omphalocele-32.48%; and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)- 27.78%. Conclusion: Pattern of birth defects and outcome varied from other countries. The prevalence is 31% among pediatric surgical admissions. Some conditions have extremely high mortality rates and need better management.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors of prehypertension and hypertension among army personnel

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Sapana Gurung ◽  
Padma Rai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The World ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Army Personnel

Hypertension (HTN) is most likely a common disease in the world. In every 3 adult ages over 20 years have this disease. As a consequence, Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases are becoming increasingly important as causes of mortality and morbidity in all developing countries. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension among the Army personnel in Nepal. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 315 respondents, who met eligible criteria. All respondents were enumerated by census method using self-interviewing questionnaire focusing measurement of the blood pressure, weight and height along with the demographic and other socio-economic as well as cultural characteristics. The study shows that overwhelming respondents (77.5%) are normal. And about 13 percent respondents are seemed to be in the pre-hypertension, followed by stage I HTN (6%) and stage II HTN (3.5%). It also shows that there is a significant association between prevalence of hypertension and body mass index of the respondents.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF TEMPERAMENT IN PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION CASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahnuma Sayed ◽  
Naeela Ansari ◽  
Shaikh Ejaz Parvez ◽  
Farha Rizwan ◽  
Rehan Safee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
The World ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is a worldwide concern; 22 may is remembered every year as the world preeclampsia day. According to the WHO, PIH is one of the main causes of maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. In a retrospective study over the period 2000-2009 in a tertiary center in India, PIH was the third cause of maternal death. Material and Methods: One time observational hospital based study Patients as per inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. Consent of the patient recorded.

scholarly journals Maintaining Maritime History since 1799 (to the Anniversary of the Central Naval Library)

2015 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
A. B. Vitas
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Library Directors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Near Future

The article describes the history of the Naval Library beginning with the Ordinance of Emperor Paul I of 25 November, 1799 till the present day. The article contains the story of Library Directors - the outstanding people of their time, employees, saving the library during the siege of Leningrad, as well as gives an outlook for the near future. The first part of the article describes the difficulties the new library had to overcome in the beginning of its glorious historical path. The second part covers the activities of the great Directors - seafarers, such as I. Kruzenshtern, F. Wrangell - Admirals, toured round the world, and many others, successfully managed the library in the nineteenth century. The third part focuses on the difficulties that befell the library in the twentieth century: Revolution, the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War. We are still grateful to E. Kazais, A. Maimistov, B. Nikolsky for their hard work, that allowed to save the collections. The final part of the article gives an overview on the current state of library and the prospects for the near future.

Optimum Structure of the Banking Market: How Many Banks Are Necessary for Russia?

2006 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Number

The number of classical banks in the world has reduced. In the majority of countries the number of banks does not exceed 200. The uniqueness of the Russian banking sector is that in this respect it takes the third place in the world after the USA and Germany. The paper reviews the conclusions of the economic theory about the optimum structure of the banking market. The empirical analysis shows that the number of banks in a country is influenced by the size of its territory, population number and GDP per capita. Our econometric estimate is that the equilibrium number of banks in Russia should be in a range of 180-220 units.

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