scholarly journals Molecular Mechanism of Puerarin Against Diabetes and its Complications

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-ling Bai ◽  
Ling-ling Han ◽  
Jun-hui Qian ◽  
Hao-zhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
New Targets ◽  
Predominant Component

Puerarin is a predominant component of Radix Puerarin. Despite its anti-tumor and anti-virus effects and efficacy in improving cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases and preventing osteoporosis, it has been shown to protect against diabetes and its complications. This review summarizes the current knowledge on Puerarin in diabetes and related complications, aiming to provide an overview of antidiabetic mechanisms of Puerarin and new targets for treatment.

Pathway Analysis of the Restrictedly Expressed Genes in Oryza Sativa Implanted by the Low-Energy Nitrogen Ion

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Hui Yuan Ya ◽  
Wei Dong Wang ◽  
Qiu Fang Chen ◽  
Guang Yong Qin ◽  
Zhen Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Nitrogen Ion

The current knowledge of the transcriptome is limited to understand the exact molecular mechanism of the ion-implantation biological effects on cereals. In order to investigating the overall characteristics of the transcript profiles associated with these puzzling biological effects. We used the Agilent Rice Oligo Microarray （4×44K）Genome Array to learn the molecular mechanism in rice responding to ion-implantation. Rice seeds were implanted by the Nitrogen ion beam and their vigor index was investigated at ten days after germination. Total RNAs was extracted from the rice seedlings at 96 hour after germination and hybridized by the genome genechip. The results of measuring of the vigor index showed that lower-dose implantation of the nitrogen ion beam (6×1017 N+/cm2) promoted the vigor index of the rice seedlings and the higher-dose implantation (9×1017 N+/cm2) damaged the rice seedlings because of the smaller vigor index than the control. The analysis of the genechip array showed that there were 982 transcripts expressed differentially (fold change＞2 and P value＜0.05) including 429 up-regulated transcripts and 553 down-regulated transcripts under the dose3 6×1017 N+/cm2. 30 out of the 553 down-regulated transcripts were involved in 48 pathways. 14 out of these 30 transcripts were associated with more than two interrelated pathways. Os04g0518400 (Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5; down-regulated 3.3 folds; p value=0.005) were involved in 7 pathways, Os07g0446800 (Hexokinase; dwon-regulated 2.8 folds; p value =0.006) were involved in 12 pathways, and Os02g0730000 (Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH2a; down-regulated 2.2 folds; p value=0.019) were involved in 13 pathways. These results revealed that down-regulated genes involving important pathways were compatible with the distinct cellular events in response to implantation of low-energy ion beam and supplied the first comprehensive and comparative molecular information for further understanding the mechanism underlying implantation of the low-energy nitrogen ion beam.

scholarly journals Integrin and GPCR Crosstalk in the Regulation of ASM Contraction Signaling in Asthma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Ming Teoh ◽  
John Kit Chung Tam ◽  
Thai Tran
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Airway Wall ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Review Current

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is one of the cardinal features of asthma. Contraction of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells that line the airway wall is thought to influence aspects of AHR, resulting in excessive narrowing or occlusion of the airway. ASM contraction is primarily controlled by agonists that bind G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which are expressed on ASM. Integrins also play a role in regulating ASM contraction signaling. As therapies for asthma are based on symptom relief, better understanding of the crosstalk between GPCRs and integrins holds good promise for the design of more effective therapies that target the underlying cellular and molecular mechanism that governs AHR. In this paper, we will review current knowledge about integrins and GPCRs in their regulation of ASM contraction signaling and discuss the emerging concept of crosstalk between the two and the implication of this crosstalk on the development of agents that target AHR.

scholarly journals Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Vasculature Development, Differentiation, and Maintenance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Chapouly ◽  
Sarah Guimbal ◽  
Pierre-Louis Hollier ◽  
Marie-Ange Renault
Keyword(s):  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Biology ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Hh Signaling ◽  
Vessel Integrity

The role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in vascular biology has first been highlighted in embryos by Pepicelli et al. in 1998 and Rowitch et al. in 1999. Since then, the proangiogenic role of the Hh ligands has been confirmed in adults, especially under pathologic conditions. More recently, the Hh signaling has been proposed to improve vascular integrity especially at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of the Hh signaling in vascular biology remain poorly understood and conflicting results have been reported. As a matter of fact, in several settings, it is currently not clear whether Hh ligands promote vessel integrity and quiescence or destabilize vessels to promote angiogenesis. The present review relates the current knowledge regarding the role of the Hh signaling in vasculature development, maturation and maintenance, discusses the underlying proposed mechanisms and highlights controversial data which may serve as a guideline for future research. Most importantly, fully understanding such mechanisms is critical for the development of safe and efficient therapies to target the Hh signaling in both cancer and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases.

Renin release: role of SNAREs

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (5) ◽  
pp. R484-R486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Mendez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Renin Release ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Cells ◽  
Attachment Protein ◽  
Granule Exocytosis ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Sensitive Factor ◽  
Factor Attachment Protein Receptor

Little is known about the molecular mechanism mediating renin granule exocytosis and the identity of proteins involved. We previously showed that soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNAREs), a family of proteins required for exocytosis, mediate the stimulated release of renin from juxtaglomerular cells. This minireview focuses on the current knowledge of the proteins that facilitate renin-granule exocytosis. We discuss the identity of potential candidates that mediate the signaling and final steps of exocytosis of the renin granule.

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia: Genetics, lipoprotein lipase and HindIII polymorphism

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Palacio Rojas ◽  
Carem Prieto ◽  
Valmore Bermúdez ◽  
Carlos Garicano ◽  
Trina Núñez Nava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Lipase Gene ◽  
Mixed Dyslipidemia ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Hindiii Polymorphism

The direct link between lipid metabolism alterations and the increase of cardiovascular risk are well documented. Dyslipidemias, including isolated high LDL-c or mixed dyslipidemia, such as those seen in diabetes (hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-c or low HDL-c), correlate with a significant risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease worldwide.  This review analyzes the current knowledge concerning the genetic basis of lipid metabolism alterations, emphasizing lipoprotein lipase gene mutations and the HindIII polymorphism, which are associated with decreased levels of triglycerides and LDL-c, as well as higher levels of HDL-c. These patterns would be associated with decreased global morbidity and mortality, providing protection against cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori virulence and the diversity of gastric cancer in Asia

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1445-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lam Tung Nguyen ◽  
Tomohisa Uchida ◽  
Kazunari Murakami ◽  
Toshio Fujioka ◽  
Masatsugu Moriyama
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Caga Protein ◽  
Increased Risk

Infection with cagPAI positive strains of Helicobacter pylori is recognized as being associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge on the structures and pathological functions of cagPAI and the CagA protein, focusing especially on the molecular mechanism through which CagA may be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. The possible link between the geographical distribution of cagPAI and cagA variations and gastric cancer diversity in Asia is also discussed.

scholarly journals How Does Endometriosis Lead to Ovarian Cancer? The Molecular Mechanism of Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer Development

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Nozomi Yachida ◽  
Kosuke Yoshihara ◽  
Manako Yamaguchi ◽  
Kazuaki Suda ◽  
Ryo Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Ovarian Endometriosis ◽  
Normal Endometrium ◽  
Uterine Endometrium

Numerous epidemiological and histopathological studies support the notion that clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas derive from ovarian endometriosis. Accordingly, these histologic types are referred to as “endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer” (EAOC). Although the uterine endometrium is also considered an origin of endometriosis, the molecular mechanism involved in transformation of the uterine endometrium to EAOC via ovarian endometriosis has not yet been clarified. Recent studies based on high-throughput sequencing technology have revealed that cancer-associated gene mutations frequently identified in EAOC may exist in the normal uterine endometrial epithelium and ovarian endometriotic epithelium. The continuum of genomic alterations from the uterine endometrium to endometriosis and EAOC has been described, though the significance of cancer-associated gene mutations in the uterine endometrium or endometriosis remains unclear. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular characteristics of the uterine endometrium, endometriosis, and EAOC and discuss the molecular mechanism of cancer development from the normal endometrium through endometriosis in an effort to prevent EAOC.

scholarly journals Genome-wide DNA methylation profile changes associated with shell colouration in the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) as measured by whole-genome bisulfite sequencing

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changzi Yuan ◽  
Junxia Mao ◽  
Hongyan Sun ◽  
Yiying Wang ◽  
Ming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Methylation Level ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Patinopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Yesso Scallop ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Bisulfite Sequencing

Abstract Background Mollusca, a phylum of highly rich species, possess vivid shell colours, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. DNA methylation, one of the most common epigenetic modifications in eukaryotes, is believed to play a vital role in various biological processes. However, analysis of the effects of DNA methylation on shell colouration has rarely been performed in molluscs, limiting the current knowledge of the molecular mechanism of shell colour formation. Results In the present study, to reveal the role of epigenetic regulation in shell colouration, WGBS, the “gold standard” of DNA methylation analysis, was first performed on the mantle tissues of Yesso scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) with different shell colours (brown and white), and DNA methylomes at single-base resolution were generated. About 3% of cytosines were methylated in the genome of the Yesso scallop. A slight increase in mCG percentage and methylation level was found in brown scallops. Sequence preference of nearby methylated cytosines differed between high and low methylation level sites and between the brown- and white-shelled scallops. DNA methylation levels varied among the different genomic regions; all the detected regions in the brown group exhibited higher methylation levels than the white group. A total of 41,175 DMRs (differentially methylated regions) were detected between brown and white scallops. GO functions and pathways associated with the biosynthesis of melanin and porphyrins were significantly enriched for DMRs, among which several key shell colour-related genes were identified. Further, different correlations between mRNA expression levels and DNA methylation status were found in these genes, suggesting that DNA methylation regulates shell colouration in the Yesso scallop. Conclusions This study provides genome-wide DNA methylation landscapes of Yesso scallops with different shell colours, offering new insights into the epigenetic regulatory mechanism underlying shell colour.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanism of interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host cells and interventional therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Zhang ◽  
Rong Xiang ◽  
Shanshan Huo ◽  
Yunjiao Zhou ◽  
Shibo Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Conformational Transition ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Interventional Therapy ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Viral Attachment ◽  
Neuropilin 1 ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in an unprecedented setback for global economy and health. SARS-CoV-2 has an exceptionally high level of transmissibility and extremely broad tissue tropism. However, the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for sustaining this degree of virulence remains largely unexplored. In this article, we review the current knowledge and crucial information about how SARS-CoV-2 attaches on the surface of host cells through a variety of receptors, such as ACE2, neuropilin-1, AXL, and antibody–FcγR complexes. We further explain how its spike (S) protein undergoes conformational transition from prefusion to postfusion with the help of proteases like furin, TMPRSS2, and cathepsins. We then review the ongoing experimental studies and clinical trials of antibodies, peptides, or small-molecule compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, and discuss how these antiviral therapies targeting host–pathogen interaction could potentially suppress viral attachment, reduce the exposure of fusion peptide to curtail membrane fusion and block the formation of six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core. Finally, the specter of rapidly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants deserves a serious review of broad-spectrum drugs or vaccines for long-term prevention and control of COVID-19 in the future.

scholarly journals Special Issue on Molecular and Translational Research on Colorectal Cancer 2.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7479
Author(s):  
Alessandro Passardi ◽  
Emanuela Scarpi ◽  
Paola Ulivi
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Targets ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
New Strategies

The present editorial aims to summarise the six scientific papers that have contributed to this Special Issue, focusing on different aspects of molecular and translational research on colorectal cancer. We believe that the present Special Issue might contribute to the expansion of the current knowledge concerning potential molecular predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers in CRC, as well as new targets for anticancer treatment. This may help in identifying new strategies to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

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