scholarly journals Lactate Fluxes and Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: A Redox Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Lagarde ◽  
Yannick Jeanson ◽  
Jean-Charles Portais ◽  
Anne Galinier ◽  
Isabelle Ader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glycolytic Flux ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Wide Range

Lactate, a metabolite produced when the glycolytic flux exceeds mitochondrial oxidative capacities, is now viewed as a critical regulator of metabolism by acting as both a carbon and electron carrier and a signaling molecule between cells and tissues. In recent years, increasing evidence report its key role in white, beige, and brown adipose tissue biology, and highlights new mechanisms by which lactate participates in the maintenance of whole-body energy homeostasis. Lactate displays a wide range of biological effects in adipose cells not only through its binding to the membrane receptor but also through its transport and the subsequent effect on intracellular metabolism notably on redox balance. This study explores how lactate regulates adipocyte metabolism and plasticity by balancing intracellular redox state and by regulating specific signaling pathways. We also emphasized the contribution of adipose tissues to the regulation of systemic lactate metabolism, their roles in redox homeostasis, and related putative physiopathological repercussions associated with their decline in metabolic diseases and aging.

scholarly journals DsbA-L deficiency in T cells promotes diet-induced thermogenesis through suppressing IFN-γ production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zhou ◽  
Xinyi Peng ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Liwen Wang ◽  
Hairong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

AbstractAdipose tissue-resident T cells have been recognized as a critical regulator of thermogenesis and energy expenditure, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding greatly suppresses the expression of disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L), a mitochondria-localized chaperone protein, in adipose-resident T cells, which correlates with reduced T cell mitochondrial function. T cell-specific knockout of DsbA-L enhances diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and protects mice from HFD-induced obesity, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, DsbA-L deficiency in T cells reduces IFN-γ production and activates protein kinase A by reducing phosphodiesterase-4D expression, leading to increased BAT thermogenesis. Taken together, our study uncovers a mechanism by which T cells communicate with brown adipocytes to regulate BAT thermogenesis and whole-body energy homeostasis. Our findings highlight a therapeutic potential of targeting T cells for the treatment of over nutrition-induced obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Adipose Tissue Mitochondria: Regulation of Mitochondrial Function for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee ◽  
Park ◽  
Oh ◽  
Lee ◽  
Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Adaptive Thermogenesis ◽  
Brown Adipose

: Mitochondria play a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis in metabolic tissues, including adipose tissues. The two main types of adipose tissues are the white adipose tissue (WAT) and the brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT primarily stores excess energy, whereas BAT is predominantly responsible for energy expenditure by non-shivering thermogenesis through the mitochondria. WAT in response to appropriate stimuli such as cold exposure and β-adrenergic agonist undergoes browning wherein it acts as BAT, which is characterized by the presence of a higher number of mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes has been reported to have strong correlation with metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Dysfunction of mitochondria results in detrimental effects on adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, oxidative capacity, and thermogenesis, which consequently lead to metabolic diseases. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial function can be improved by using thiazolidinedione, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, and dietary natural compounds; by performing exercise; and by controlling caloric restriction, thereby maintaining the metabolic homeostasis by inducing adaptive thermogenesis of BAT and browning of WAT. In this review, we focus on and summarize the molecular regulation involved in the improvement of mitochondrial function in adipose tissues so that strategies can be developed to treat metabolic diseases.

Age-Induced Changes in White, Brite, and Brown Adipose Depots: A Mini-Review

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Schosserer ◽  
Johannes Grillari ◽  
Christian Wolfrum ◽  
Marcel Scheideler
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Adipose Organ ◽  
Over Time

Aging is a time-related process of functional decline at organelle, cellular, tissue, and organismal level that ultimately limits life. Cellular senescence is a state of permanent growth arrest in response to stress and one of the major drivers of aging and age-related disorders. Senescent cells accumulate with age, and removal of these cells delays age-related disorders in different tissues and prolongs healthy lifespan. One of the most studied aging mechanisms is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species damage in cells, organs, and organisms over time. Elevated oxidative stress is also found in metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and associated disorders. Moreover, dysregulation of the energy homeostasis is also associated with aging, and many age-related genes also control energy metabolism, with the adipose organ, comprising white, brite, and brown adipocytes, as an important metabolic player in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. This review summarizes transformations in the adipose organ upon aging and cellular senescence and sheds light on the reallocation of fat mass between adipose depots, on the metabolism of white and brown adipose tissue, on the regenerative potential and adipogenic differentiation capacity of preadipocytes, and on alterations in mitochondria and bioenergetics. In conclusion, the aging process is a lifelong, creeping process with gradual decline in (pre-)adipocyte function over time. Thus, slowing down the accumulation of (pre-)adipocyte damage and dysfunction, removal of senescent preadipocytes as well as blocking deleterious compounds of the senescent secretome are protective measures to maintain a lasting state of health at old age.

scholarly journals Allicin regulates energy homeostasis through brown adipose tissue

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanhai Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyun He ◽  
Yao Sheng ◽  
Jia Xu ◽  
Cui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

AbstractBackground/objectives:Disorder of energy homeostasis can lead to a variety of metabolic diseases, especially obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Allicin, a main bioactive ingredient in garlic, has multiple biology and pharmacological function. However, the role of Allicin, in the regulation of metabolic organ, especially the role of activation of BAT, has not been well studied. Here, we analyzed the role of Allicin in whole-body metabolism and the activation of BAT.Results:Allicin had a significant effect in inhibiting body weight gain, decreasing adiposity, maintaining glucose homeostasis, improving insulin resistance, and ameliorating hepatic steatosis in diet-introduced obesity (DIO) mice. Then we find that Allicin can strongly activate brown adipose tissue (BAT). The activation of brown adipocyte treated with Allicin was also confirmed in mouse primary brown adipocytes.Conclusion:Allicin can ameliorate obesity through activating brown adipose tissue. Our findings provide a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders.

Natriuretic peptides and cGMP signaling control of energy homeostasis

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (3) ◽  
pp. H358-H368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric Moro ◽  
Max Lafontan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Cgmp Signaling

Since the discovery of natriuretic peptides (NPs) by de Bold et al. in 1981, the cardiovascular community has been well aware that they exert potent effects on vessels, heart remodeling, kidney function, and the regulation of sodium and water balance. Who would have thought that NPs are also able to exert metabolic effects and contribute to an original cross talk between heart, adipose tissues, and skeletal muscle? The attention on the metabolic role of NPs was awakened in the year 2000 with the discovery that NPs exert potent lipolytic effects mediated by the NP receptor type A/cGMP pathway in human fat cells and that they contribute to lipid mobilization in vivo. In this review, we will discuss the biological effects of NPs on the main tissues involved in the regulation of energy metabolism (i.e., white and brown adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas). These recent results on NPs are opening a new chapter into the physiological properties and therapeutic usefulness of this family of hormones.

scholarly journals Sirtuins and their role as physiological modulators of metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
Grażyna Sygitowicz ◽  
Dariusz Sitkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adp Ribosyltransferase

The sirtuins are a family of highly evolutionary conserved NAD+-dependent deacetylases (SIRT1, 2, 3, 5). Certain human sirtuins (SIRT4, 6) have, in addition, an ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. SIRT1 and SIRT2 are located in the nucleus and cytoplasm; SIRT3 exists predominantly in mitochondria, and SIRT6 is located in the nucleus. The mammalian sirtuins have emerged as key metabolic sensors that directly link environmental nutrient signals to metabolic homeostasis. SIRT1 is involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, as well as inhibiting lipogenesis and inflammation in the liver. In addition, they contribute to the mobilization of fat in white adipose tissue, sense nutrient availability in the hypothalamus; regulate insulin secretion in the pancreas; as well as modulating the expression of genes responsible for the activity of the circadian clock in metabolic tissues. Sirtuins are implicated in a variety of cellular functions ranging from gene silencing, through the control of the cell cycle, to energy homeostasis. Caloric restriction, supported by polyphenols, including resveratrol, which is the SIRT1 activator, plays a special role in maintaining energy homeostasis. On a whole body level, the wide range of cellular activities of the sirtuins suggests that they could constitute a therapeutic target to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases. In addition, this work presents the current state of knowledge in the field of sirtuin activity in relation to nutritional status and lifespan.

scholarly journals Uncoupling of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump activity by sarcolipin as the basis for muscle non-shivering thermogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1793) ◽  
pp. 20190135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh C. Bal ◽  
Muthu Periasamy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Calcium Atpase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pump Activity ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

Thermogenesis in endotherms relies on both shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). The role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in NST is well recognized, but the role of muscle-based NST has been contested. However, recent studies have provided substantial evidence for the importance of muscle-based NST in mammals. This review focuses primarily on the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ -cycling in muscle NST; specifically, it will discuss recent data showing how uncoupling of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) (inhibition of Ca 2+ transport but not ATP hydrolysis) by sarcolipin (SLN) results in futile SERCA pump activity, increased ATP hydrolysis and heat production contributing to muscle NST. It will also critically examine how activation of muscle NST can be an important factor in regulating metabolic rate and whole-body energy homeostasis. In this regard, SLN has emerged as a powerful signalling molecule to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism in muscle. Furthermore, we will discuss the functional interplay between BAT and muscle, especially with respect to how reduced BAT function in mammals could be compensated by muscle-based NST. Based on the existing data, we argue that SLN-mediated thermogenesis is an integral part of muscle NST and that muscle NST potentially contributed to the evolution of endothermy within the vertebrate clade. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vertebrate palaeophysiology’.

scholarly journals Health benefits of physical activity with special reference to interaction with diet

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Vuori
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractRegular physical activity causes numerous and substantial performance-improving And health-enhancing effects. Most of them are highly predictable, dose-dependent and generalizable to a wide range of population groups. Many of the biological effects of regular, moderate physical activity translate into substantially reduced risk of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, maturity onset diabetes, overweight and obesity, and osteoporosis. These effects also substantially reduce the risk of deterioration of functional capacity. In the genesis of these conditions, alack of physical activity and inadequate nutrition act synergistically and in part additively, and they operate largely through the same pathways. It is conceivable to suggest that the prevalence of, e.g, the above mentioned metabolic diseases is so high in Europe largely because of the high prevalence of sedentariness and inadequate nutrition. Thus, both physical activity and nutrition have to be given strong emphasis in policies, strategies and programmes that will be developed and implemented for improving the health of Europeans.

Mitochondrial form, function and signalling in aging

2016 ◽  
Vol 473 (20) ◽  
pp. 3421-3449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Amigo ◽  
Fernanda M. da Cunha ◽  
Maria Fernanda Forni ◽  
Wilson Garcia-Neto ◽  
Pâmela A. Kakimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Characteristics

Aging is often accompanied by a decline in mitochondrial mass and function in different tissues. Additionally, cell resistance to stress is frequently found to be prevented by higher mitochondrial respiratory capacity. These correlations strongly suggest mitochondria are key players in aging and senescence, acting by regulating energy homeostasis, redox balance and signalling pathways central in these processes. However, mitochondria display a wide array of functions and signalling properties, and the roles of these different characteristics are still widely unexplored. Furthermore, differences in mitochondrial properties and responses between tissues and cell types, and how these affect whole body metabolism are also still poorly understood. This review uncovers aspects of mitochondrial biology that have an impact upon aging in model organisms and selected mammalian cells and tissues.

scholarly journals The Nutritional System

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Saverio Cinti
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Influence Functional ◽  
Adipose Organ

AbstractThe white and brown adipose tissues are organized to form a true organ. They have a different anatomy and perform different functions, but they collaborate thanks to their ability to convert mutually and reversibly following physiological stimuli. This implies a new fundamental property for mature cells, which would be able to reversibly reprogram their genome under physiological conditions. The subcutaneous mammary gland provides another example of their plasticity. Here fat cells are reversibly transformed into glands during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The obese adipose organ is inflamed because hypertrophic fat cells, typical of this condition, die and their cellular residues must be reabsorbed by macrophages. The molecules produced by these cells during their reabsorption work interfere with the insulin receptor, and this induces insulin resistance, which ultimately causes type 2 diabetes. The adipose organ collaborates with those of digestion. Both produce hormones that can influence the nutritional behavior of individuals. They produce molecules that mutually influence functional activities including thermogenesis, which contributes to the interruption of the meal. The nutrients are absorbed by the intestine, stored in the adipose organ, and distributed by them to the whole body between meals. Distribution includes offspring during breastfeeding. The system as a whole is therefore called the nutritional system.

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