scholarly journals Epigenetic Control of Plant Response to Heavy Metal Stress: A New View on Aluminum Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Johana Gallo-Franco ◽  
Chrystian Camilo Sosa ◽  
Thaura Ghneim-Herrera ◽  
Mauricio Quimbaya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Rice Varieties

High concentrations of heavy metal (HM) ions impact agronomic staple crop production in acid soils (pH ≤ 5) due to their cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects. Among cytotoxic ions, the trivalent aluminum cation (Al3+) formed by solubilization of aluminum (Al) into acid soils, is one of the most abundant and toxic elements under acidic conditions. In recent years, several studies have elucidated the different signal transduction pathways involved in HM responses, identifying complementary genetic mechanisms conferring tolerance to plants. Although epigenetics has become more relevant in abiotic stress studies, epigenetic mechanisms underlying plant responses to HM stress remain poorly understood. This review describes the main epigenetic mechanisms related to crop responses during stress conditions, specifically, the molecular evidence showing how epigenetics is at the core of plant adaptation responses to HM ions. We highlight the epigenetic mechanisms that induce Al tolerance. Likewise, we analyze the pivotal relationship between epigenetic and genetic factors associated with HM tolerance. Finally, using rice as a study case, we performed a general analysis over previously whole-genome bisulfite-seq published data. Specific genes related to Al tolerance, measured in contrasting tolerant and susceptible rice varieties, exhibited differences in DNA methylation frequency. The differential methylation patterns could be associated with epigenetic regulation of rice responses to Al stress, highlighting the major role of epigenetics over specific abiotic stress responses.

scholarly journals Karakter Root Re-Growth Sebagai Parameter Toleransi Aluminium pada Tanaman Padi

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Dewi Indriyani Roslim ◽  
Miftahudin Miftahudin ◽  
Utut Suharsono ◽  
Hajrial Aswidinnoor ◽  
Alex Hartana
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Plant Breeding Program

Aluminum (Al) is one of the major limited factors in crop production on acid soils. Aluminum tolerant plants can beselected from plant breeding program by one of the physiological parameters representing Al tolerance character,such as root re-growth capability during recovery from the Al-stress. In this study we determined the concentrationand time exposure of Al stress that was able to differentiate the response of three local upland rice varieties(Grogol, Hawarabunar and Krowal) and an Al-sensitive rice variety (IR64) to Al-stress, and evaluated the effectivenessof root re-growth (RRG) characters as an Al tolerance parameter in rice. The study consisted of three experiments,which were 1) nutrient culture experiment with different Al concentration treatments in growth chamber, 2) potexperiment in greenhouse using Jasinga yellow red podzolic acid soil containing 26,66 me/100 g Al and pH 4,6 asplanting media, and 3) phenotyping of F2 population using RRG character. The results showed that Al treatment at15 ppm for 72 h was able to distinctly differentiate between Al-tolerant (Grogol and Hawarabunar) and Al-sensitivevarieties (Krowal and IR64). Planting of the rice varieties on acid soils showed similar result as that of the nutrientculture. Phenotyping of F2 population using RRG character indicated the existence of RRG value variation. Thesevariations demonstrated that RRG character can be used as an Al tolerance parameter in rice and therefore can beeffectively applied to screen rice F2 population that segregate to Al tolerance character.

Epigenetic mechanisms leading to genetic flexibility during abiotic stress responses in microalgae: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 101999
Author(s):  
Romana Bacova ◽  
Martina Kolackova ◽  
Borivoj Klejdus ◽  
Vojtech Adam ◽  
Dalibor Huska
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms

The zinc finger transcription factor ATF1 regulates aluminum tolerance in barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (20) ◽  
pp. 6512-6523
Author(s):  
Liyuan Wu ◽  
Yiyi Guo ◽  
Shengguan Cai ◽  
Liuhui Kuang ◽  
Qiufang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Transcription Factor 1 ◽  
Differently Expressed Genes

Abstract Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major abiotic stress that restricts crop production in acid soils. Plants have evolved internal and external mechanisms of tolerance, and among them it is well known that AtSTOP1 and OsART1 are key transcription factors involved in tolerance through regulation of multiple downstream genes. Here, we identified the closest homolog of these two proteins in barley, namely HvATF1, Al-tolerance Transcription Factor 1, and determined its potential function in Al stress. HvATF1 is expressed in the nucleus, and functions in transcriptional activation. The transcription of HvATF1 was found to be constitutive in different tissues, and was little affected by Al stress. Knockdown of HvATF1 by RNAi resulted in increased Al sensitivity. Transcriptomics analysis identified 64 differently expressed genes in the RNAi lines compared to the wild-type, and these were considered as candidate downstream genes regulated by HvATF1. This study provides insights into the different molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance in barley and other plants.

scholarly journals The Role of Stress-Responsive Transcription Factors in Modulating Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngdae Yoon ◽  
Deok Hyun Seo ◽  
Hoyoon Shin ◽  
Hui Jin Kim ◽  
Chul Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Tolerance

Abiotic stresses, such as drought, high temperature, and salinity, affect plant growth and productivity. Furthermore, global climate change may increase the frequency and severity of abiotic stresses, suggesting that development of varieties with improved stress tolerance is critical for future sustainable crop production. Improving stress tolerance requires a detailed understanding of the hormone signaling and transcriptional pathways involved in stress responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are key stress-response hormones in plants, and some stress-responsive transcription factors such as ABFs and MYCs function as direct components of ABA and JA signaling, playing a pivotal role in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, extensive studies have identified other stress-responsive transcription factors belonging to the NAC, AP2/ERF, MYB, and WRKY families that mediate plant response and tolerance to abiotic stress. These suggest that transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive genes is an essential step to determine the mechanisms underlying plant stress responses and tolerance to abiotic stress, and that these transcription factors may be important targets for development of crops with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanisms underlying plant abiotic stress responses, focusing on ABA and JA metabolism and signaling pathways. We then summarize the diverse array of transcription factors involved in plant responses to abiotic stress, while noting their potential applications for improvement of stress tolerance.

scholarly journals The Adaptation and Tolerance of Major Cereals and Legumes to Important Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12970
Author(s):  
Jagadish Rane ◽  
Ajay Kumar Singh ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
K. M. Boraiah ◽  
Kamlesh K. Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Legume Crops

Abiotic stresses, including drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and waterlogging, are the major constraints in crop production. These abiotic stresses are likely to be amplified by climate change with varying temporal and spatial dimensions across the globe. The knowledge about the effects of abiotic stressors on major cereal and legume crops is essential for effective management in unfavorable agro-ecologies. These crops are critical components of cropping systems and the daily diets of millions across the globe. Major cereals like rice, wheat, and maize are highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses, while many grain legumes are grown in abiotic stress-prone areas. Despite extensive investigations, abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants is not fully understood. Current insights into the abiotic stress responses of plants have shown the potential to improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses. Studies aimed at stress tolerance mechanisms have resulted in the elucidation of traits associated with tolerance in plants, in addition to the molecular control of stress-responsive genes. Some of these studies have paved the way for new opportunities to address the molecular basis of stress responses in plants and identify novel traits and associated genes for the genetic improvement of crop plants. The present review examines the responses of crops under abiotic stresses in terms of changes in morphology, physiology, and biochemistry, focusing on major cereals and legume crops. It also explores emerging opportunities to accelerate our efforts to identify desired traits and genes associated with stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Genome-wide characterization and evolutionary analysis of heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) to reveal their potential role under abiotic stresses in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjia Tang ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wanwan Cheng ◽  
Xiaobo Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L

Abstract Background Abiotic stresses due to climate change pose a great threat to crop production. Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are vital regulators that play key roles in protecting plants against various abiotic stresses. Therefore, the identification and characterization of HSFs is imperative to dissect the mechanism responsible for plant stress responses. Although the HSF gene family has been extensively studied in several plant species, its characterization, evolutionary history and expression patterns in the radish (Raphanus sativus L.) remain limited. Results In this study, 33 RsHSF genes were obtained from the radish genome, which were classified into three main groups and 12 subgroups based on HSF protein domain structure. Chromosomal localization analysis revealed that 28 of 33 RsHSF genes were located on nine chromosomes, and 10 duplicated RsHSF genes were grouped into eight gene pairs by whole genome duplication (WGD). Moreover, there were 23 or 9 pairs of orthologous HSFs were identified between radish and Arabidopsis or rice, respectively. Comparative analysis revealed a close relationship among radish, Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis. RNA-seq data showed that eight RsHSF genes, including RsHSF-03, were highly expressed in the leaf, root, cortex, cambium and xylem, results that these genes might be involved in plant growth and development. Further, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) indicated that the expression patterns of 12 RsHSF genes varied upon exposure to different abiotic stresses, including heat, salt, and heavy metals. This data indicated that the RsHSFs may be involved in abiotic stress response. Conclusions These results could provide fundamental insights into the characteristics and evolution of the HSF family and facilitate further dissection of the molecular mechanism responsible for radish abiotic stress responses.

Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants: Potential Targets on Studying Heavy Metal Stress tolerance in Bryophytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Rekha Tyagi ◽  
Anjuli Sood ◽  
P. L. Uniyal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Common Elements

Pollution of the biosphere with heavy metals has phenomenally increased since the commencement of industrial revolution. It poses several environment and health concerns. High regeneration and metal accumulation capacity the possibility of genetic transformation by homologous recombination extend the candidature of bryophytes as promising experimental models for heavy metal stress tolerance studies. Plants use several abiotic stress pathways which share common elements that are potential “nodes” for cross talks. Common elements/ molecules, which are likely to occur early in several stress response cascades in bryophytes seem to be the potential targets for heavy metal tolerance studies that can be worked out in future, at biochemical, protein and gene level.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNAs: emerging players regulating plant abiotic stress response and adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uday Chand Jha ◽  
Harsh Nayyar ◽  
Rintu Jha ◽  
Muhammad Khurshid ◽  
Meiliang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Plant Abiotic Stress

Abstract Background The immobile nature of plants means that they can be frequently confronted by various biotic and abiotic stresses during their lifecycle. Among the various abiotic stresses, water stress, temperature extremities, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity are the major abiotic stresses challenging overall plant growth. Plants have evolved complex molecular mechanisms to adapt under the given abiotic stresses. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)—a diverse class of RNAs that contain > 200 nucleotides(nt)—play an essential role in plant adaptation to various abiotic stresses. Results LncRNAs play a significant role as ‘biological regulators’ for various developmental processes and biotic and abiotic stress responses in animals and plants at the transcription, post-transcription, and epigenetic level, targeting various stress-responsive mRNAs, regulatory gene(s) encoding transcription factors, and numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate the expression of different genes. However, the mechanistic role of lncRNAs at the molecular level, and possible target gene(s) contributing to plant abiotic stress response and adaptation, remain largely unknown. Here, we review various types of lncRNAs found in different plant species, with a focus on understanding the complex molecular mechanisms that contribute to abiotic stress tolerance in plants. We start by discussing the biogenesis, type and function, phylogenetic relationships, and sequence conservation of lncRNAs. Next, we review the role of lncRNAs controlling various abiotic stresses, including drought, heat, cold, heavy metal toxicity, and nutrient deficiency, with relevant examples from various plant species. Lastly, we briefly discuss the various lncRNA databases and the role of bioinformatics for predicting the structural and functional annotation of novel lncRNAs. Conclusions Understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms of stress-responsive lncRNAs is in its infancy. The availability of a comprehensive atlas of lncRNAs across whole genomes in crop plants, coupled with a comprehensive understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms that regulate various abiotic stress responses, will enable us to use lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for tailoring abiotic stress-tolerant plants in the future.

scholarly journals The Role of Polyphenols in Abiotic Stress Response: The Influence of Molecular Structure

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Dunja Šamec ◽  
Erna Karalija ◽  
Ivana Šola ◽  
Valerija Vujčić Bok ◽  
Branka Salopek-Sondi
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Abiotic Stressors

Abiotic stressors such as extreme temperatures, drought, flood, light, salt, and heavy metals alter biological diversity and crop production worldwide. Therefore, it is important to know the mechanisms by which plants cope with stress conditions. Polyphenols, which are the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites, are generally recognized as molecules involved in stress protection in plants. This diverse group of metabolites contains various structures, from simple forms consisting of one aromatic ring to more complex ones consisting of large number of polymerized molecules. Consequently, all these molecules, depending on their structure, may show different roles in plant growth, development, and stress protection. In the present review, we aimed to summarize data on how different polyphenol structures influence their biological activity and their roles in abiotic stress responses. We focused our review on phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, and lignans.

scholarly journals Expression Profiling of Abiotic Stress-Inducible Genes in response to Multiple Stresses in Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Varieties with Contrasting Level of Stress Tolerance

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supratim Basu ◽  
Aryadeep Roychoudhury
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Multiple Stresses ◽  
Conserved Sequence

The present study considered transcriptional profiles and protein expression analyses from shoot and/or root tissues under three abiotic stress conditions, namely, salinity, dehydration, and cold, as well as following exogenous abscisic acid treatment, at different time points of stress exposure in threeindicarice varieties, IR-29 (salt sensitive), Pokkali, and Nonabokra (both salt tolerant). The candidate genes chosen for expression studies wereHKT-1, SOS-3, NHX-1, SAPK5, SAPK7, NAC-1, Rab16A, OSBZ8, DREBP2, CRT/DREBP, WRKY24,andWRKY71, along with the candidate proteins OSBZ8, SAMDC, and GST. Gene expression profile revealed considerable differences between the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice varieties, as the expression in the latter was higher even at the constitutive level, whereas it was inducible only by corresponding stress signals in IR-29. Whether in roots or shoots, the transcriptional responses to different stressors peaked following 24 h of stress/ABA exposure, and the transcript levels enhanced gradually with the period of exposure. The generality of stress responses at the transcriptional level was therefore time dependent. Heat map data also showed differential transcript abundance in the three varieties, correlating the observation with transcript profiling.In silicoanalysis of the upstream regions of all the genes represented the existence of conserved sequence motifs in single or multiple copies that are indispensable to abiotic stress response. Overall, the transcriptome and proteome analysis undertaken in the present study indicated that genes/proteins conferring tolerance, belonging to different functional classes, were overrepresented, thus providing novel insight into the functional basis of multiple stress tolerance inindicarice varieties. The present work will pave the way in future to select gene(s) for overexpression, so as to generate broad spectrum resistance to multiple stresses simultaneously.

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