scholarly journals Seasonal Metabolic Investigation in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Highlights the Role of Amino Acids in Genotype- and Organ-Specific Adaptive Responses to Freezing Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Yazdanpanah ◽  
Parisa Jonoubi ◽  
Mehrshad Zeinalabedini ◽  
Homa Rajaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ghaffari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Metabolic Remodeling ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Metabolic Investigation ◽  
Distinct Features

Every winter, temperate woody plants have to cope with freezing stress. Winter hardiness is of crucial importance for pomegranate survival and productivity. A comparative morphological and metabolic study was conducted on the stems and buds of 15 field-grown mature pomegranate genotypes in seven time-points during two developmental cycles. Seasonal changes of frost hardiness, as determined by electrolyte leakage method, and metabolite analysis by HPLC and GC revealed the variability in frost hardiness and metabolic contents result from genetic background and organ, as well as seasonal condition. Morphological adaptations, as well as metabolic remodeling, are the distinct features of the hardy genotypes. Larger buds with a greater number of compressed scales and the higher number of protective leaves, together with the higher number and content of changed metabolites, especially amino acids, seem to provide a higher frost resistance for those trees. We recorded two-times the change in metabolites and several-times accumulation of amino acids in the stem compared with buds. A better potential of stem for metabolome adjustment during the hardening period and a higher level of tolerance to stress is therefore suggested. High levels of arginine, proline, glutamine, and asparagine, and particularly the accumulation of alanine, tryptophan, and histidine are responsible for excellent tolerance of the stem of tolerant genotypes. With regard to the protective roles of amino acids, a relation between stress tolerance and the level of amino acids is proposed. This points both to the importance of amino acids in the winter survival of pomegranate trees, and to the evaluation of frost tolerance in other plants, by these specific markers.

Abstract 86: Catabolic Remodeling of Branched Chain Amino Acids in Heart Failure

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haipeng Sun ◽  
Meiyi Zhou ◽  
Chen Gao ◽  
Kristine Olson ◽  
Ji-Youn Youn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Metabolic Remodeling ◽  
Branched Chain

Metabolic remodeling is an integral part of heart failure. Although glucose and fatty acids metabolism have been extensively studied, little is known about the role of amino acids homeostasis in heart physiology and pathology. Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential amino acids for both protein synthesis and cellular signaling. Elevated levels of BCAAs have been linked with heart failure. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism and functional significance of abnormal BCAA catabolism in heart failure have not been established. We found that genes involved in BCAA catabolism, including a key regulatory protein PP2Cm, are significantly down-regulated at mRNA as well as protein level in pressure-overload induced failing heart in mice. Furthermore, the concentrations of BCAA catabolic products branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) are also elevated in heart tissues of post TAC mice. Interestingly, the down-regulation of BCAA catabolic genes mimics a similar expression pattern observed in fetal heart, suggesting that decreased BCAA catabolic activity is part of the metabolic remodeling in pathologically stressed heart from an adult to a fetal-like state. Genetic ablation of PP2Cm in mouse leads to defect in BCAA catabolism and accumulation of BCAAs and BCKAs in cardiac tissue and serum. PP2Cm deficient mice had lower cardiac contractility and higher susceptibility to develop heart failure under pressure overload. In addition, BCKAs treatment to isolated mitochondria resulted in lower oxygen consumption rate and ATP production. PP2Cm deficiency as well as BCKAs treatment induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocyte and antioxidant treatment ameliorated the development of heart failure in PP2Cm deficient animals. Together, these data indicated that BCAA catabolic remodeling is likely an integrated component of metabolic remodeling during heart failure. More importantly, mis-regulation of BCAA catabolism in heart promoted heart failure progression, involving direct impact on mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis in cardiomyocytes.

Intraspecific variation for frost hardiness in white clover

1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Caradus ◽  
Allison C. Mackay ◽  
J. Van Den Bosch ◽  
D. H. Greer ◽  
G. Sirimathie Wewala
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Cold Hardy

SummaryThe frost hardiness of 5-month-old seedlings of 12 white clover cultivars was examined at – 4, – 8, – 12 and – 16°C and in a subsequent study the frost hardiness of 6-month-old seedlings of 190 experimental lines and 23 cultivars and ecotypes was determined at – 12°C. There were large differences among cultivars and lines in frost tolerance based on the percentage of plants damaged and the percentage of leaves killed. The most frost-hardy were the cultivars Podkowa and Undrom and ecotypes collected from Kaikoura and Nelson Lakes. There was no significant, correlation between the percentage germination of cultivars at 4 °C and their subsequent frost hardiness.Large-leaved, erect cultivars tended to be more frost sensitive than small-leaved, prostrate cultivars. Frost-tolerant cultivars and lines tended to be acyanogenic. Selection for low winter growth did not increase frost tolerance. However, lines derived from crosses between genotypes of cold-hardy lines selected for rapid germination at 4 °C were more frost-hardy than lines from genotypes selected in a similar way that had been crossed with unselected Huia genotypes.

scholarly journals The Roots of Plant Frost Hardiness and Tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Ambroise ◽  
Sylvain Legay ◽  
Gea Guerriero ◽  
Jean-Francois Hausman ◽  
Ann Cuypers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Frost Hardening ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites

Abstract Frost stress severely affects agriculture and agroforestry worldwide. Although many studies about frost hardening and resistance have been published, most of them focused on the aboveground organs and only a minority specifically targets the roots. However, roots and aboveground tissues have different physiologies and stress response mechanisms. Climate models predict an increase in the magnitude and frequency of late-frost events, which, together with an observed loss of soil insulation, will greatly decrease plant primary production due to damage at the root level. Molecular and metabolic responses inducing root cold hardiness are complex. They involve a variety of processes related to modifications in cell wall composition, maintenance of the cellular homeostasis and the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. After a summary of the current climatic models, this review details the specificity of freezing stress at the root level and explores the strategies roots developed to cope with freezing stress. We then describe the level to which roots can be frost hardy, depending on their age, size category and species. After that, we compare the environmental signals inducing cold acclimation and frost hardening in the roots and aboveground organs. Subsequently, we discuss how roots sense cold at a cellular level and briefly describe the following signal transduction pathway, which leads to molecular and metabolic responses associated with frost hardening. Finally, the current options available to increase root frost tolerance are explored and promising lines of future research are discussed.

Phylogenetic and topological analyses of the bovine interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM3)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Chan Kim ◽  
Byung-Hoon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Multiple Sequence Alignment ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Distinct Features

AbstractInterferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) plays a pivotal role in antiviral capacity in several species. However, to date, investigations of the IFITM3 protein in cattle have been rare. According to recent studies, interspecific differences in the IFITM3 protein result in several unique features of the IFITM3 protein relative to primates and birds. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the bovine IFITM3 protein based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences to find its distinct features. We found that the bovine IFITM3 gene showed a significantly different length and homology relative to other species, including primates, rodents and birds. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the bovine IFITM3 gene and IFITM3 protein showed closer evolutionary distance with primates than with rodents. However, cattle showed an independent clade among primates, rodents and birds. Multiple sequence alignment of the IFITM3 protein indicated that the bovine IFITM3 protein contains 36 bovine-specific amino acids. Notably, the bovine IFITM3 protein was predicted to prefer inside-to-outside topology of intramembrane domain 1 (IMD1) and inside-to-outside topology of transmembrane domain 2 by TMpred and three membrane embedding domains according to the SOSUI system.

scholarly journals Saussurea involucrata (Snow Lotus) ICE1 and ICE2 Orthologues Involved in Regulating Cold Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10850
Author(s):  
Chia-Ling Wu ◽  
Lee-Fong Lin ◽  
Hsiao-Chun Hsu ◽  
Li-Fen Huang ◽  
Chung-Der Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Saussurea Involucrata ◽  
Act Domain ◽  
Snow Lotus

As with other environmental stresses, cold stress limits plant growth, geographical distribution, and agricultural productivity. CBF/DREB (CRT-binding factors/DRE-binding proteins) regulate tolerance to cold/freezing stress across plant species. ICE (inducer of CBF expression) is regarded as the upstream inducer of CBF expression and plays a crucial role as a main regulator of cold acclimation. Snow lotus (Saussurea involucrata) is a well-known traditional Chinese herb. This herb is known to have greater tolerance to cold/freezing stress compared to other plants. According to transcriptome datasets, two putative ICE homologous genes, SiICE1 and SiICE2, were identified in snow lotus. The predicted SiICE1 cDNA contains an ORF of 1506 bp, encoding a protein of 501 amino acids, whereas SiICE2 cDNA has an ORF of 1482 bp, coding for a protein of 493 amino acids. Sequence alignment and structure analysis show SiICE1 and SiICE2 possess a S-rich motif at the N-terminal region, while the conserved ZIP-bHLH domain and ACT domain are at the C-terminus. Both SiICE1 and SiICE2 transcripts were cold-inducible. Subcellular localization and yeast one-hybrid assays revealed that SiICE1 and SiICE2 are transcriptional regulators. Overexpression of SiICE1 (35S::SiICE1) and SiICE2 (35S::SiICE2) in transgenic Arabidopsis increased the cold tolerance. In addition, the expression patterns of downstream stress-related genes, CBF1, CBF2, CBF3, COR15A, COR47, and KIN1, were up-regulated when compared to the wild type. These results thus provide evidence that SiICE1 and SiICE2 function in cold acclimation and this cold/freezing tolerance may be regulated through a CBF-controlling pathway.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis of therapeutic plants occurring in Dera Ismail Khan Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Sugar Amino Acids ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Plants contain different types of bio-active compounds that can be used to cure many diseases and also they can cure against many infectious diseases. These compounds are known as phytochemicals they may be primary or secondary constituents. Primary constituents have proteins, sugar, amino acids. Secondary constituents contain terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids. These compounds have antifungal as well as antibacterial activities.In this study different plants that are commonly found in Dera Ismail Khan region was investigated for phytochemical analysis, These plants were Acacia Nilotica, Luffa Cylindrical, Morus Nigra, Morus Alba, Punica Granatum and Psidium Guava commonly available in Dera Ismail khan region of Pakistan. Leaves, flower and fruits were washed, dried in air and ground to powdered. Aqueous extracts of leaves, flower and fruits were used for phytochemical analysis. All the parts were rich in phytochemicals i.e. terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids and steroids, etc. The phytochemical analysis has a great interest in pharmaceutical industries for new drugs and for curing different diseases. These phytochemicals found in this study can be used for curing different diseases.

scholarly journals Isolation of a high-molecular-weight high-mobility-group-type non-histone protein from hen oviduct

1978 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Teng ◽  
K Gallagher ◽  
C T Teng
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Histone Protein ◽  
Basic Amino Acids ◽  
Group Type ◽  
High Mobility Group Proteins ◽  
Organ Specific

An organ-specific non-histone protein, with a mol.wt. of 95,000, was isolated from hen oviduct. This protein consists of approximately equal amounts of acidic and basic amino acids and has an isolectric point of 7.4. On the basis of its known characteristics, this protein is similar to the high-mobility-group proteins observed in other tissues.

scholarly journals Physiological activation of the nephron central command drives endogenous kidney tissue regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Gyarmati ◽  
Urvi Nikhil Shroff ◽  
Anne Riquier-Brison ◽  
Dorinne Desposito ◽  
Wenjun Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Renal Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Control Resident

Tissue regeneration is limited in several organs including the kidney, contributing to the high prevalence of kidney disease globally. However, evolutionary and physiological adaptive responses and the presence of renal progenitor cells suggest existing remodeling capacity. This study uncovered a novel endogenous tissue remodeling mechanism in the kidney that is activated by the loss of body fluid and salt and involves a unique niche of chief cells called macula densa (MD) that control resident progenitor cells via secreted angiogenic, growth and extracellular matrix remodeling factors, cytokines and chemokines. Serial intravital imaging, MD Wnt mouse models and transcriptome analysis provide functional and molecular characterization of this newly identified MD program for kidney regeneration complemented with human and therapeutic translation. The concept that chief cells responding to organ-specific physiological inputs control local progenitors and direct them to remodel or repair tissues may be applicable to other organs and diverse tissue regenerative therapeutic strategies.

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