scholarly journals Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate Priming Ameliorates Seed Germination via Involvement in Hormonal Changes, Osmotic Adjustment, and Dehydrins Accumulation in White Clover Under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Wan Geng ◽  
Weihang Zeng ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Seeds Germination

Drought is a serious outcome of climate change reducing the productivity of forage species under arid and semi-arid conditions worldwide. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), a novel plant growth regulator, has proven to be involved in the amelioration of critical physiological functions in many agricultural crops under various abiotic stresses, but the role of the DA-6 in improving seed germination has never been investigated under drought stress. The present study was carried out to elucidate the impact of the DA-6 priming on seeds germination of white clover under drought stress. Results showed that seed priming with the DA-6 significantly mitigated the drought-induced reduction in germination percentage, germination vigor, germination index, seed vigor index, root length, shoot length, and fresh weight after 7 days of seed germination. The DA-6 significantly increased the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin, and cytokinin content with marked reduction in abscisic acid content in seedlings under drought stress. In addition, the DA-6 significantly accelerated starch catabolism by enhancing the activities of hydrolases contributing toward enhanced soluble sugars, proline content and ameliorated the antioxidant defense system to enhance the ability of reactive oxygen species scavenging under drought stress. Furthermore, exogenous DA-6 application significantly increased dehydrins accumulation and upregulated transcript levels of genes encoding dehydrins (SK2, Y2SK, or DHNb) during seeds germination under water deficient condition. These findings suggested that the DA-6 mediated seeds germination and drought tolerance associated with changes in endogenous phytohormones resulting in increased starch degradation, osmotic adjustment, antioxidants activity, and dehydrins accumulation during seed germination under water deficient condition.

scholarly journals γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Priming Improves Seed Germination and Seedling Stress Tolerance Associated With Enhanced Antioxidant Metabolism, DREB Expression, and Dehydrin Accumulation in White Clover Under Water Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
Limited Condition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Seeds Germination

As an important plant growth regulator, the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in regulating seeds germination was less well elucidated under water stress. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of GABA pretreatment on seeds germination of white clover (Trifolium repens) under water deficient condition. Results demonstrated that seeds pretreated with 2μmol/l GABA significantly alleviated decreases in endogenous GABA content, germination percentage, germination potential, germination index, root length, and fresh weight along with marked reduction in mean germination time after 7days of germination under drought stress. In addition, seeds priming with GABA significantly increased the accumulation of soluble sugars, non-enzymatic antioxidants [reduced ascorbate, dehydroascorbic acid, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and reduced glutathione (GSH)], and enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathioe reductase, and monodehydroasorbate reductase (MDHR)] activities involved in antioxidant metabolism, which could be associated with significant reduction in osmotic potential and the accumulation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, electrical leakage, and malondialdehyde in seeds under drought stress. The GABA-pretreated seeds exhibited significantly higher abundance of dehydrin (DHN, 56 KDa) and expression levels of DHNs encoding genes (SK2, Y2K, Y2SK, and Dehydrin b) and transcription factors (DREB2, DREB3, DREB4, and DREB5) than the untreated seeds during germination under water-limited condition. These results indicated that the GABA regulated improvement in seeds germination associated with enhancement in osmotic adjustment, antioxidant metabolism, and DREB-related DHNs expression. Current study will provide a better insight about the GABA-regulated defense mechanism during seeds germination under water-limited condition.

scholarly journals Pretreatment with NaCl Promotes the Seed Germination of White Clover by Affecting Endogenous Phytohormones, Metabolic Regulation, and Dehydrin-Encoded Genes Expression under Water Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3570
Author(s):  
Yiqin Cao ◽  
Linlin Liang ◽  
Bizhen Cheng ◽  
Yue Dong ◽  
Jiaqi Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
Seeds Germination

This study was designed to examine the effects of NaCl pretreatment on the seed germination of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Ladino) under water stress induced by 19% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. Lower concentrations of NaCl (0.5, 1, and 2.5 mM) pretreatment significantly alleviated stress-induced decreases in germination percentage, germination vigor, germination index, and radicle length of seedlings after seven days of germination under water stress. The soaking with 1 mM of NaCl exhibited most the pronounced effects on improving seed germination and alleviating stress damage. NaCl-induced seeds germination and growth could be associated with the increases in endogenous gibberellic acid (GA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels through activating amylases leading to improved amylolysis under water stress. Seedlings pretreated with NaCl had a significantly lower osmotic potential than untreated seedlings during seed germination, which could be related to significantly higher soluble sugars and free proline content in NaCl-treated seedlings under water stress. For antioxidant metabolism, NaCl pretreatment mainly improved superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities, transcript levels of FeSOD, APX, and DHAR, and the content of ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, and oxidized glutathione during seed germination under water stress. The results indicated that seeds soaking with NaCl could remarkably enhance antioxidant metabolism, thereby decreasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation during germination under water stress. In addition, NaCl-upregulated dehydrin-encoded genes SK2 expression could be another important mechanism of drought tolerance during seeds germination of white clover in response to water stress.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity and Osmotic Adjustment as Components of the Drought Tolerance Mechanism in Carex duriuscula

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Peichen Hou ◽  
Feifei Wang ◽  
Bin Luo ◽  
Aixue Li ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Drought stress is a major environmental constraint for plant growth. Climate-change-driven increases in ambient temperatures resulted in reduced or unevenly distributed rainfalls, leading to increased soil drought. Carex duriuscula C. A. Mey is a typical drought-tolerant sedge, but few reports have examined the mechanisms conferring its tolerant traits. In the present study, the drought responses of C. duriuscula were assessed by quantifying activity of antioxidant enzymes in its leaf and root tissues and evaluating the relative contribution of organic and inorganic osmolyte in plant osmotic adjustment, linking it with the patterns of the ion acquisition by roots. Two levels of stress—mild (MD) and severe (SD) drought treatments—were used, followed by re-watering. Drought stress caused reduction in a relative water content and chlorophyll content of leaves; this was accompanied by an increase in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2−) contents in leaves and roots. Under MD stress, the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased in leaves, whereas, in roots, only CAT and POD activities increased. SD stress led to an increase in the activities of CAT, POD, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and GPX in both tissues. The levels of proline, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins in the leaves also increased. Under both MD and SD stress conditions, C. duriuscula increased K+, Na+, and Cl− uptake by plant roots, which resulted in an increased K+, Na+, and Cl− concentrations in leaves and roots. This reliance on inorganic osmolytes enables a cost-efficient osmotic adjustment in C. duriuscula. Overall, this study revealed that C. duriuscula was able to survive arid environments due to an efficient operation of its ROS-scavenging systems and osmotic adjustment mechanisms.

scholarly journals The γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Alleviates Salt Stress Damage during Seeds Germination of White Clover Associated with Na+/K+ Transportation, Dehydrins Accumulation, and Stress-Related Genes Expression in White Clover

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bizhen Cheng ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
Linlin Liang ◽  
Yiqin Cao ◽  
Weihang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Seeds Germination

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soaking with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa) seed germination under salt stress induced by 100 mM NaCl. Seeds soaking with GABA (1 μM) significantly alleviated salt-induced decreases in endogenous GABA content, germination percentage, germination vigor, germination index, shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight, and root activity of seedling during seven days of germination. Exogenous application of GABA accelerated starch catabolism via the activation of amylase and also significantly reduced water-soluble carbohydrate, free amino acid, and free proline content in seedlings under salt stress. In addition, improved antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPOX, CAT, APX, DHAR, GR and MDHR) and gene transcript levels (Cu/ZnSOD, FeSOD, MnSOD, CAT, GPOX, APX, MDHR, GPX and GST) was induced by seeds soaking with GABA, followed by decreases in O2∙−, H2O2, and MDA accumulation during germination under salt stress. Seeds soaking with GABA could also significantly improve Na+/K+ content and transcript levels of genes encoding Na+/K+ transportation (HKT1, HKT8, HAL2, H+-ATPase and SOS1) in seedlings of white clover. Moreover, exogenous GABA significantly induced the accumulation of dehydrins and expression of genes encoding dehydrins (SK2, Y2K, Y2SK, and dehydrin b) in seedlings under salt stress. These results indicate that GABA mitigates the salt damage during seeds germination through enhancing starch catabolism and the utilization of sugar and amino acids for the maintenance of growth, improving the antioxidant defense for the alleviation of oxidative damage, increasing Na+/K+ transportation for the osmotic adjustment, and promoting dehydrins accumulation for antioxidant and osmotic adjustment under salt stress.

scholarly journals The nature of the progression of drought stress drives differential metabolomic responses in Populus deltoides

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy James Tschaplinski ◽  
Paul E Abraham ◽  
Sara S Jawdy ◽  
Lee E Gunter ◽  
Madhavi Z Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Populus Species

Abstract Background and Aims The use of woody crops for Quad-level (approx. 1 × 1018 J) energy production will require marginal agricultural lands that experience recurrent periods of water stress. Populus species have the capacity to increase dehydration tolerance by lowering osmotic potential via osmotic adjustment. The aim of this study was to investigate how the inherent genetic potential of a Populus clone to respond to drought interacts with the nature of the drought to determine the degree of biochemical response. Methods A greenhouse drought stress study was conducted on Populus deltoides ‘WV94’ and the resulting metabolite profiles of leaves were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry following trimethylsilylation for plants subjected to cyclic mild (–0.5 MPa pre-dawn leaf water potential) drought vs. cyclic severe (–1.26 MPa) drought in contrast to well-watered controls (–0.1 MPa) after two or four drought cycles, and in contrast to plants subjected to acute drought, where plants were desiccated for up to 8 d. Key Results The nature of drought (cyclic vs. acute), frequency of drought (number of cycles) and the severity of drought (mild vs. severe) all dictated the degree of osmotic adjustment and the nature of the organic solutes that accumulated. Whereas cyclic drought induced the largest responses in primary metabolism (soluble sugars, organic acids and amino acids), acute onset of prolonged drought induced the greatest osmotic adjustment and largest responses in secondary metabolism, especially populosides (hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates of salicin). Conclusions The differential adaptive metabolite responses in cyclic vs. acute drought suggest that stress acclimation occurs via primary metabolism in response to cyclic drought, whereas expanded metabolic plasticity occurs via secondary metabolism following severe, acute drought. The shift in carbon partitioning to aromatic metabolism with the production of a diverse suite of higher order salicylates lowers osmotic potential and increases the probability of post-stress recovery.

Contrasting adaptations to drought stress in field-grown Ziziphus mauritiana and Prunus persica trees: water relations, osmotic adjustment and carbon isotope composition

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan K. Arndt ◽  
Wolfgang Wanek ◽  
Sean C. Clifford ◽  
Marianne Popp
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Carbon Isotope Composition ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana

Drought resistance strategies of Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. and peach (Prunus persica L.) were studied, focusing on changes in leaf water potential, carbon isotope composition, and solute and stress metabolite contents during an annual cycle under natural rainfed conditions at a field site in Zimbabwe. After a 100-d drought period, leaf water potential (yleaf) of peach trees decreased to –2.0 MPa, whereas yleaf of Z. mauritiana remained constant at –0.7 MPa. Values for the natural abundance of 13 C (d13 C) of bulk peach leaves as well as of total water-soluble compounds and soluble sugars of leaves increased gradually, resulting in significantly higher values as drought stress developed, indicative of increased water use efficiency (WUE). By the end of the dry season, both leaves and roots of peach exhibited osmotic adjustment, with significant accumulation of monosaccharide sugars, anions and cations in the leaves. Sorbitol and oxalate accounted for the greatest proportion of solute increases during drought, while foliar sucrose content decreased. In roots, soluble sugars such as sorbitol, glucose and fructose all increased, whereas root starch content decreased. For Z. mauritiana leaves, neither d13 C values nor soluble sugar concentrations changed markedly during the study period, and Z. mauritiana plants showed no osmotic adjustment during the dry season. Data indicate that the two species exhibited different strategies for coping with soil moisture deficits under field conditions. Although Z. mauritiana exhibited the capacity for osmotic adjustment in glasshouse experiments, the trees avoided drought stress in this investigation, which is an indication of a root system that has access to deeper moist soil layers. In contrast, the increased WUE in peach is likely due to stomatal control of water loss with onset of drought stress. The observed active osmotic adjustment to maintain turgor is in contrast to glasshouse studies, where no osmotic adjustment was found, and emphasizes the importance of field studies where stress develops more slowly.

Effects of different plant hormones or PEG seed soaking on maize resistance to drought stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1491-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiheng Yuan ◽  
Chuntian Wang ◽  
ShiPeng Li ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Fuju Tai
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Maize Resistance

Yuan, Z., Wang, C., Li, S., Li, X. and Tai, F. 2014. Effects of different plant hormones or PEG seed soaking on maize resistance to drought stress. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1491–1499. Drought stress has a major impact on plant growth and productivity, and seed soaking is an important way to increase seedling resistance to drought stress. This study investigated whether drought hardening chemicals, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), or plant growth regulators enhance plant drought tolerance. The effects of PEG and several plant hormones, such as indoleacetic acid, gibberellic acid 3, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), on seed germination and seedling growth under drought stress were analyzed. The results revealed that seed soaking with 5×10−3 mg L−1 6-BA or 10% PEG improved maize seed germination parameters under drought stress, including seedlings dry weight, seed vigor and germination rate. In addition, some physiological indices, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, soluble protein contents and malondialdehyde etc. in seedlings under drought stress were improved compared with the control. Therefore, the application of 6-BA or PEG as a seed soak treatment had a significant and synergistic effect on seed germination and seedling growth under drought stress. However, the PEG seed soak treatment maybe slightly lead to plant damage and then improved plant ability to acquire some resistance to stress, the 6-BA were not so.

scholarly journals Osmoregulants Involved in Osmotic Adjustment for Differential Drought Tolerance in Different Bentgrass Genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanqing Liu ◽  
Yixin Shen ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Highly Correlated

Compatible solute accumulation regulating osmotic adjustment (OA) is associated with drought tolerance. The objectives of this study were to examine genetic variations in OA among a diverse group of bentgrass (Agrostis sp.) genotypes or lines with differential drought tolerance, and determine major types of organic osmoregulants contributing to OA and accounting for the genetic variations in drought tolerance. A wild type cultivar of creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera (Penncross)], a transgenic line of creeping bentgrass (SAGIPT41), and four hybrid bentgrass lines [Agrostis capillaris × Agrostis stolonifera (ColxCr14, ColxCr190, ColxCr481, and ColxCr679)] were exposed to drought stress by withholding irrigation for 17 days in growth chambers. Among genotypes, ColxCr14, ColxCr190, and SAGIPT41 showed superior drought tolerance, as manifested by higher turf quality (TQ) and leaf relative water content (RWC), as well as OA than ‘Penncross’, ColxCr679, and ColxCr481 under drought stress. SAGIPT41 leaves accumulated greater content of soluble sugars (glucose, sucrose, and fructose), proline, glycine betaine (GB), and spermine; ColxCr190 had higher content of soluble sugars and spermidine; and ColxCr14 accumulated more soluble sugars and GB, compared with the three drought-sensitive genotypes. Soluble sugars were predominant contributors to OA, followed by GB and proline, with all three forms of polyamine (PA) as minor contributors in bentgrass genotypes. The osmolytes highly correlated to OA and superior drought tolerance could be used as biomarkers to select for drought-tolerant germplasm of bentgrass and other cool-season turfgrass species.

scholarly journals Copper Chlorophyllin Impacts on Growth and Drought Stress Tolerance of Tomato Plants

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2195-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunzhong Zhang ◽  
Mike Goatley ◽  
Jamie Conner ◽  
Megan Wilkins ◽  
Inna Teshler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Capacity ◽  
Leaf Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Paraffinic Oil

Plant-based pigments have been used as substances to improve crop yield and quality, but the mechanisms of their action on plant growth and stress tolerance are not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of two formulations of plant-based copper chlorophyllin (Cu-Chl) with and without synthetic paraffinic oil. These formulations, referred to as B18-0074 and B18-0075, were applied as a soil drench plus foliar or a foliar-only application. We investigated their impact on physiological responses of tomato plants under prolonged drought stress conditions. In addition, we examined photosynthetic impacts associated with the application of Cu-Chl formulations. B18-0074 increased leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 8.8% with soil plus foliar application and 18.6% with foliar application relative to the control under drought stress at day 21. Similarly, B18-0075 increased Pn by 16.9% with soil plus foliar application and 24.6% with foliar application relative to the control under drought stress at day 21. The application of the two Cu-Chl–containing products increased leaf antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, as well as glutathione (GSH) content. The two products also increased leaf soluble sugars and proline content, indicating improvement of osmotic adjustment. Soil plus foliar and foliar application only of B18-0075 increased root biomass but did not consistently affect plant shoot growth. The results of this study suggest that application of Cu-Chl in combination with synthetic paraffinic oil may improve photosynthetic function, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defense capacity, and root growth of tomato plant grown under drought stress conditions.

scholarly journals Melatonin improves the germination rate of cotton seeds under drought stress by opening pores in the seed coat

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9450
Author(s):  
Yandan Bai ◽  
Shuang Xiao ◽  
Zichen Zhang ◽  
Yongjiang Zhang ◽  
Hongchun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Germination And Growth

The germination of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seeds is affected by drought stress; however, little is known about the physiological mechanism affecting germination and the effect of melatonin (MT) on cotton seed germination under drought stress. Therefore, we studied the effects of exogenous MT on the antioxidant capacity and epidermal microstructure of cotton under drought stress. The results demonstrated a retarded water absorption capacity of testa under drought stress, significantly inhibiting germination and growth in cotton seeds. Drought stress led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and osmoregulatory substances (e.g., proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugars); it also decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and α-amylase. Drought stress inhibited gibberellin acid (GA3) synthesis and increased abscisic acid (ABA) content, seriously affecting seed germination. However, seeds pre-soaked with MT (100 µM) showed a positive regulation in the number and opening of stomata in cotton testa. The exogenous application of MT increased the germination rate, germination potential, radical length, and fresh weight, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and α-amylase. In addition, MT application increased the contents of organic osmotic substances by decreasing the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2-), and MDA levels under drought stress. Further analysis demonstrated that seeds pre-soaked with MT alleviated drought stress by affecting the ABA and GA3 contents. Our findings show that MT plays a positive role in protecting cotton seeds from drought stress.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document