scholarly journals Non-Volatile Metabolic Profiling and Regulatory Network Analysis in Fresh Shoots of Tea Plant and Its Wild Relatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Kai Jiang ◽  
Zhi-Long Liu ◽  
Xuan-Ye Li ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Jian-Qiang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Regulatory Relationship ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

There are numerous non-volatile metabolites in the fresh shoots of tea plants. However, we know little about the complex relationship between the content of these metabolites and their gene expression levels. In investigating this, this study involved non-volatile metabolites from 68 accessions of tea plants that were detected and identified using untargeted metabolomics. The tea accessions were divided into three groups from the results of a principal component analysis based on the relative content of the metabolites. There were differences in variability between the primary and secondary metabolites. Furthermore, correlations among genes, gene metabolites, and metabolites were conducted based on Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) values. This study offered several significant insights into the co-current network of genes and metabolites in the global genetic background. Thus, the study is useful for providing insights into the regulatory relationship of the genetic basis for predominant metabolites in fresh tea shoots.

scholarly journals Genetic basis of high aroma and stress tolerance in the oolong tea cultivar genome

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengjie Wang ◽  
Jiaxin Yu ◽  
Shan Jin ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Chuan Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Terpene Synthases ◽  
Oolong Tea ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Aroma Characteristics ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Tea Cultivar

AbstractTea plants (Camellia sinensis) are commercially cultivated in >60 countries, and their fresh leaves are processed into tea, which is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Although several chromosome-level tea plant genomes have been published, they collapsed the two haplotypes and ignored a large number of allelic variations that may underlie important biological functions in this species. Here, we present a phased chromosome-scale assembly for an elite oolong tea cultivar, “Huangdan”, that is well known for its high levels of aroma. Based on the two sets of haplotype genome data, we identified numerous genetic variations and a substantial proportion of allelic imbalance related to important traits, including aroma- and stress-related alleles. Comparative genomics revealed extensive structural variations as well as expansion of some gene families, such as terpene synthases (TPSs), that likely contribute to the high-aroma characteristics of the backbone parent, underlying the molecular basis for the biosynthesis of aroma-related chemicals in oolong tea. Our results uncovered the genetic basis of special features of this oolong tea cultivar, providing fundamental genomic resources to study evolution and domestication for the economically important tea crop.

scholarly journals Genome-level diversification of eight ancient tea populations in the Guizhou and Yunnan regions identifies candidate genes for core agronomic traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Litang Lu ◽  
Hufang Chen ◽  
Xiaojing Wang ◽  
Yichen Zhao ◽  
Xinzhuan Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Tea Plants

AbstractThe ancient tea plant, as a precious natural resource and source of tea plant genetic diversity, is of great value for studying the evolutionary mechanism, diversification, and domestication of plants. The overall genetic diversity among ancient tea plants and the genetic changes that occurred during natural selection remain poorly understood. Here, we report the genome resequencing of eight different groups consisting of 120 ancient tea plants: six groups from Guizhou Province and two groups from Yunnan Province. Based on the 8,082,370 identified high-quality SNPs, we constructed phylogenetic relationships, assessed population structure, and performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our phylogenetic analysis showed that the 120 ancient tea plants were mainly clustered into three groups and five single branches, which is consistent with the results of principal component analysis (PCA). Ancient tea plants were further divided into seven subpopulations based on genetic structure analysis. Moreover, it was found that the variation in ancient tea plants was not reduced by pressure from the external natural environment or artificial breeding (nonsynonymous/synonymous = 1.05). By integrating GWAS, selection signals, and gene function prediction, four candidate genes were significantly associated with three leaf traits, and two candidate genes were significantly associated with plant type. These candidate genes can be used for further functional characterization and genetic improvement of tea plants.

HUBUNGAN KEPADATAN BIVALVIA DENGAN PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN DI PESISIR TANJUNG PURA KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Sudiyar . ◽  
Okto Supratman ◽  
Indra Ambalika Syari
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Random System ◽  
System Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anadara Granosa

The destructive fishing feared will give a negative impact on the survival of this organism. This study aims to analyze the density of bivalves, distribution patterns, and to analyze the relationship of bivalves with environmental parameters in Tanjung Pura village. This research was conducted in March 2019. The systematic random system method was used for collecting data of bivalves. The collecting Data retrieval divided into five research stasions. The results obtained 6 types of bivalves from 3 families and the total is 115 individuals. The highest bivalve density is 4.56 ind / m², and the lowest bivalves are located at station 2,1.56 ind / m²,  The pattern of bivalve distribution in the Coastal of Tanjung Pura Village is grouping. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Anadara granosa species was positively correlated with TSS r = 0.890, Dosinia contusa, Anomalocardia squamosa, Mererix meretrix, Placamen isabellina, and Tellinella spengleri were positively correlated with currents r = 0.933.

scholarly journals Metabolic Changes of Amino Acids and Flavonoids in Tea Plants in Response to Inorganic Phosphate Limitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh KC ◽  
Meiya Liu ◽  
Qunfeng Zhang ◽  
Kai Fan ◽  
Yuanzhi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Phosphate Limitation ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Change Response ◽  
Tof Ms

The qualities of tea (Camellia sinensis) are not clearly understood in terms of integrated leading molecular regulatory network mechanisms behind inorganic phosphate (Pi) limitation. Thus, the present work aims to elucidate transcription factor-dependent responses of quality-related metabolites and the expression of genes to phosphate (P) starvation. The tea plant organs were subjected to metabolomics analysis by GC×GC-TOF/MS and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS along with transcription factors and 13 metabolic genes by qRT-PCR. We found P starvation upregulated SPX2 and the change response of Pi is highly dependent on young shoots. This led to increased change in abundance of carbohydrates (fructose and glucose), amino acids in leaves (threonine and methionine), and root (phenylalanine, alanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine). Flavonoids and their glycosides accumulated in leaves and root exposed to P limitation was consistent with the upregulated expression of anthocyanidin reductase (EC 1.3.1.77), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (EC 1.4.11.19) and glycosyltransferases (UGT78D1, UGT78D2 and UGT57L12). Despite the similar kinetics and high correlation response of Pi and SPX2 in young shoots, predominating theanine and other amino acids (serine, threonine, glutamate, valine, methionine, phenylalanine) and catechin (EGC, EGCG and CG) content displayed opposite changes in response to Pi limitation between Fengqing and Longjing-43 tea cultivars.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification and Characterization of Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hui Sun ◽  
Chin-Ying Yang ◽  
Jason Tzen
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Tea Plants

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) contains abundant secondary metabolites, which are regulated by numerous enzymes. Hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) is involved in the biosynthesis pathways of polyphenols and flavonoids, and it can catalyze the transfer of hydroxyconnamoyl coenzyme A to substrates such as quinate, flavanol glycoside, or anthocyanins, thus resulting in the production of chlorogenic acid or acylated flavonol glycoside. In this study, the CsHCT gene was cloned from the Chin-Shin Oolong tea plant, and its protein functions and characteristics were analyzed. The full-length cDNA of CsHCT contains 1311 base pairs and encodes 436 amino acid sequences. Amino acid sequence was highly conserved with other HCTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, Hibiscus cannabinus, and Coffea canephora. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that CsHCT is highly expressed in the stem tissues of both tea plants and seedlings. The CsHCT expression level was relatively high at high altitudes. The abiotic stress experiment suggested that low temperature, drought, and high salinity induced CsHCT transcription. Furthermore, the results of hormone treatments indicated that abscisic acid (ABA) induced a considerable increase in the CsHCT expression level. This may be attributed to CsHCT involvement in abiotic stress and ABA signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Genetic Basis Dissection for Eating and Cooking Qualities of Japonica Rice in Northeast China

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Yaolong Yang ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Mengchen Zhang ◽  
Qun Xu ◽  
Yue Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Expression Pattern Analysis ◽  
Gel Consistency

The japonica rice in Northeast China is famous because of its high quality. Eating and cooking qualities (ECQs) are the most important factors that determine cooked rice quality. However, the genetic basis of ECQ of japonica varieties in Northeast China needs further study. In this study, 200 japonica varieties that are widely distributed in Northeast China were collected to evaluate the physicochemical indices of grain ECQs. The distribution of each trait was concentrated without large variations. Correlation analysis indicated that gel consistency (GC) had a significantly negative correlation with gelatinization temperature (GT). By integrating various analyses including kinship calculation, principal component analysis (PCA), linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, and original parent investigation, we found that the japonica varieties in Northeast China exhibited a narrow genetic basis. An association study for grain ECQs was performed and eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected. ALK was the major locus that regulated GT and also significantly affecting GC. Through the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and expression pattern analysis, one possible candidate gene (LOC_Os02g29980) was predicted and required further research for validation. Additionally, a different allele of Wx was identified in the variety CH4126, and ALK was not fixed in these japonica varieties. These results further elucidate the genetic basis of ECQs of japonica varieties in Northeast China and provide local breeders some assistance for improving ECQs of rice grain in rice breeding.

scholarly journals Dissection of the genetic basis of oil content in Chinese peanut cultivars through association mapping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian Liu ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Weigang Chen ◽  
Bei Wu ◽  
Manish K. Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Mapping Panel ◽  
Stable Association ◽  
Faster Development

Abstract Background: Peanut is one of the primary sources for vegetable oil worldwide, and enhancing oil content is the main objective in several peanut breeding programs of the world. Tightly linked markers are required for faster development of high oil content peanut varieties through genomics-assisted breeding (GAB), and association mapping is one of the promising approaches for discovery of such associated markers. Results: An association mapping panel consisting of 292 peanut varieties extensively distributed in China was phenotyped for oil content and genotyped with 583 polymorphic SSR markers. These markers amplified 3663 alleles with an average of 6.28 alleles per locus. The structure, phylogenetic relationship, and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated two subgroups majorly differentiating based on geographic regions. Genome-wide association analysis identified 12 associated markers including one (AGGS1014_2) highly stable association controlling up to 9.94% phenotypic variance explained (PVE) across multiple environments. Interestingly, the frequency of the favorable alleles for 12 associated markers showed a geographic difference. Two associated markers (AGGS1014_2 and AHGS0798) with 6.90-9.94% PVE were verified to enhance oil content in an independent RIL population and also indicated selection during the breeding program. Conclusion: This study provided insights into the genetic basis of oil content in peanut and verified highly associated two SSR markers to facilitate marker-assisted selection for developing high-oil content breeding peanut varieties.

scholarly journals Correlation of environmental factors and spatial distribution of moluscs communities in mangrove reboisation areas of Seribu Islands, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrial Syahrial ◽  
Eryc Pranata ◽  
Hendri Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mangrove Reforestation

Mangrove reforestation is often carried out in various regions or regions, but information about the relationship of environmental factors and the distribution of fauna associations is still very minimal. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) study on the correlation of environmental factors and the spatial distribution of the molusks community in the Seribu Islands mangrove reforestation area was conducted in March 2014 with the aim of analyzing environmental factors for the diversity and presence of the molusks. Environmental factors are measured insecurely, while the moluccan community is collected by making line transects and plots measuring 10 x 10 m2 and in the size of 10 x 10 m2, a small plot of 1 x 1 m2 is made. The results of the study show that environmental factors are not so different between stations and do not exceed the quality standard for the lives of 4 species of mollusks, where the parameters of aquatic pH are the environmental factors that most influence their distribution.Keywords: environmental factors, distribution, mollusks community, mangrove reforestation, Seribu Islands

scholarly journals Effect of Inorganic and Organic Liquid Fertilizer Application with Different Application Frequency on Growth of Yielding Tea

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Faris Nur Fauzi Athallah ◽  
Restu Wulansari ◽  
Eko Pranoto ◽  
Muhammad Alimin
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Input factor is one of the determinator the quality and response of the tea plant growth. Inorganic fertilizer input still dominates in Indonesian plantations due to the lack of comprehensive evaluation of organic fertilizers, especially in liquid form. This study aims to determine the effect of inorganic and organic liquid fertilizer applications and the frequency of their application on the growth of tea plants. The experiment was carried out based on a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of six treatment combinations, including tap water application once a week, tap water once every two weeks, 1% urea once a week, 1% urea every two weeks, 1% POC once a week and 1% POC once every two weeks. Experiments were carried out on yielding tea plants with the 3rd year of pruning stage. The parameters observed were shoot production (kg/plot), weight of banji and pekoe (g/100g) and the ratio of banji/pekoe. The results showed that the application of urea foliar fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer with different application frequencies did not have a significant effect on each observed parameter. Application of 1% liquid organic fertilizer once every two weeks has the potential to increase tea productivity by showing a relatively high production of tea (6,88 kg/plot) compared to other treatments.

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