scholarly journals A Guide to Elucidate the Hidden Multicomponent Layered Structure of Plant Cuticles by Raman Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bock ◽  
Martin Felhofer ◽  
Konrad Mayer ◽  
Notburga Gierlinger
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Raman Imaging ◽  
Current View ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Imaging Experiment ◽  
Aromatic Components ◽  
Method Paper ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Non Destructive

The cuticle covers almost all plant organs as the outermost layer and serves as a transpiration barrier, sunscreen, and first line of defense against pathogens. Waxes, fatty acids, and aromatic components build chemically and structurally diverse layers with different functionality. So far, electron microscopy has elucidated structure, while isolation, extraction, and analysis procedures have revealed chemistry. With this method paper, we close the missing link by demonstrating how Raman microscopy gives detailed information about chemistry and structure of the native cuticle on the microscale. We introduce an optimized experimental workflow, covering the whole process of sample preparation, Raman imaging experiment, data analysis, and interpretation and show the versatility of the approach on cuticles of a spruce needle, a tomato peel, and an Arabidopsis stem. We include laser polarization experiments to deduce the orientation of molecules and multivariate data analysis to separate cuticle layers and verify their molecular composition. Based on the three investigated cuticles, we discuss the chemical and structural diversity and validate our findings by comparing models based on our spectroscopic data with the current view of the cuticle. We amend the model by adding the distribution of cinnamic acids and flavonoids within the cuticle layers and their transition to the epidermal layer. Raman imaging proves as a non-destructive and fast approach to assess the chemical and structural variability in space and time. It might become a valuable tool to tackle knowledge gaps in plant cuticle research.

Relationship of Workload and Double Role With Work Fatigue on Batik Craftsmen

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Herdianti Herdianti ◽  
Tatik Maryana
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Almost All

<p><em><em>Background: In Batik Mawar, almost all work is done manually using the hands and upper arms on a continuous basis combined with the rigor of work and the use of traditional tools. The work has a heavy workload because all the work process is done by the same craftsman causing fatigue besides that the worker also have double role. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between workload and dual role with feelings of fatigue on craftsmen batik roses.Method: This research is Quantitative research with Cross Sectional research design. The population in this study are all artisans in Batik Mawar. Sampling in this study using total sampling technique with the number of research samples as many as 40 respondents. Data analysis used by Univariat and Bivariat.Result: Result of data analysis using Chi-Square test for work load got value p-Value = 0,001. The result of data analysis using Chi-square test for double role got p-value = 0,031. Thus it is concluded that there is a meaningful relationship between workload and dual role with feeling tired. We recommend that craftsmen wash clothes 2 times a day, cook ready meals, other than together in completing the work at home</em></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>Di Batik Mawar, hampir semua pekerjaan dikerjakan secara manual menggunakan tangan dan lengan atas secara berkesinambungan yang dikombinasi dengan ketelitian kerja dan penggunaan alat-alat tradisional. Pekerjaan mempunyai beban kerja yang berat dikarenakan semua proses kerja dilakukan oleh pengrajin yang sama sehingga menimbulkan kelelahan</em><em> disamping itu pekerjanya juga memiliki peran ganda</em><em>.</em><em> Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan beban kerja dan peran ganda dengan perasaan lelah pada pengrajin batik mawar.Metode: </em><em>Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pengrajin di Batik Mawar. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 40 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan Univariat dan Bivariat.</em><em>Hasil: </em><em>Hasil analisis data yang menggunakan uji Chi-Square untuk beban kerja didapatkan nilai p-Value = 0,001. Hasil analisis data yang menggunakan uji Chi-square untuk peran ganda didapatkan nilai p-value= 0,031. Dengan demikian  disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara beban kerja dan peran ganda dengan perasaan lelah.Sebaiknya pengrajin mencuci pakaian 2 kali sehari, memasak makanan siap saji, selain itu dengan cara bersama-sama dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan dirumah.</em><em></em></p><strong><em></em></strong>

Application of non-destructive sensors and big data analysis to predict physiological storage disorders and fruit firmness in ‘Braeburn’ apples

2021 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 106015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Osinenko ◽  
Konni Biegert ◽  
Roy J. McCormick ◽  
Thomas Göhrt ◽  
Grigory Devadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Big Data Analysis ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Storage Disorders

scholarly journals Image Analysis of Eccentric Photorefraction

10.14311/546 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dušek ◽  
M. Dostálek
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Measuring Methods ◽  
Special System ◽  
Whole Process

This article deals with image and data analysis of the recorded video-sequences of strabistic infants. It describes a unique noninvasive measuring system based on two measuring methods (position of I. Purkynje image with relation to the centre of the lens and eccentric photorefraction) for infants. The whole process is divided into three steps. The aim of the first step is to obtain video sequences on our special system (Eye Movement Analyser). Image analysis of the recorded sequences is performed in order to obtain curves of basic eye reactions (accommodation and convergence). The last step is to calibrate of these curves to corresponding units (diopter and degrees of movement).

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERILAKU LALU LINTAS PENGGUNA JALAN DI SEKITAR SIMPANG GENDENGAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayati ◽  
Agung Erwanda
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Road User ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Police Data ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Almost All

This study focused on the behavior of road user (biker/rider), especially around the Gendengan Intersection in Surakarta. This study aims to determine the types of violations, the causes, and effects that occur around the intersection. The primary data used are observation data of violations and questionnaires of 400 respondents. This study also uses data of traffic accidents and violations from the SATLANTAS of Surakarta Police and the IRSMS of KORLANTAS POLRI. The analysis refers to Law No.22 of 2009. Based on the Police data analysis, there are 87.98% of violations in Surakarta related to driver behavior, while using the primary data it was found around 48.32%. Lack of awareness of orderly traffic causes the driver to ignore his safety. This can be seen from the percentage of respondents who answered YES greater than NO happening in almost all violation types. Traffic violations can be a major factor in traffic accidents. Therefore, the implementation of strict rules needs to be done for those who violate, either in the form of fines or imprisonment. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada perilaku berlalu lintas pengendara di jalan, khususnya di sekitar Simpang Gendengan Surakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe-tipe pelanggaran, penyebab dan dampak pelanggaran yang terjadi di sekitar simpang tersebut. Data primer yang digunakan adalah data pengamatan lapangan dan kuesioner dari 400 responden. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan data kecelakaan dan pelanggaran lalu lintas dari Satlantas Polresta Surakarta dan IRSMS KORLANTAS POLRI. Analisis mengacu pada Undang-Undang No.22 Tahun 2009. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data Kepolisian diperoleh 87,98% tipe pelanggaran di Surakarta berkaitan dengan perilaku pengemudi, sedangkan dari data primer diperoleh sebesar 48,32%. Kurangnya kesadaran akan tertib berlalu lintas menyebabkan pengemudi pengabaikan keselamatannya. Hal ini terlihat dari prosentase responden yang menjawab Ya lebih besar dari Tidak terjadi hampir pada semua tipe pelanggaran. Pelanggaran lalu lintas dapat menjadi faktor utama kecelakaan lalu lintas. Oleh karena itu, penerapan aturan yang ketat perlu dilakukan bagi yang melanggar, baik berupa hukuman denda atau penjara.

Confocal Raman imaging and chemometrics applied to solve forensic document examination involving crossed lines and obliteration cases by a depth profiling study

The Analyst ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
pp. 1106-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia de Souza Lins Borba ◽  
Tariq Jawhari ◽  
Ricardo Saldanha Honorato ◽  
Anna de Juan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Raman Imaging ◽  
Confocal Raman ◽  
Document Examination ◽  
Non Destructive

This article describes a non-destructive analytical method developed to solve forensic document examination problems involving crossed lines and obliteration.

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Based Method for the Non-Destructive Measuring of Rock Strength through Hammering Sound

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3484
Author(s):  
Shuai Han ◽  
Heng Li ◽  
Mingchao Li ◽  
Timothy Rose
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Rock Strength ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Strength Measurement ◽  
Regression Algorithms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Destructive

Hammering rocks of different strengths can make different sounds. Geological engineers often use this method to approximate the strengths of rocks in geology surveys. This method is quick and convenient but subjective. Inspired by this problem, we present a new, non-destructive method for measuring the surface strengths of rocks based on deep neural network (DNN) and spectrogram analysis. All the hammering sounds are transformed into spectrograms firstly, and a clustering algorithm is presented to filter out the outliers of the spectrograms automatically. One of the most advanced image classification DNN, the Inception-ResNet-v2, is then re-trained with the spectrograms. The results show that the training accurate is up to 94.5%. Following this, three regression algorithms, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Random Forest (RF) are adopted to fit the relationship between the outputs of the DNN and the strength values. The tests show that KNN has the highest fitting accuracy, and SVM has the strongest generalization ability. The strengths (represented by rebound values) of almost all the samples can be predicted within an error of [−5, 5]. Overall, the proposed method has great potential in supporting the implementation of efficient rock strength measurement methods in the field.

scholarly journals Prospects for the use of extraordinary brick bond types

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Pugach ◽  
Alina Iumasheva
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Bond Type ◽  
Labour Input ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Almost All

The aim of this paper is to prove the applicability of extraordinary brick bond types in the same amount as traditional. Traditional brick bond type is a term describing the most widely used brick bonds which are almost all publications, manuals and textbooks in masonry craft are devoted to. And the most typical representatives reflecting the main trends in the development of the entire totality brick bond systems were selected as extraordinary ones. In total 16 systems were selected. The research methods used are obtaining the values of the basic constructional, technological and economic characteristics of the masonry (such as material consumption, labour input, compressive strength, maximum wall height, financial expenses) and following data analysis. The result obtained in the study confirmed that there is an equal possibility of using extraordinary bond systems as traditional ones because the value of basic characteristics in complex are more rational and more profitable compared with traditional. The research has practical importance because acquired information allows architects and engineers to choose the most optimal brick bond type to increase the efficiency of masonry.

Current Chemistry: Characterization of Thin-Film Surfaces and Interfaces Using Neutron Reflectometry

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael James
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Neutron Reflectometry ◽  
Buried Interfaces ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Destructive

Neutron reflectometry has become an increasingly important technique in the characterization of thin-film surfaces and interfaces. Recent advances in instrumentation, experimental design, sample environments and methods of data analysis now make it possible to obtain an angstrom-precision depth profile of the film composition. Neutrons are non-destructive and highly penetrating which makes them ideal probes for the study of buried interfaces as well as surfaces under a wide range of extreme environments. Isotopic H/D substitution (particularly in colloidal, polymeric or biological systems) provides a unique tool for selectively labelling different components of complex planar architectures. The fundamental aspects of neutron reflectometry are discussed, and the utility of this technique is illustrated by a review of several recent studies.

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