Reliability of Online Surveys in Investigating Perceptions and Impressions of Faces

Online experimental methods are used in psychological studies investigating the perceptions and impressions of facial photographs, even without substantial evidence supporting their reliability and validity. Although, the quality of visual stimuli is more difficult to control remotely, the methods might allow us to obtain a large amount of data. Then the statistical analysis of a larger volume of data may reduce errors and suggest significant difference in the stimuli. Therefore, we analyzed the reliability and validity of online surveys in investigating the perceptions (shine, red, and dark) and impressions (attractiveness, trustworthy, and so on) of facial photographs created from averaged faces with skin tones modified using computer graphics (CG). In this study, we conducted online (Online1) and laboratory experiments with well-controlled conditions (Control). For each experiment, 50 participants (men and women in Japan, age: 20–59years) completed the same questionnaire regarding their impressions of the same 28 CG facial photographs. The results showed significant correlations between the two experiments for all 19 items in the questionnaire. SD in the Online1 compared to the Control from the stimuli and individual differences were 56–84 and 88–104% in each questionnaire items, respectively. Moreover, the rates of mismatching perceptual evaluations to the corresponding physical features demonstrated in the photographs were 4.9–9.7% on average in an additional online survey of another 2,000 participants (Online2). These results suggest that online surveys can be applied to experiments to investigate impressions from CG facial photographs instead of general laboratory experiment by obtaining an appropriate number of participants to offset larger statistical errors that may result from the increased noise in the data from conducting the experiment online.

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Diabetes knowledge, risk perception, and quality of life among South Asian caregivers in young adulthood

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001268 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e001268

Author(s):

Angela Koipuram ◽

Sandra Carroll ◽

Zubin Punthakee ◽

Diana Sherifali

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Risk Perception ◽

South Asian ◽

Online Survey ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Design And Methods

IntroductionPersons of South Asian descent have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The management of T2DM in the South Asian community has required the support of adult children, potentially impacting the quality of life, diabetes-related knowledge, and risk perception among these caregivers.Research design and methodsTo investigate diabetes-related knowledge, quality of life, risk perception, and actual risk of developing diabetes among South Asian young adults whose parents are living with T2DM. A cross-sectional study was conducted (n=150). An online survey was administered. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in diabetes-related knowledge between males and females (p<0.001). Males (in comparison to females) had a lower risk perception of developing diabetes (p=0.06). Further, risk perception and diabetes-related knowledge were positively associated with caregiver’s physical health (p=0.002).ConclusionFindings highlight the importance of providing gender-specific and culturally tailored diabetes educational interventions.

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Work Productivity Loss in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in Turkey

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2020/6979720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Firdevs Topal ◽

Hakan Camyar ◽

Elif Saritas Yuksel ◽

Suleyman Gunay ◽

Fatih Topal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Online Survey ◽

Productivity Loss ◽

Young Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

The Impact

Background. Beyond the medical treatment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there are other issues which influence the quality of life adversely. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the IBD patients’ illness on working and education life. Method. The participants were invited to participate in the online survey from the Turkish Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis Patient Association network. The data was analysed and then discussed to improve the health-related quality of working and education life. Results. One hundred and fifteen patients had ulcerative colitis (UC) (57.2%), and 86 had Crohn’s disease (CD) (42.8%). There was a statistically significant difference in UC between retirement age group 1 (<40 age) and groups 2 (40-49 ages) and 4 (60-65 ages) (p<0.05). There was the same significant difference in CD. Even though the data did not have significant statistical difference, there was clustering around negative perceptions the patients have about their working and education lives. Conclusion. Our survey revealed a very strong causative relationship between work and IBD involving problems before, during, and at the end of employment. Young patients lower their career expectations, and that announces a clear need to support them and improve career guidance.

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Rating-Scale Labeling in Online Surveys: An Experimental Comparison of Verbal and Numeric Rating Scales with Respect to Measurement Quality and Respondents’ Cognitive Processes

Sociological Methods & Research ◽

10.1177/0049124117729694 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 79-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Natalja Menold

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processes ◽

Online Survey ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Experimental Comparison ◽

Online Surveys ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Measurement Quality ◽

Numeric Rating

Unlike other data collection modes, the effect of labeling rating scales on reliability and validity, as relevant aspects of measurement quality, has seldom been addressed in online surveys. In this study, verbal and numeric rating scales were compared in split-ballot online survey experiments. In the first experiment, respondents’ cognitive processes were observed by means of eye tracking, that is, determining the respondent’s fixations in different areas of the screen. In the remaining experiments, data for reliability and validity analysis were collected from a German adult sample. The results show that respondents needed more fixations and more time to endorse a category when a rating scale had numeric labels. Cross-sectional reliability was lower and some hypotheses with respect to the criterion validity could not be supported when numeric rating scales were used. In conclusion, theoretical considerations and the empirical results contradict the current broad usage of numeric scales in online surveys.

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Overcoming Challenges to Conducting Online Surveys

Handbook of Research on Electronic Surveys and Measurements ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-792-8.ch008 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 83-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Ye

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Online Survey ◽

Response Rates ◽

Work Place ◽

The Internet ◽

Online Surveys ◽

Low Costs ◽

Conducting Research ◽

E Mail

The widespread use of personal computers in the work place and at home has created a new opportunity of conducting research. With the increasing accessibility of the Internet and e-mail, using the new medium to distribute surveys is gaining popularity among researchers. The online survey, however, is a “double-edged sword” with the ability to access a large number of respondents at low costs but the risk of increasing difficulties to evaluate the quality of the research (Couper, 2000). Concerns over response rates, sampling, and controlling the data collection environment have posed serious challenges to online survey researchers. The purpose of the present paper is to offer suggestions for addressing these concerns. After a brief discussion on the formats of online surveys, the author will outline the challenges of conducting online surveys and provide some strategies to overcome these challenges.

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Comparison of the perception of health-related quality of life between older men and women

Enfermería Global ◽

10.6018/eglobal.18.2.331781 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 410-425

Author(s):

Francisco Javier López Rincón ◽

Alejandro Morales Jinez ◽

Alicia Ugarte Esquivel ◽

Luz Elena Rodríguez Mejía ◽

José Luis Hernández Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Older Men ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Men And Women ◽

Calidad De Vida ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Older Men And Women

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud se entiende como el efecto funcional y anímico que una enfermedad produce en una persona, incluyendo el tratamiento y cómo este proceso es percibido por la persona, el cual puede estar influido por el género.Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud entre hombre y mujeres adultos mayores en la Comarca Lagunera de Coahuila.Método: Estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 100 adultos mayores seleccionados a conveniencia en la escuela de Lic. en Enfermería, U.T. de la Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila y un hospital público de la localidad. Los datos se analizaron en el programa SPSS v22 para Mac, se utilizó estadística descriptiva y la prueba U de Mann-Withney.Resultados: El análisis entre el género y la percepción de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud no observó diferencia significativa (U= 922.00, p=.178); sin embargo, al analizar la calidad de vida por dimensiones, existe diferencia significativa en tres componentes que son movilidad física (U= 812.00, p>.05), dolor (U= 816.00, p>.05) y energía (U= 807.50, p>.05).Conclusiones: En la presente investigación, se puede observar que los hombres y mujeres adultos mayores perciben la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud de una forma muy parecida, sin embargo, se encontró diferencia en algunos componentes que desde el punto de vista de los autores están muy ligados al rol social que cumple una mujer o un hombre adulto mayor. Introduction: The quality of life related to health is understood as the functional and emotional effect that a disease produces in a person, including treatment and how this process is perceived by the person, which may be influenced by gender.Objective: To determine the perception of quality of life related to health among men and older women in the Comarca Lagunera of Coahuila.Method: Quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample was 100 old adults selected at convenience in the Nursing School, U.T. from the Autonomous University of Coahuila and a public hospital in the town. Data were analyzed in the SPSS v22 program for Mac, descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U test were used.Results: The analysis between gender and health-related quality of life perception did not observe a significant difference (U=922.00, p=.178); However, when analyzing the quality of life by dimensions, there is a significant difference in three components that are physical mobility (U= 812.00, p< .05), pain (U= 816.00, p< .05) and energy (U= 807.50, p< .05).Conclusions: In the present investigation, it can be observed that older men and women perceive the quality of life related to health in a very similar way, however, a difference was found in some components that from the point of view of the authors, they are closely linked to the social role played by a woman or an older adult man.

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Effect of different type of soil as growing media on physiological quality of harvested okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(s5).005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (S5) ◽

pp. 173-179

Author(s):

A.A.K. Fatin ◽

N.H. Amira ◽

M.H. Muaz

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Types ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Physical Features ◽

Properties Of Soil

Soil properties are very important to be well understood before planting any crop. Different types of soil will possess different properties. The properties of soil will influence the yield and quality of crops. For instance, poor soil properties will produce low quality of okra, thus reducing consumer demand. It is necessary to find conditions that are suitable for soil in order to get the best okra quality to fulfil the demand of consumers. The purpose of this research is to determine the physiological quality of harvested okra on different types of soil which are peat soil (T1), mineral soil (T2) and alluvium soil (T3). Each treatment was replicated five times and was applied with the same amount of fertilizer (NPK 12: 12: 17: 2); 10 g. Parameters in term of quality of physical appearances were taken once after the fruits were harvested. The parameters taken include the length of fruit (cm), the diameter of fruit (mm), the colour of fruits and fruit tenderness. Parameters for growth performance were also taken for each treatment. The result obtained shows a high significant difference in term of physical features of okra such as length of fruit (cm), the diameter of fruit (mm) and fruit tenderness for each treatment. Harvested alluvium soil -based okra was found to be the most promising for fruit yield, physical quality and quantitative characteristics. This is because the result of parameters of alluvium soil (T3) is higher than peat soil and mineral soil in term of length of fruits; 17.18 cm, diameter of fruit; 19.42, yield produced; 9.8 and tenderness; 9.2. The T3 soil also has rich in micronutrients especially potassium. In conclusion, properties of soil whether chemically or physically will influence the yield and quality of crops either directly or indirectly.

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ОНЛАЙН ОПИТУВАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ У СИСТЕМІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

Information Technologies and Learning Tools ◽

10.33407/itlt.v68i6.2415 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Volodymyr M. Moroz ◽

Volodymyr P. Sadkovyi ◽

Volodymyr M. Babayev ◽

Svitlana A. Moroz

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Quality Assurance ◽

Online Survey ◽

Higher Education Institutions ◽

Education Quality ◽

Online Surveys ◽

Educational Activities ◽

Quality Of Higher Education ◽

Higher Education Quality

Based on the results of the analysis of world experience on the participation of higher education graduates in assessing the quality of educational activities of higher education institutions and the quality of higher education in general, the possibility of including students in expert groups for monitoring the quality of higher education has been substantiated. There was considered the history of implementation the toolkit for surveying the students into the mechanisms of monitoring the higher education quality. Comparative analysis of the domestic experience on attracting the higher education graduates to the assessment of higher education quality with the relevant foreign experience has been conducted. The peculiarities of the organization and conducting of students surveys within the framework of the international consortium "Student experience in the research university" are determined. The authors have considered the prospects of use of the online survey toolkit for the quality control system in higher education, as well as the level of professional activity of universities. The requirements for a software product, that the expert in assessing the quality of higher education can use to ensure the effectiveness of online surveys of students and the guaranteed achievement of the goal of appropriate monitoring are given. The advantages and disadvantages of online surveys of students as a tool for monitoring the quality of higher education have been identified. The benefits of using the cloud service survey by the organizer for development of the questionnaire for students surveys and analysis of the received answers have been proved. In addition, the paper provides conclusions on the possibility of using the online survey of students in the system for quality assurance in higher education both at university and at the state level, as well as practical recommendations on the use of questionnaires for higher education applicants in the framework of mechanisms for monitoring its quality. The directions of further scientific researches concerning the development and using cloud technologies for assessing the level of quality assurance in higher education institutions, the quality of educational activities and higher education as a whole have been formulated.

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Effectiveness of Different Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels among Italian Consumers: Results from an Online Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12082307 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2307

Author(s):

Morgane Fialon ◽

Manon Egnell ◽

Zenobia Talati ◽

Pilar Galan ◽

Louise Dréano-Trécant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Online Survey ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Food Choices ◽

P Value ◽

Nutrition Labels ◽

Traffic Lights ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nutrient Profiles

In Italy, discussions are currently ongoing to implement a front-of-pack nutrition label (FoPL) while a growing number of European countries are adopting the Nutri-Score. The effectiveness of the Nutri-Score among Italian consumers requires further investigation. This study compared five FoPLs among Italian participants (Health Star Rating system, multiple traffic lights, Nutri-Score, reference intakes, warning symbol) in terms of food choices and understanding of the labels by consumers. In 2019, 1032 Italian consumers completed an online survey in which they were asked to select one product they would likely purchase from a set of three foods with different nutrient profiles and then classify the products within the set according to their nutritional quality, first with no label and then with one of the five FoPLs on the pack. While no significant difference across labels was observed for food choices, the Nutri-Score demonstrated the highest overall performance in helping consumers to correctly rank the products according to their nutritional quality compared to the reference intakes (OR = 2.18 (1.50–3.17), p-value < 0.0001). Our results provide new insights on the effectiveness of the Nutri-Score, which would be a relevant tool to inform Italian consumers on the nutritional quality of food products.

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Conducting Online Surveys

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334419848734 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 413-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Helen L. Ball

Keyword(s):

Survey Research ◽

Online Survey ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Questionnaire Design ◽

Questionnaire Validation ◽

Online Surveys ◽

Rigorous Research ◽

Pros And Cons

There is an established methodology for conducting survey research that aims to ensure rigorous research and robust outputs. With the advent of easy-to-use online survey platforms, however, the quality of survey studies has declined. This article summarizes the pros and cons of online surveys and emphasizes the key principles of survey research, for example questionnaire validation and sample selection. Numerous texts are available to guide researchers in conducting robust survey research online, however this is neither a quick nor easy undertaking. While online survey websites and software are useful for assisting in questionnaire design and delivery, they can also introduce sources of bias. Researchers considering conducting online surveys are encouraged to read carefully about how the principles of survey research can be applied to online formats in order to reduce bias and enhance rigor. In addition to alerting researchers to the pitfalls of online surveys this article also aims to equip readers of this journal with the knowledge of how to critically appraise publications based on online surveys.

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Some Factors Affecting Patients Caregivers’s Satisfaction at Outpatient Department, Vietnam National Chidren’s Hospital in 2019

Tạp chí Nghiên Cứu Và Thực Hành Nhi Khoa ◽

10.25073/jprp.v4i5.234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Thi Kim Tao Do ◽

Manh Hung Do ◽

Hong Khanh Dang ◽

Xuan Tung Le

Keyword(s):

Educational Level ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Medical Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Satisfaction Rate ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose: To describe some factors affecting patient caregiver’s satisfaction at Outpatient Department, Vietnam National Chidren’s Hospital in 2019. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 514 caregivers (aged 18 years and over). Results: There was no difference by gender (p> 0.05) of satisfaction of the patient’s caregivers on the quality of medical services. The satisfaction rate was approximately equal for both men and women (male 74.3%, female 74.8%). There was a statistically significant difference between caregivers’ occupation and satisfaction. Through the data, we saw the highest rate of caregivers’ satisfaction was among farmers and free workers 73.9%. The percentage of dissatisfaction was higher at 42.4% among pupils, students, and officials. Conclution: The higher the educational level is, the higher the level of dissatisfaction. Student and official group has the highest rate of dissatisfaction.

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