scholarly journals How Well the Government of Nepal Is Responding to COVID-19? An Experience From a Resource-Limited Country to Confront Unprecedented Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binod Rayamajhee ◽  
Anil Pokhrel ◽  
Gopiram Syangtan ◽  
Saroj Khadka ◽  
Bhupendra Lama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Literacy Campaign ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
First Case ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, was first reported in Wuhan, China and is now a pandemic affecting over 218 countries and territories around the world. Nepal has been severely affected by it, with an increasing number of confirmed cases and casualties in recent days, even after 8 months of the first case detected in China. As of 26 November 2020, there were over 227,600 confirmed cases of COVID in Nepal with 209,435 recovered cases and 1,412 deaths. This study aimed to compile public data available from the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP), Government of Nepal (GoN) and analyse the data of 104 deceased COVID-19 patients using IBM SPSS (Version 25.0). Additionally, this study also aimed to provide critical insights on response of the GoN to COVID-19 and way forward to confront unprecedented pandemic. Figures and maps were created using the Origin Lab (Version 2018) and QGIS (Version 3.10.8). Most of the reported cases were from Bagmati Province, the location of Nepal's capital city, Kathmandu. Among deceased cases, >69% of the patients were male and patients ≥54 years accounted for 67.9% (n = 923). Preliminary findings showed respiratory illness, diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases were the most common comorbid conditions associated with COVID-19 deaths in Nepal. Despite some efforts in the 8 months since the first case was detected, the government's response so far has been insufficient. Since the government eased the lockdown in July 2020, Nepal is facing a flood of COVID-19 cases. If no aggressive actions are taken, the epidemic is likely to result in significant morbidity and mortality in Nepal. The best way to curb the effect of the ongoing pandemic in a resource-limited country like Nepal is to increase testing, tracing, and isolation capacity, and to set up quality quarantine centers throughout the nation. A comprehensive health literacy campaign, quality care of older adults and those with comorbidity will also result in the effective management of the ongoing pandemic.

scholarly journals Early transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mudatsir Mudatsir ◽  
Synat Keam ◽  
Wira Winardi ◽  
Amanda Yufika ◽  
Ali A. Rabaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
First Case ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Importation Risk

The objective of this study was to determine the transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to evaluate the vigilance of the health system during the early phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Indonesia. The early epidemiology and transmission chains of COVID-19 were analyzed based on data from the Directorate General of Disease Prevention and Control of the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The results of this study shown although Indonesia is a country with a high relative importation risk of SARS-CoV-2, the first two cases of COVID-19 were identified on March 2, 2020. This relatively late date by regional standards raises the possibility of undetected cases beforehand. The first case was a foreigner citizen who visited the capital city of Jakarta and later was diagnosed COVID-19 after returning from Indonesia. One week later after the first case, 27 confirmed COVID-19 cases had been reported in Indonesia, and the majority of the cases were clustered together. Apart from the possibility of underdetection of COVID-19 cases in the country, the government has strengthened the disease surveillance system and established an outbreak preparedness system to diagnose and control COVID-19. 

scholarly journals A Novel Integrated and Labile eHealth System for Monitoring Dog Rabies Vaccination Campaigns

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Coetzer ◽  
Terence P. Scott ◽  
Khadija Noor ◽  
Lambert F. Gwenhure ◽  
Louis H. Nel
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
First Case ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

The elimination of canine rabies through the implementation of high coverage mass dog vaccination campaigns is a complex task, particularly in the resource-limited countries of the rabies endemic world. Here we demonstrated the feasibility of applying targeted rabies vaccination campaigns to deliver more impactful intervention campaigns in resource-limited settings using evidence and lessons learnt from other diseases. With the use of strategic rabies intervention programs, we demonstrate the noteworthy reduction of rabies cases in two very different African settings. The strategic intervention was most significantly aided by the use of a custom-developed vaccination tracking device (the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC) Data Logger) and an integrated rabies surveillance system (the Rabies Epidemiological Bulletin). Our first case study, an island-wide strategic dog vaccination on Tanzania’s Unguja island, reduced the incidence of rabies by 71% in the first 16 months of implementation. In the second case study, a similar approach was applied in the metropolitan capital city of Zimbabwe and the incidence of rabies declined by 13% during the first 13 months of implementation. The methodologies and results presented here suggest that, in resource-limited settings, an optimal approach towards the elimination of dog rabies would revolve around strategic interventions, subject to the use of appropriate planning, surveillance, and vaccination tools.

scholarly journals Sikh Community as an Ethnic Minority in Patna, Bihar

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Religious Significance ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Looking Glass

The capital of Bihar - Patna, is one of the holiest cities in Sikh history. Despite rich historical and religious significance, the population of Sikhs in Patna is merely 0.09% of the total population. The Sikh minority in the Bihar capital is one of the handful minorities of India who have never "claimed" a minority status or any compensation for their community from the government. However, the community continues to preserve its ethnic behavior and social symbols to date. This paper aims to analyze the existence of social institutions that support the formation of the Sikh community as ethnicity in Patna, Bihar. It also touches briefly on the reasons behind the lack of agency and demand for greater minority representation. Interviews were taken from 100 respondents in January 2019 in the capital city of Patna, Bihar in India. Age was taken as a criterion for inclusion. The findings of the study show that minority behavior is not the same everywhere. The ethnicity of the community is maintained by the continuity of symbols of lifestyle such as dietary habits, attire, the teaching of Gurumukhi in school and colleges, and trade activities. A reasonable explanation can allude to the very foundations of the Sikh community which upholds ideals of bravery and resilience. Begging or lobbying is a mandate prohibited by the very religion which protects them. However, the younger population shows a shift towards the general trend and is moving away from the economic set up of establishing business and of looking at the Gurudwara as an intersection of political and social rights. A change in the coming decade is inexorable. This research can be used as a model to understand the behavior of other minorities in India or elsewhere. It provides a better-looking glass to understand subaltern behavior. Additionally, it also shows variations in the status of communities. The Sikh community, a majority religion in most of Northern India, is a minuscule minority in Patna’s Capital city with rich Sikh history.

scholarly journals Advocacy for Early Detection and Treatment of Cervix and Breast Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 150s-150s
Author(s):  
P. Shukla ◽  
N. Tripathi ◽  
P. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Information Centre ◽  
Early Action ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Background and context: According to ICO Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre) 2014 in females with 23.8% breast cancer is highest and at 20.2% cervix cancer comes at number 2 in India. India has a population of 432.20 million women aged 15 years and older who are at risk for developing cervical cancer. Current estimates indicate that every year 122,844 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 67,477 die of the disease. Cervical cancer in India ranks as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. Aim: Accessibility for the early detection of cervix and breast cancer for the females in Uttar Pradesh. Strategy/Tactics: Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh the most populous State of India having 1/6 of population and equivalent burden of cervical cancer. Any action aimed at an effect in Lucknow shall further have impact in the entire state. Advocacy training was organized at Lucknow on the occasion of “World Cancer Day” (4th February) with material for capacity building of organizations working on cervical cancer and female health. We were able to mobilize 10 different organizations working for cervical cancer and female health issue. Presence of Hon'ble Governor and Principal Health Secretary enabled us in making a dent on the issue from the very beginning. His Excellency the Governor of Uttar Pradesh being a cancer survivor was the best advocate, stressing during the lecture on the need to address the issue. Principal Health Secretary, the ultimate deciding authority for developing the policies assured for full cooperation and early action. Program/Policy process: Principal Health Secretary of Government of Uttar Pradesh announced to establish the screening clinics forscreening of cervical cancer in 23 districts of Uttar Pradesh. Treatment facilities would be provided in all the government medical colleges of Uttar Pradesh. The clinic set up shall be monitored by National Health Mission Unit of Uttar Pradesh. Outcomes: Currently Sampoorna clinics are established in 28 districts of Uttar Pradesh which is for females of age group 15 to 60 years for all kind of screening, advice and treatment. What was learned: For advocacy we need ground work to be done before meeting to any policy maker to influence the policy. Different organization working on the same or related issues has to bring together to strengthen the impact.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of COVID-19 transmission dynamics in Uganda: Implications of complacency and early easing of lockdown

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247456
Author(s):  
Joseph Y. T. Mugisha ◽  
Joseph Ssebuliba ◽  
Juliet N. Nakakawa ◽  
Cliff R. Kikawa ◽  
Amos Ssematimba
Keyword(s):  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Infectious Period ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Background Uganda has a unique set up comprised of resource-constrained economy, social-economic challenges, politically diverse regional neighborhood and home to long-standing refuge crisis that comes from long and protracted conflicts of the great lakes. The devastation of the on-going global pandemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is likely to be escalated by these circumstances with expectations of the impact of the disease being severe. Materials and methods In this study, we formulate a mathematical model that incorporates the currently known disease characteristics and tracks various intervention measures that the government of Uganda has implemented since the reporting of the first case in March 2020. We then evaluate these measures to understand levels of responsiveness and adherence to standard operating procedures and quantify their impact on the disease burden. Novel in this model was the unique aspect of modeling the trace-and-isolate protocol in which some of the latently infected individuals tested positive while in strict isolation centers thereby reducing their infectious period. Results The study findings show that even with elimination of all imported cases at any given time it would take up to nine months to rid Uganda of the disease. The findings also show that the optimal timing of easing of lockdowns while mitigating the possibility of re-emergence of a second epidemic wave requires avoiding the scenario of releasing too-many-too-soon. It is even more worrying that enhancing contact tracing would only affect the magnitude and timing of the second wave but cannot prevent it altogether. Conclusion We conclude that, given the prevailing circumstances, a phased-out lifting of lockdown measures, minimization of COVID-19 transmissibility within hospital settings, elimination of recruitment of infected individuals as well as enhanced contact tracing would be key to preventing overwhelming of the healthcare system that would come with dire consequences.

scholarly journals Impacts and Lessons Learnt From Local Production of WHO-Recommended Alcohol Based Hand Rub During Covid-19 Pandemic in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tusabe Fred ◽  
Morgan Otita ◽  
Maureen Kesande ◽  
Twinomugisha Fred
Keyword(s):  
Local Production ◽  
The People ◽  
First Case ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Roll Out

Abstract The Government of Uganda through the Ministry of Health and other partners have promoted hand washing and hand rubbing using ABHS as one of the key preventive measures against person-to-person spread of the Covid-19 virus. The people of Uganda have greatly heeded to these messages and as a result, the demand for ABHS has increased because of high consumption rates.Methods: A district multi modal design was established in 2019 in Kabarole and Kasese districts in Western Uganda Part of the strategy was to set up an ABHS production units. The prevailing COVID-19 outbreak has instigated set up at centrally located Kasangati HCIV. We analysed the demand and production of ABHS produced before and during the COVID-19 outbreak.Objective: To establish the impacts and lessons from local Production of WHO-recommended alcohol based hand rub during Covid-19 PandemicResults: 2060 litres were produced in Fort Portal in March 2020 around the time Uganda registered her first case of COVID-19 compared to monthly average production of 141 litres before the outbreak. In Kasese around 3020 litres were produced compared to the average 1500litres while 2000 litres produced in Kasangati HCIV a newly set production unit and a total of 8 people trained on Local production of ABHS.Conclusion; With high demand for ABHS during this pandemic, prices for commercial hand sanitizers have escalated, therefore, there is need to roll out local production of ABHS in other parts of the country since its saves more than 45% of the costs compared to commercial Hand Sanitizer. The production units should be embedded in Regional Referral Hospitals or IPC guidelines to major health facilities for the benefit of healthcare workers and patients who are at risk of the pandemic.

Covid-19 and its financial effects on the dental fraternity and health-care workers: A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
Devangi Agrawal ◽  
Namisha Khara ◽  
Bhushan Mundada ◽  
Nitin Bhola ◽  
Rajiv Borle
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Dental Practices ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

In the wake of the current outbreak of novel Covid-19, which is now declared as a 'pandemic' by the WHO, people around the globe have been dealing with a lot of difficulties. This virus had come into light in December 2019 and since then has only grown exponentially. Amongst the most affected are the ones who have been working extremely hard to eradicate it, which includes the hospitals, dental fraternity and the health-care workers. These people are financially burdened due to limited practise. In the case of dentistry, to avoid the spread of the virus, only emergency treatments are being approved, and the rest of the standard procedures have been put on hold. In some cases, as the number of covid cases is rising, many countries are even trying to eliminate the emergency dental procedures to divert the finances towards the treatment of covid suffering patients. What we need to realise is that this is probably not the last time that we are facing such a situation. Instead of going down, we should set up guidelines with appropriate precautionary measures together with the use of standardised PPEs. The government should also establish specific policies to support dental practices and other health-care providers. Together, we can fight this pandemic and come out stronger.

The Use of Multimedia and its Impact on Bangladeshi EFL Learners at Tertiary Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As 21st century is the era of modern technologies with different aspects, it offers us to make the best use of them. After tape recorder and overhead projector (OHP), multimedia has become an important part of language classroom facilities for its unique and effective application in delivering and learning lesson. Although in many parts of Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, where English enjoys the status of a foreign language, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning is viewed as a matter of luxury. However, nowadays the usefulness and the necessity of it are well recognized by the academics as well as the government. The study aims to focus on the difference between a traditional classroom void of multimedia and multimedia equipped classrooms at university level by explaining how multimedia support the students with enhanced opportunity to interact with diverse texts that give them more in-depth comprehension of the subject. It also focuses on audio-visual advantage of multimedia on the students’ English language learning. The study has followed a qualitative method to get an in-depth understanding of the impact of using multimedia in an English language classroom at tertiary level. For this purpose, the data have been collected from two different sources. Firstly, from students’ written response to  an open ended question as to their comparative experience of learning  lessons with and without multimedia facilities; and secondly, through  observation of English language classes at a private university of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The discussion of the study is limited to  the use of multimedia in English language classroom using cartoons, images and music with a view to enhance students’ skills in academic writing, critical analysis of image and critical appreciation of music. For this purpose, cartoons in English language, images from Google and music from You Tube have got focused discussion in this paper.

Pembangunan Web Service Data Masyarakat Menggunakan REST API dengan Access Token

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Perkasa ◽  
Eko Budi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Web Service ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Community Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rest Api ◽  
Service Application ◽  
Service Data

Data is one of the most important things in this information and information technology era that evolving now. Currently, the government still has not used the public data maximally for administrative purposes. Utilization of this big population data is the creation of a web service application system with REST API where this data will be open and accessible to those who have access. One of the institutions that use this service is the Manpower and Transmigration Service where this system can make the Dinas staff more efficient to create and register job search cards using available community data. This application is able to provide and facilitate many parties, such as data administrators to monitor data usage, registration employee in input data, and people able to register independently. Index Terms—Web service, API, Rest api, People data

Water Pollution and Its Impact on Environment of Society

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thyagaraju
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
Micro Organisms

The present seminar paper mainly highlight  the concept of  water pollution, causes of water pollution,  Its Effects, Elements of  pollutants, Methods  used to prevent the water pollution in environment  and the mandatory initiatives taken by the concerned authorities for prevention of  water pollution. Water   is essential for survival of all living organisms on the earth. Thus for human beings and plants to survive on land, water should be easily accessible. The term “Pollution” is generally refers to addition of any foreign body either living or non – living or deletion of anything that naturally exists. The basic Sources of Water pollution causes due to Culmination into lakes, rivers, ponds, seas, oceans etc. Domestic drainage and sanitary waste, Industrial drainage and sewage, Industrial waste from factories, Dumping of domestic garbage, Immersion of Idols made of plaster of Paris, Excess use of Insecticides , pesticides, fungicides, Chemical fertilizers, Soil erosion during heavy rains and floods, Natural disasters, tsunami etc. General pollutants  which are also caused for water pollution  which include Organic, Inorganic, and Biological entities, Insecticides, Pesticides, Disinfectants ,Detergents, Industrial solvents, Acids, Ammonia fertilizers, heavy metals, Harmful bacteria, Virus, Micro –Organisms and worms, Toxic chemicals. Agricultural lands become infertile and thereby production also drops, Spread of epidemic diseases like Cholera, Dysentery, Typhoid, Diarrhea, Hepatitis, Jaundice etc. The  basic responsibility of the Government, NGOs, National Pioneer scientific Research Institutions may conduct  research oriented programs on control of water pollution by create  awareness among the public through mass media and Environmental Education on recycling units,  and  water treatment plants must be established both at domestic levels and Industry levels, Every citizen must feel responsible to control water pollution. There have been many water pollution prevention acts that have been set up by the governments of the world. But these are not enough for permanent water pollution solutions. Each of us needs to take up the responsibility and do something at an everyday at individual level. Otherwise we can’t survive in a society forever in a future. 

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