scholarly journals Characterization of Rumen Microbiota of Two Sheep Breeds Supplemented With Direct-Fed Lactic Acid Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinalo Mani ◽  
Olayinka A. Aiyegoro ◽  
Matthew A. Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Metagenomic Approach

Supplementation of direct-fed microbials into ruminants' nutrition has shown great potential in manipulating rumen fermentation and enhancing productive animal performance. However, little is known about rumen microbial composition and diversity of Damara and Meatmaster sheep, breeds indigenous to South Africa. The study aimed at exploring and comparing the rumen microbiomes of two breeds with different feeding treatments as follows: no antibiotic, no probiotics (T1), only potential probiotic (T2), only potential probiotic (T3), the combination of potential probiotics (T4), antibiotic (T5); using a metagenomic approach. The results showed that based on the Shannon index, the microbial diversity of Damara was higher (p < 0.05) than Meatmaster, while treatment T4 was higher than treatment T1 (p < 0.05). The principal coordinate analysis showed no significant difference among treatments, while there were significant dissimilarities between sheep breeds and sample-day (p < 0.05). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) displayed the dispersion of microbial communities among treatments, where negative control (T1) was distinct from other treatments. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the most abundant microbial phyla across treatments for both breeds. Negative control and the combination of potential probiotics showed lower proportions of Proteobacteria compared to other treatments. At the genus level, Prevotella and Clostridium were abundant across all treatments, while Pseudomonas was abundant only in T2, T3, and T5. In all treatments, Fibrobacter was detected after the feeding trials, while it was not detected in most treatments before trials. The results revealed that the rumen microbiome's structure and abundance were slightly altered by administering lactic acid as a putative probiotic.

Structural changes in gut microbiome after Ramadan fasting: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
C. Ozkul ◽  
M. Yalinay ◽  
T. Karakan
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Significant Difference

It has been largely accepted that dietary changes have an effect on gut microbial composition. In this pilot study we hypothesised that Ramadan fasting, which can be considered as a type of time-restricted feeding may lead to changes in gut microbial composition and diversity. A total of 9 adult subjects were included in the study. Stool samples were collected before (baseline) and at the end of the Ramadan fasting (after 29 days). Following the construction of an 16S rRNA amplicon library, the V4 region was sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform. Microbial community analysis was performed using the QIIME program. A total of 27,521 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with a 97% similarity were determined in all of the samples. Microbial richness was significantly increased after Ramadan according to observed OTU results (P=0.016). No significant difference was found in terms of Shannon index or phylogenetic diversity metrics of alpha diversity. Microbial community structure was significantly different between baseline and after Ramadan samples according to unweighted UniFrac analysis (P=0.025). LEfSe analysis revealed that Butyricicoccus, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Allobaculum, Eubacterium, Dialister and Erysipelotrichi were significantly enriched genera after the end of Ramadan fasting. According to random forest analysis, the bacterial species most affected by the Ramadan fasting was Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum. Despite this is a pilot study with a limited sample size; our results clearly revealed that Ramadan fasting, which represents an intermittent fasting regime, leads to compositional changes in the gut microbiota.

The acute supplementation of combination juice of yellow watermelon (citrullus lanatus thunb.) - plantain (musa paradisiacal var. Sapientum l.) suppress post-exercise blood lactic acid production in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Farida Farida ◽  
Hesti Permata Sari ◽  
Afina Rachma Sulistyaning
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Swimming Test

Background: Yellow watermelon contains citrulline, which can suppress lactic acid production, while plantains contain potassium which is important for muscle performance. The yellow watermelon and plantain combination juice potential to be a natural sports drink that delays muscle fatigue by suppressing lactic acid production after exercise.Objectives: To determine the effect of yellow watermelon-plantain juice on lactic acid in rats after swimming test.Materials and Methods: This true experimental study used a post-test-only with controlled group design. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats, eight-week-old, male, were divided into five groups, namely positive control (C+), negative control (C-), dose 1 (P1), dose 2 (P2), and dose 3 (P3). The C (+) group received no juice and was not tested swimming, the C (-) group received no juice but was tested swimming, P1 received combined juice up to 1.8 g and tested swimming, P2 received combined juice up to 3, 6 g and tested swimming, P3 received combined juice up to 1.8 g with the addition of 0.27 g granulated sugar and tested swimming. The juice is given 30 minutes before the test. The swim test was performed for three minutes; after that, the blood was taken to test the lactic acid levels. The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and the advanced post-hoc with the least significant difference test.Results: The lactic acid levels in C (+), in C (-), P1, P2, and P3 groups after swimming test were 1.38 mMol / L; 7.14 mMol / L; 3.74 mMol / L; 1.66 mMol; and 2.91 mMol/L. There were differences in levels of lactic acid (p <0.05) in each group after the combination juice intervention was given.Conclusion: Combination juice of yellow watermelon-plantain has an effect on lactic acid levels after swimming test. Dose 2 (3.6 g) was the best because it produces the lowest lactic acid after the swimming test.

scholarly journals Overabundance of Asaia and Serratia bacteria is associated with deltamethrin insecticide susceptibiltiy in Anopheles coluzzii from Agboville, Cote d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethanie Pelloquin ◽  
Mojca Kristan ◽  
Constant Edi ◽  
Anne Meiwald ◽  
Emma Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deltamethrin Resistance

Background: Insecticide resistance among mosquito species is now a pervasive phenomenon, which threatens to jeopardise global malaria vector control efforts. Evidence of links between the mosquito microbiota and insecticide resistance is emerging, with significant enrichment of insecticide degrading bacteria and enzymes in resistant populations. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we characterised and compared the microbiota of Anopheles (An.) coluzzii in relation to their deltamethrin resistance and exposure profiles. Results: Comparisons between 2-3 day old deltamethrin resistant and susceptible mosquitoes, demonstrated significant differences in microbiota diversity (PERMANOVA, pseudo-F = 19.44, p=0.0015). Ochrobactrum, Lysinibacillus and Stenotrophomonas genera, each of which comprised insecticide degrading species, were significantly enriched in resistant mosquitoes. Susceptible mosquitoes had a significant reduction in alpha diversity compared to resistant individuals (Shannon index: H=13.91, q=0.0003, Faiths phylogenetic diversity: H=6.68, q=0.01), with Asaia and Serratia dominating microbial profiles. There was no significant difference in deltamethrin exposed and unexposed 5-6 day old individuals, suggesting that insecticide exposure had minimal impact on microbial composition. Serratia and Asaia were also dominant in 5-6 day old mosquitoes, regardless of exposure or phenotype, and had reduced microbial diversity compared with 2-3 day old mosquitoes. Conclusions: Our findings revealed significant alterations of An. coluzzii microbiota associated with deltamethrin resistance, highlighting the potential for identification of novel microbial markers for insecticide resistance surveillance. qPCR detection of Serratia and Asaia was consistent with 16S rRNA sequencing, suggesting that population level field screening of the bacterial microbiota may be feasibly integrated into wider resistance monitoring if reliable and reproducible markers associated with phenotype can be identified.

scholarly journals Tejuino, a Traditional Fermented Beverage: Composition, Safety Quality, and Microbial Identification

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2446
Author(s):  
Ángel Eduardo Rubio-Castillo ◽  
José I. Méndez-Romero ◽  
Ricardo Reyes-Díaz ◽  
Lourdes Santiago-López ◽  
Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Fermented Beverage

This study aims to analyze the chemical and microbial composition and characterize volatile compounds from the artisanal and commercial Tejuino beverage. For this, eight samples are analyzed (four artisanal and four commercial). The chemical and microbiological quality is determined by standard methods, and volatile compounds are determined by solid-phase microextraction. Overall, the physicochemical composition and microbiological quality are higher for artisanal Tejuino (p < 0.05). The pH values were 3.20 and 3.62, and 0.76 and 0.46 meq of lactic acid for artisanal and commercial Tejuino, respectively. With volatile compounds analyzed, esters, benzenes, and aldehydes were predominant; meanwhile, ethanol was a volatile compound with the highest concentration for all samples. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Limosilactobacillus fermentum were identified in artisanal Tejuino; yeasts of the Pichia genera and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, for commercial Tejuino, and Enterococcus genus were identified in both samples. The characterization of both types of Tejuino allows us to update the information available on this important Mexican beverage. In addition, the isolation of lactic acid bacteria, as representative bacteria of both drinks, offers an area of opportunity to know the potential functionality of these bacteria in traditional fermented products.

scholarly journals Overabundance of Asaia and Serratia bacteria is associated with deltamethrin insecticide susceptibility in Anopheles coluzzii from Agboville, Côte d’Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethanie Pelloquin ◽  
Mojca Kristan ◽  
Constant Edi ◽  
Anne Meiwald ◽  
Emma Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deltamethrin Resistance

Abstract Background Insecticide resistance among mosquito species is now a pervasive phenomenon, which threatens to jeopardise global malaria vector control efforts. Evidence of links between the mosquito microbiota and insecticide resistance is emerging, with significant enrichment of insecticide degrading bacteria and enzymes in resistant populations. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we characterised and compared the microbiota of Anopheles (An.) coluzzii in relation to their deltamethrin resistance and exposure profiles. Results Comparisons between 2-3 day old deltamethrin resistant and susceptible mosquitoes, demonstrated significant differences in microbiota diversity (PERMANOVA, pseudo-F = 19.44, p=0.0015). Ochrobactrum, Lysinibacillus and Stenotrophomonas genera, each of which comprised insecticide degrading species, were significantly enriched in resistant mosquitoes. Susceptible mosquitoes had a significant reduction in alpha diversity compared to resistant individuals (Shannon index: H=13.91, q=0.0003, Faith’s phylogenetic diversity: H=6.68, q=0.01), with Asaia and Serratia dominating microbial profiles. There was no significant difference in deltamethrin exposed and unexposed 5-6 day old individuals, suggesting that insecticide exposure had minimal impact on microbial composition. Serratia and Asaia were also dominant in 5-6 day old mosquitoes, regardless of exposure or phenotype, and had reduced microbial diversity compared with 2-3 day old mosquitoes. Conclusions Our findings revealed significant alterations of An. coluzzii microbiota associated with deltamethrin resistance, highlighting the potential for identification of novel microbial markers for insecticide resistance surveillance. qPCR detection of Serratia and Asaia was consistent with 16S rRNA sequencing, suggesting that population level field screening of the bacterial microbiota may be feasibly integrated into wider resistance monitoring if reliable and reproducible markers associated with phenotype can be identified.

scholarly journals Impact of Early Empiric Antibiotic Regimens on the Gut Microbiota in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Yang Chang ◽  
Jen-Shiu Chiang Chiau ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Ho ◽  
Jui-Hsing Chang ◽  
Kun-Nan Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over Time

Frequent use of antibiotics in preterm infants disturbs their gut microbial balance. In this preliminary observational study, we investigated the effect of different antibiotic regimens, administered during the first week of life, on microbial composition and diversity in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. We performed fecal sampling of breastfed VLBW infants on days 7, 14, and 30. After excluding stool samples from infants who received probiotics or who were administered antibiotics beyond the age of 7 days, we compared gut microbiota profiles between infants receiving a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin for 3 days (AG group, n = 10) and those receiving a combination of ampicillin and cefotaxime for 7 days (AC group, n = 14) using 16S ribosomal DNA community profiling. We also assessed the changes over time in each group. Compared to the AG group, Enterococcus species were significantly more abundant in the AC group (P = 0.002), especially in 7-day samples (12.3 vs. 0.6%, respectively, P = 0.032). No difference was observed at phylum and genus level over time within each group. Species richness in the AC group decreased significantly in the 14-day (P = 0.038) and 30-day (P = 0.03) samples compared to that in the 7-day sample. The same was observed for microbial evenness; in contrast, no significant difference in Shannon index and beta-diversity was detected between the two groups. Controlling for relevant confounding variables did not change the results. In conclusion, different antibiotic regimens affect the early development of gut microbiota in VLBW preterm infants. Prolonged use of ampicillin and cefotaxime might result in overabundance of Enterococcus. However, given that no significant differences were observed in 1-month samples, bacterial genera appear to continue colonizing the gastrointestinal tract despite previous exposure to antibiotics. The clinical relevance of these findings should be elucidated by further studies.

Development of biotechnology for gluten-free sourdough bakery products with a new microbial composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
O.I. Parakhina ◽  
◽  
M.N. Lokachuk ◽  
L.I. Kuznetsova ◽  
E.N. Pavlovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fermentative Activity ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The research was carried out within the framework of the theme of state assignment № 0593–2019–0008 «To develop theoretical foundations for creating composite mixtures for bakery products using physical methods of exposure that ensure homogeneity, stability of mixtures and bioavailability of nutrients, to optimize diets population of Russia». The data on the species belonging of new strains of lactic acid bacteria and yeast isolated from samples of good quality gluten-free starter cultures are presented. A comparative assessment of the antagonistic and acid-forming activity of strains of lactic acid bacteria and the fermentative activity of yeast was carried out. The composition of microbial compositions from selected strains of LAB and yeast was developed. The influence of the starter culture on the new microbial composition on the physicochemical, organoleptic indicators of the bread quality and resistance to mold and ropy-disease was investigated.

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

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