scholarly journals Community Attitudes Reflect Reporting Rates and Prevalence of Animal Mistreatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Glanville ◽  
Jennifer Ford ◽  
Rebecca Cook ◽  
Grahame J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Effects ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Behavioral Beliefs ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Level Of Concern ◽  
Reporting Rates

Community attitudes toward the treatment of animals are important to understand for the development of intervention programs to prevent mistreatment. We aimed to investigate whether previously identified differences between local government areas (LGAs) in the rates of animal mistreatment reporting and prevalence were reflected by differences in community attitudes. In addition, attitudinal differences based on target species (dogs, cats, horses) and participant gender were considered. A representative telephone survey (N = 1,801) was conducted across six LGAs. Attitudinal themes included affection toward animals, valuing of animals, attitudes toward caring for own animals, and concern for the mistreatment of other animals. Factorial ANOVA was used to identify differences between high and low reporting LGAs, region types (regional, interface, metropolitan), and target species (cat, dog, horse). Respondents from high reporting LGAs demonstrated slightly more affection for animals F(1,1679) = 19.401, p < 0.001, ωp2 = 0.011 and stronger subjective norms F(1,999) = 16.31, p < 0.001, ωp2 = 0.015 than those from low reporting LGAs, but did not differ on the other variables. Participants in areas of high prevalence (regional areas) did not display lower levels of affection or concern for the mistreatment of animals as a whole, nor did they value animals less. However, regional differences were found for several items regarding caring for one's own animals: two behavioral beliefs and two control beliefs. Additionally various differences were found between the regions regarding the level of concern for mistreatment when broken down into the different species. Gender effects were also common. While the attitudinal results do reflect animal mistreatment prevalence and reporting rates, they also highlight the complexity of community attitudes. As such, interventions to prevent mistreatment must have clear targets including the audience, behavior, and species. Targeting smaller regions and thoroughly investigating their unique perspectives, challenges, and strengths are likely to be more effective than generic campaigns.

scholarly journals Determinants of Good Adherence to Hand Hygiene Among Healthcare Workers Who Have Extensive Exposure to Hand Hygiene Campaigns

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1267-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Sax ◽  
Ilker Uçkay ◽  
Hervé Richet ◽  
Benedetta Allegranzi ◽  
Didier Pittet
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Good Adherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Beliefs ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
The Impact

Objective.To quantify the different behavioral components of healthcare workers' motivation to comply with hand hygiene in a healthcare institution with a 10-year history of hand hygiene campaigning.Design.Cross-sectional study, by use of an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire.Setting.A 2,200-bed university teaching hospital.Participants.A stratified random sample of 2,961 medical and nursing staff.Results.A total of 1,042 questionnaires (35.2%) were returned. Of the respondents, 271 (26.0%) were physicians, 629 (60.4%) were nurses, and 141 (13.5%) were nursing assistants. Overall, 1,008 respondents provided information about sex; 718 (71.2%) of these were women. Respondents provided demographic information and data about various behavioral, normative, and control beliefs that determined their intentions with respect to performing hand hygiene. Among behavioral beliefs, the perception that healthcare-associated infections are severe for patients was highly ranked as a determinant of behavior by 331 (32.1%) of the respondents, and the perception that hand hygiene is effective at preventing these infections was ranked highly by 891 respondents (86.0%). Among normative beliefs, perceived social pressure from patients to perform hand hygiene was ranked highly by 760 respondents (73.7%), pressure from superiors was ranked highly by 687 (66.8%), pressure from colleagues was ranked highly by 596 (57.9%), and pressure from the person perceived to be most influential was ranked highly by 687 (68.8%). Among control beliefs, the perception that hand hygiene is relatively easy to perform was rated highly by 670 respondents (65.1%). High self-reported rates of adherence to hand hygiene (defined as performance of proper hand hygiene during 80% or more of hand hygiene opportunities) was independently associated with female sex, receipt of training in hand hygiene, participation in a previous hand hygiene campaign, peer pressure from colleagues, perceived good adherence by colleagues, and the perception that hand hygiene is relatively easy to perform.Conclusions.In a setting with a long tradition of hand hygiene campaigns, behavioral beliefs are strongly in favor of hand hygiene, but adherence is driven by peer pressure and the perception of high self-efficacy, rather than by reasoning about the impact of hand hygiene on patient safety. Female sex, training, and campaign exposure increased the likelihood of compliance with hand hygiene. This additional insight can help to shape future promotional activity.

Detection of medium-sized ground-dwelling mammals using infrared digital cameras: an alternative way forward?

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Claridge ◽  
David J. Paull ◽  
Simon C. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Reporting Rates ◽  
Swamp Wallaby ◽  
Over Time

Infrared digital cameras were used to examine temporal detection rates of medium-sized ground-dwelling mammals in a coastal woodland landscape. From three successive deployments at fixed stations, a range of mammals was detected, including three target species: the long-nosed bandicoot, the long-nosed potoroo and the southern brown bandicoot. Reporting rates of target species were largely consistent and in some cases high. The swamp wallaby was the most commonly detected species, ranging from 47–67% of cameras on any given deployment. Long-nosed bandicoots were detected at 37–53% of cameras, long-nosed potoroos 13–23% and southern brown bandicoots 10–17%. In total, bandicoots and potoroos were detected at 23 of 30 sites (77%) while forage-diggings of these mammals were universally present. There were differences in the detection rate of bandicoots and potoroos in relation to 24-hourly cycles: all three species were less likely to be detected between dawn and dusk than dusk and dawn. Otherwise, with few exceptions, the rate at which bandicoots and potoroos were detected over time within a deployment did not vary markedly. Infrared digital cameras offer great potential as sampling devices for bandicoots and potoroos because of their greater detection efficiency relative to other techniques.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Implementasi Blended Learning dengan Pendekatan Theory Plan Behavior

Syntax Idea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
Arief Harkat Idram
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Behavior Control ◽  
Behavioral Beliefs ◽  
Plan Behavior ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
E Learning

Blended Learning bisa juga disebut dengan Hybrid Learning, sesuai dengan namanya merupakan suatu metode pembelajaran yang mengkombinasikan metode pembelajaran tatap muka dengan online learning. dan juga merupakan integrasi antara metode kelas traditional dengan aktifitas online atau e-learning. Pendekatan ini dapat memaksimunkan keuntungan berupa peningkatan transfer pengetahuan yang dihasilkan dari interaksi face-to-face dengan interaksi online. Akan tetapi implementasi metode ini terkendala oleh kebiasaan atau perilaku ajar mengajar konvensional yang sudah membudaya sehingga untuk merubahnya perilaku tersebut memerlukan perencanaan yang matang. Teori Perilaku yang direncanakan atau Theory Plan Behavior (TPB) menjelaskan bahwa, tindakan manusia dipandu oleh tiga macam pertimbangan: keyakinan tentang kemungkinan hasil dari perilaku serta evaluasi dari hasil ini (behavioral beliefs), keyakinan tentang harapan normatif orang lain dan motivasi untuk mematuhi harapan (normative beliefs), serta keyakinan akan adanya faktor-faktor yang dapat memfasilitasi atau menghambat kinerja perilaku dan kekuatan yang dirasakan dari faktor-faktor tersebut (control beliefs). Dalam kombinasi, Attitude toward Behavior, norma subyektif, dan persepsi dari Behavior Control mendorong terbentuknya suatu Behavioral Intention. Sebagai aturan umum, semakin menguntungkan sikap/attitude dan Subjective Norm (norma subjektif), dan semakin besar Perceived Control/ kontrol yang dirasakan, semakin kuat harus niat seseorang untuk melakukan perilaku yang bersangkutan jadi Behavioral Intention menguat. Akhirnya, mengingat tingkat kontrol sebenarnya atas perilaku sudah cukup, orang diharapkan untuk melaksanakan niat mereka ketika ada kesempatan.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Electronic Word of Mouth terhadap Travel Intention Wisatawan ke Nuart Sculpture Park Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Fauziah Nurfitri ◽  
Dwiesty Dyah Utami
Keyword(s):  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Electronic Word Of Mouth ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Beliefs ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Online Travel

This study aims to determine how electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on TripAdvisor affects travel intention of tourists to Nuart Sculpture Park Bandung. The problem in this study is focused on the influence of eWOM on tourist travel intention due to the current development of the internet helps tourist destinations to market their products. In addition, TripAdvisor was chosen in this study as a platform that has a role as a very popular online travel review site by displaying reviews from tourists and can be read by other travelers. To approach this problem, this study uses Ajzen’s statement (2015) which mentions that travel intention can be predicted from 3 factors, namely behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs. This research uses descriptive quantitative method, by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents, and analyzed using descriptive statistical data analysis techniques along with simple linear regression. This study concludes that tourist travel intention can be influenced by electronic word of mouth by 61.1% while 38.9% is influenced by other factors. 

scholarly journals Andar como forma de ejercicio físico en la Fibromialgia: un estudio de identificación de creencias desde la Teoría de la Acción Planeada

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Ángeles Pastor ◽  
Sofía López-Roig ◽  
Yolanda Sanz ◽  
Cecilia Peñacoba ◽  
Margarita Cigarán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Behavioral Beliefs ◽  
Exercise Guidelines

This study is the first phase of the formative research recommended in the Theory of Planned Behavior for the development of an intervention. Our aims are to identify modal beliefs about the performance of an exercise pattern in people with fibromyalgia, to test the items designed for direct evaluation of the predictive constructs and to explore their relationships with the behavior. We assessed 46 women with fibromyalgia. Content analysis showed more positive than negative consequences related to the performance of exercise guidelines (behavioral beliefs). Families and friends are the important referents (normative beliefs) and we identified facilitating and inhibiting factors in the performance of exercise behavior related to aspects of fibromyalgia (control beliefs) such as pain, fatigue and emotional state. The subjective norm scale showed the lowest internal consistency (α= .78). The results confirmed the sedentary lifestyle of the participants (previous behavior: Mea<em>n=</em>3.67; rank=1-7) although they also suggested that participants intended to perform the behavior (Mea<em>n=</em>5.67). The relationships between constructs are coherent with the theory, and support the relevance of applying it to the selected behavior and population.

Children’s Beliefs Toward Cooperative Playing With Peers With Disabilities in Physical Education

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Obrusnikova ◽  
Martin Block ◽  
Suzanna Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
School Students ◽  
Behavioral Beliefs ◽  
Children's Beliefs ◽  
General Physical ◽  
General Physical Education ◽  
And Control ◽  
Elementary And Middle School

Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) was used to elicit salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs of children without disabilities toward playing with a hypothetical peer with a disability in general physical education. Participants were 350 elementary and middle school students who completed two questionnaires. Questionnaires were assessed for content validity. Participants provided more affective (68%) than instrumental (32%) responses for favorable behavioral beliefs and more instrumental (76%) than affective (24%) responses for unfavorable beliefs. Peer social pressure was prevalent in favorable (69%) and unfavorable (99%) responses. Social pressure significantly varied across five grades, χ2(4, N = 448) = 40.51, p < .01. Participants responded many factors in the class would positively (76%) or negatively (89%) influence the behavior.

Serotonin Function and Gender Effects in Migraine Production and OCD

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Cheryl M. Wong ◽  
Eric Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractA high prevalence of comorbidity has been reported between migraines and psychiatric disorders. It has been proposed that migraine headaches are mediated by stimulation of serotonin (5-HT) receptors. Past studies have demonstrated that migraine-like headaches have been produced following administration of the partial 5-HT agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP; believed to primarily affect the 5-HT2C receptor) in patients with migraines or eating disorders, especially bulimia, as well as in normal controls. We review the association between 5-HT dysfunction, as determined by response to m-CPP challenge, and migraines, looking specifically at the relationship between migraines and obsessive-compulsive disorder and gender effects.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Sexual Intercourse Among African-Born Adolescents in Southern California

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Dixon Anjejo ◽  
Naomi N. Modeste ◽  
Jerry W. Lee ◽  
Colwick M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Behavioral Beliefs ◽  
Black African ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
And Control

Based on the theory of planned behavior the research aims were to: (a) ascertain how attitude, subjective norm, and perceived control predict intentions to engage in sexual intercourse among Black, African-born adolescents in Southern California; and (b) determine how behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs predict attitude, subjective norm and perceived control. A questionnaire was developed based on focus group findings. One hundred and thirty-five adolescents aged 15 to 19 years completed the questionnaire. The strongest predictor of intention was attitude, then subjective norm. Enjoying sex, “wanting to be a parent” and to “keep sexual partners” predicted attitude. Educative, informative, cultural and faith based programs, if initiated may help African adolescents in Southern California.

scholarly journals Beliefs related to oral antidiabetic use among individuals with diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadete de Lourdes André Gouveia ◽  
Mailson Marques de Sousa ◽  
Taciana da Costa Farias Almeida ◽  
Vinicius André Gouveia de Sousa ◽  
Wilma Dias de Fontes Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Oral Antidiabetics ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
Behavioral Beliefs ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic ◽  
Open Question

Abstract Objective: To identify beliefs related to oral antidiabetic use among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Method: This is a descriptive, quantitative and qualitative study conducted with 32 participants using oral antidiabetic drugs. Data was collected through an open question tool and analyzed by number of emissions and content. Results: Among the behavioral beliefs, the following stand out: (a) as an advantage, to keep diabetes controlled; and (b) as disadvantages, gastric pain and discomfort, nausea and diarrhea. In the normative beliefs, family stood out as a social referent (children, mother and siblings). As for the control beliefs, taking the tablets with water and the size of the tablets stood out as practicalities and difficulties, respectively, in relation to the oral therapy follow-up. Conclusion and implications for practice: It was possible to identify the beliefs regarding the behavior of taking oral antidiabetics that will contribute to foster educational strategies with the potential to strengthen the positive beliefs and to revert the negative ones, in favor of adherence to drug therapy, glycemic control and quality of life.

scholarly journals Integrating Digital Literacy Into EFL Classroom: A Study of Theory of Planned Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Nurul Alfia ◽  
Sumardi Sumardi ◽  
Diah Kristina
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Behavioral Beliefs

Beliefs take a vital role in influencing students' decision about integrating digital literacy in EFL classroom. This case study investigated students' behavioral, control, and normative beliefs toward integrating digital literacy into the EFL classroom. This research used the Theory of Planned Behavior initiated by Ajzen to collect and analyze the data. The results of interviews and observations highlighted students' integration of digital literacy into EFL classroom referred to several beliefs. The behavioral beliefs (attitude toward advantages of a behavior) about the value of digital literacy for its effectiveness and efficiency potential to find information, to promote students cognitive skills and ethical awareness, and to improve English proficiency; normative beliefs (about social support) about the meeting of the expectation of school, teachers, parents, and friends; and control beliefs (about perceive behavioral control) about the opportunity and the availability to interact with the technology. This study highlighted a substantive theory related to the findings: Students' positive beliefs about integrating digital literacy into EFL classroom influence students' learning strategy. By having positive beliefs about the outcomes that students will get (behavioral beliefs), support from family, teachers, and the school environment (normative beliefs), as well as beliefs about the presence of factors that may facilitate or hinder the performance (control beliefs), students demonstrate the tendency to always use digital technology in learning English.

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