scholarly journals Construction and Analysis of Coexpression Network to Understand Biological Responses in Chickens Infected by Eimeria tenella

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohong Liu ◽  
Xueting Ma ◽  
Jianping Cai
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
System Level ◽  
Coexpression Network ◽  
Rna Transport ◽  
Eimeria Maxima ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coexpression Network Analysis

Coccidiosis, caused by various Eimeria species, is a major parasitic disease in chickens. Our understanding of how chickens respond to coccidian infections is highly limited at both the molecular and cellular levels. In this study, coexpression modules were identified by weighted gene coexpression network analysis in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. A total of 15 correlation modules were identified using 5,175 genes with 24 chicken samples, 12 with primary and 12 with secondary E. tenella infection. The analysis of the interactions between these modules showed a high degree of scale independence. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed that genes in these functional modules were involved in a broad categories of functions, such as immune response, amino acid metabolism, cellular responses to lipids, sterol biosynthetic processes, and RNA transport. Two modules viz yellow and magenta were identified significantly associating with infection status. Preservation analysis showed that most of the modules identified in E. tenella infections were highly or moderately preserved in chickens infected with either Eimeria acervulina or Eimeria maxima. These analyses outline a biological responses landscape for chickens infected by E. tenella, and also indicates that infections with these three Eimeria species elicit similar biological responses in chickens at the system level. These findings provide new clues and ideas for investigating the relationship between parasites and host, and the control of parasitic diseases.

Transcriptional landscape of cholangiocarcinoma revealed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyu Long ◽  
Shan Huang ◽  
Yi Bai ◽  
Jinzhu Mao ◽  
Anqiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Therapy ◽  
Coexpression Network ◽  
Gene Coexpression Network ◽  
Tumor Differentiation ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Gene Coexpression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coexpression Network Analysis

Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a type of cancer with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Although some important genes and pathways associated with CCA have been identified, the relationship between coexpression and phenotype in CCA at the systems level remains unclear. In this study, the relationships underlying the molecular and clinical characteristics of CCA were investigated by employing weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The gene expression profiles and clinical features of 36 patients with CCA were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, the coexpression of DEGs was determined by using the WGCNA method to investigate the correlations between pairs of genes. Network modules that were significantly correlated with clinical traits were identified. In total, 1478 mRNAs were found to be aberrantly expressed in CCA. Seven coexpression modules that significantly correlated with clinical characteristics were identified and assigned representative colors. Among the 7 modules, the green and blue modules were significantly related to tumor differentiation. Seventy-eight hub genes that were correlated with tumor differentiation were found in the green and blue modules. Survival analysis showed that 17 hub genes were prognostic biomarkers for CCA patients. In addition, we found five new targets (ISM1, SULT1B1, KIFC1, AURKB and CCNB1) that have not been studied in the context of CCA and verified their differential expression in CCA through experiments. Our results not only promote our understanding of the relationship between the transcriptome and clinical data in CCA but will also guide the development of targeted molecular therapy for CCA.

TO STUDY THE DYNAMICS OF IMMUNITY IN BLACK-AND-WHITE COWS DEPENDING ON AGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
М.В. ДОВЫДЕНКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Проведена статистическая обработка сформированной базы данных показателей неспецифической резистентности MS «Excel» с целью изучения динамики иммунитета по параметрам бактерицидной, лизоцимной и фагоцитарной активности у крупного рогатого скота черно-пестрой породы разных возрастов. Было установлено, что средние значения показателей лизоцимной и бактерицидной активности у телят в 6 мес были ниже (47,89% и 49,09%, соответственно), чем у животных в 3—4 года (53,75% и 52,81%). Выведено уравнение регрессии, описывающее взаимосвязь между средними показателями фагоцитарной активности и возрастом при высокой степени достоверности (R2=0,90). Изменения лизоцимной и бактерицидной активности в зависимости от возраста были недостоверными (R2=0,58 и R2=0,49, соответственно). Установлена высокая корреляция между бактерицидной и лизоцимной активностью. Отмечена динамика изменения неспецифического иммунитета у коров различных возрастных групп. Создание баз данных и постоянный мониторинг основных показателей естественной резистентности в зависимости от различных факторов (породы, возраста, стадий лактации, кормления, способов содержания), которые влияют на данные показатели, необходимо для оценки физиологического состояния организма животных и их устойчивости к болезням. Statistical processing of the generated MS "Excel" on indicators of non-specific resistance database was carried out with the aim of studying the dynamics of the development of immunity in terms of bactericidal, lysozyme and phagocytic activity in black-and-white cattle of different ages. It was found that the average values of indicators of lysozyme and bactericidal activity in calves at 6 months were lower (47.89% and 49.09%, respectively) than in animals at the age of 3—4 years (53.75% and 52.81%). The equation of regression was derived, it describes the relationship between the average indicators of phagocytic activity and the age with a high degree of reliability (R2=0.90). The changes in lysozyme and bactericidal activity depending on age were dubious (R2=0.58 and R2=0.49, respectively). The high correlation between bactericidal and lysozyme activity was established. It was noticed that the cows of different age groups experienced the dynamics of changes in nonspecific immunity. The creation of databases and constant monitoring of the main indicators of natural resistance, depending on various factors (breed, age, stages of lactation, feeding, methods of keeping) that affect these indicators, is necessary for assessing the physiological state of the animals’ body of and their resistance to diseases.

scholarly journals Advertising Media Impact in Consumer Buying Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Ashmita Dahal Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Buying Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Advertisements have been used for many years to influence the buying behaviors of the consumers. Advertisements are helpful in creating the awareness and perception among the customers of a product. This particular research was conducted on the 100 young male and female who use different brands of product to check the influence of advertisement on their buying behavior while creating the awareness and building the perceptions. Correlation, regression and other statistical tools were used to identify the relationship between these variables. The results revealed that the relationship between media and consumer behavior is positive. The adve1tising impact on sales and there is positive and high degree relationship between advertising and consumer behavior. The impact on advertising of a product of electronic media is better than non-electronic media.

Glycogenolytic rates and cAMP in livers of rats running at different treadmill speeds

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. R353-R356
Author(s):  
W. W. Winder ◽  
M. A. Beattie ◽  
E. O. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Camp Concentration ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Camp Levels ◽  
Liver Glycogenolysis

The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of different work rates on the rate of liver glycogenolysis and to determine the relationship between liver adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels and the glycogenolytic rate. Rats were run at treadmill speeds ranging from 10 to 34 m/min up a 15% grade for either 30 or 60 min. Both the magnitude of the decrease in liver glycogen and the increase in hepatic cAMP were dependent on the running speed and the duration of running. At the highest work rate a disproportionate acceleration in the liver glycogenolytic rate was observed compared with that at lower work loads, thus resulting in a curvilinear relationship between work rate and liver glycogenolytic rate. A high degree of correlation was found between the liver glycogenolytic rate and hepatic cAMP concentration (r = 0.98). This observation is consistent with the idea that hepatic glycogenolytic rates are determined by cAMP-mediated mechanisms.

Sino-Japanese Reactive Diplomacy as Seen Through the Interplay of the Belt Road Initiative (BRI) and the Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision (FOIP)

China Report ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Stephen Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Road Maps ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Development Trajectories ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The Indo-Pacific region is now home to at least two competing regionalism road maps, China’s Belt Road Initiative (BRI) and Japan’s Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision (FOIP). Through comparing their respective development trajectories, this article examines the relationship between these two regionalisation initiatives. Key lines of enquiry include the following: Is the interaction between the BRI and the FOIP Vision reactive, proactive or both? Why has each initiative changed its trajectory? How can we characterise these competing initiatives? This article employs a regionalism matrix analysis that compares two different approaches, integration from a ‘rational-legal perspective’ with an emphasis on broad cooperation and state sovereignty from a ‘process-oriented perspective’ with a focus on exact goals. It finds that the BRI focuses on both a high degree of state sovereignty based on a ‘process-oriented perspective’ and exact cooperation. In contrast, FOIP stresses integration through a ‘rational-legal perspective’, broad cooperation and a shared rules-based order. Furthermore, there is a reactive interplay between these two regionalism frameworks that shapes their orientation and influences their focus.

When Religion Hurts: Structural Sexism and Health in Religious Congregations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000312242199668
Author(s):  
Patricia Homan ◽  
Amy Burdette
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
State Level ◽  
Religious Participation ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

An emerging line of research has begun to document the relationship between structural sexism and health. This work shows that structural sexism—defined as systematic gender inequality in power and resources—within U.S. state-level institutions and within marriages can shape individuals’ physical health. In the present study, we use a novel dataset created by linking two nationally representative surveys (the General Social Survey and the National Congregations Study) to explore the health consequences of structural sexism within another setting: religious institutions. Although religious participation is generally associated with positive health outcomes, many religious institutions create and reinforce a high degree of structural sexism, which is harmful for health. Prior research has not reconciled these seemingly conflicting patterns. We find that among religious participants, women who attend sexist religious institutions report significantly worse self-rated health than do those who attend more inclusive congregations. Furthermore, only women who attend inclusive religious institutions exhibit a health advantage relative to non-participants. We observe marginal to no statistically significant effects among men. Our results suggest the health benefits of religious participation do not extend to groups that are systematically excluded from power and status within their religious institutions.

scholarly journals Clinical nutritional surveys Relationship between observed signs

1947 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Adcock ◽  
W. H. Hammond ◽  
H. E. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
General Factor ◽  
General State ◽  
Muscular Development ◽  
Nutritional Factor ◽  
Clinical Survey ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The findings of clinical nutrition surveys of 3351 children aged 8–15 years and of 3326 adults, of both sexes, were analysed statistically to ascertain the relationship existing between nutritional grade (good, fair and poor) and the incidence of a variety of clinical signs (pityriasis, folliculosis, gingivitis, etc.) observed at the time of the medical examination but not taken into account in grading the subjects according to their state of nutrition.The analysis showed negligible correlations between the clinical signs singly and collectively and the clinician's nutritional grade. Further, when we compared the incidence of each clinical sign and the nutritional state as a combination of all the clinical signs (i.e. the general nutritional factor), there was negligible agreement as shown by the low general factor saturation coefficients, thus suggesting that the presence of these signs is not a dependable expression of the general state of nutrition.A special clinical survey of 1067 children was carried out to provide data which would throw light on the relationship between the criteria (posture, muscular development, etc.) which the clinician consciously takes into account but does not as a rule record in deciding the nutritional grade, and the nutritional grade itself. The grading criteria in the survey were separately assessed and recorded and so also were the usual clinical signs (pityriasis, gingivitis, etc.).For the grading criteria there was a high degree of correlation between each one and the nutritional grade and also between each one and the combined pool of all the criteria. The clinical signs showed only negligible correlations with each other, with the nutritional grade or with any of the grading criteria.It would seem, therefore, that nutritional assessment as at present understood is determined mainly by the value placed on the grading criteria (posture, muscular development, etc.), and to a negligible extent or not at all by the presence or absence of clinical signs (pityriasis, folliculosis, gingivitis, etc.).

scholarly journals Quantitative radioimmunohistochemical measurements of p185(erbB-2) in frozen tissue sections.

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1251-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Reeves ◽  
J J Going ◽  
G Smith ◽  
T G Cooke ◽  
B W Ozanne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Interstudy Variability ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Formalin Fixed

The relationship between expression of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene and the biology of breast cancer has been investigated widely, most studies using immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. This technique is at best semiquantitative and there is a high degree of interstudy variability because of its subjective nature and poor methodological standardization. The relationship between the levels of expression and biology can be examined thoroughly only with an accurately quantitative technique. We have developed a radioimmunohistochemical assay to measure p185(erbB-2) in tissue biopsy specimens. The method involves incubating frozen sections with 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody, microautoradiograpy, and grain counting with image analysis. Sections of cell pellets with known c-erbB-2 levels are processed with each batch of samples as internal calibration standards. We have quantified c-erbB-2 expression in 60 breast carcinomas and compared the results with conventional immunohistochemistry. Radioimmunohistochemistry measured receptor levels throughout the range of expression in breast carcinomas, whereas conventional immunohistochemistry detected the protein only in the highest expressing tumors. The quantitative, objective data produced by radioimmunohistochemistry allow a more thorough evaluation of the relationship between c-erbB-2 expression and tumor biology. This technique may have applications in other fields where quantitative data is required and relevant monoclonal antibodies are available.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Chill-Hours and Degree-Days Affect Carpogenic Germination in Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Scherm ◽  
A. T. Savelle ◽  
P. L. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of cumulative chill-hours (hours with a mean temperature <7.2°C) and heating degree-days (base 7.2°C) to carpogenic germination of pseudosclerotia of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, which causes mummy berry disease of blueberry, was investigated. In two laboratory experiments, pseudosclerotia collected from rabbiteye blueberry in Georgia were conditioned at 5 to 6°C for 26 to 1,378 h prior to placement in conditions favorable for germination and apothecium development. The number of chill-hours accumulated during the conditioning period affected the subsequent proportion of pseudosclerotia that germinated and produced apothecia, with the greatest incidence of carpogenic germination occurring after intermediate levels of chilling (≈700 chill-hours). The minimum chilling requirement for germination and apothecium production was considerably lower than that reported previously for pseudo-sclerotia from highbush blueberry in northern production regions. The rate of carpogenic germination was strongly affected by interactions between the accumulation of chill-hours and degree-days during the conditioning and germination periods; pseudosclerotia exposed to prolonged chilling periods, once transferred to suitable conditions, germinated and produced apothecia more rapidly (after fewer degree-days had accumulated) than those exposed to shorter chilling periods. Thus, pseudosclerotia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi are adapted to germinate carpogenically following cold winters (high chill-hours, low degree-days) as well as warm winters (low chill-hours, high degree-days). Results were validated in a combined field-laboratory experiment in which pseudosclerotia that had received various levels of natural chilling were allowed to germinate in controlled conditions in the laboratory, and in two field experiments in which pseudosclerotia were exposed to natural chilling and germination conditions. A simple model describing the timing of apothecium emergence in relation to cumulative chill-hours and degree-days was developed based on the experiments. The model should be useful for better timing of field scouting programs for apothecia to aid in management of primary infection by M. vaccinii-corymbosi.

Jesus in the World of Religions a Preliminary Plotting of a Route Map

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-334
Author(s):  
Gerhard Van Den Heever
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
The World ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

AbstractIn a comparative study the issue is raised about the relationship between the construction of the saviour-image in Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism and Hinduism. The historical links between these traditions are highlighted and then the article proceeds to argue that when compared, the projections of the images of Jesus and Buddha, Jesus and Zoroaster and Jesus and Krishna exhibit a high degree of similarity. In the process questions are asked about the nature of religion and the value of comparative study.

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