scholarly journals The Determinants of Risk Transmission between Oil and Agricultural Prices: An IPVAR Approach

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Ngoc Vu ◽  
Chi Minh Ho ◽  
Thang Cong Nguyen ◽  
Duc Hong Vo
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Agricultural Prices ◽  
The Relationship

Previous empirical studies have generally considered biofuel as a main factor in changes in the relationship between oil and agricultural prices because these changes happened after U.S. biofuel policies were implemented. However, it has been argued that other economic factors can trigger the correlation of these two markets. This study was conducted to examine the transmission mechanisms that influence the relationship between oil and agricultural prices. This paper used the interacted panel vector autoregressive framework, which allowed us to investigate the effect of biofuel production under different regimes of exchange rates and global economic activities. The responses of agricultural prices to oil prices at different levels of biofuel production, global economic activity, and exchange rates were examined in this paper. Data on prices for 10 agricultural commodities—barley, beans, corn, cotton, oats, rice, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, and wheat—from January 2000 to May 2019, were used in this study. Our findings indicate that oil prices can affect agricultural prices through biofuel and exchange rates. Moreover, the effect of biofuel depends on the level of global economic activity and exchange rates. We offer some policy implications on the basis of our findings in this study.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Kelestarian Ekonomi dan Lingkungan: Suatu Kajian Literatur

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 841-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Sukendar W
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Positive Research ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
The Relationship

Pollution of the environment faced is generally caused by economic activity. Traditional economic theory placed trade-off between economic growth and environmental quality. However, since the early 1990s the empirical literature and theoretical literature have been growing rapidly. Research has shown that the relationship between economic growth and the environment can be positive. Research has shown the effect of income on environmental sustainability, control of population density. However, environmental pollution can be controlled to obtain optimal pollution which gives the maximum net benefits of economic activity. Identification of contaminants is required when optimal pollution can be determined. Economic instruments can be used to sue the polluters to control their economic activities. Selection of economic instruments that will be applied will work fine if the value of environmental contamination is known. In fact, pollution is not valuable, and therefore, the economic valuation of pollution is required. Several assessment techniques have been introduced, based on the type of pollution. The results also show that the conventional wisdom focuses more on the pollution control, in which they must be combined with the development of policy options that focus on ecoefficiency aspects of environmental sustainability and innovation in the process of economic development. If not, the economic growth will continue to degrade the environment in most countries.

scholarly journals Transport cost in location practice and economic geography: traditional theories, some new dimensions and policy implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Manolis Christofakis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Abstract This paper outlines the main theoretical approaches to the role of transport in spatial organization and investigates possible new extensions at a theoretical and practical level, focusing on the analysis of transport cost. Beginning from the traditional theories of spatial distribution and the location of economic activities under transport cost, the analysis focuses on the related approaches of the new economic geography, which are based on the assumptions of the known “iceberg cost”. After that, through the presentation of indicative empirical studies, the paper attempts to clarify new issues that should be taken into account in the relevant theoretical considerations as well as in the political practice. Thus, factors such as the change of production structure in the modern economies with the production of more quality products, lower mass, and higher relative value and intangible goods, in combination with the improved transport technology, have contributed to a continuous reduction of the transport cost of raw materials and productive goods over the years. These developments along with the growing importance of cost of moving people should be taken into account in the new theoretical interrogations and the political practice of regional and urban development

scholarly journals Measuring the effect of cash credit on industrial production in Iraq for the period of 2003-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Salam Mounam Zamil ◽  
◽  
Ghalib Shaker Bahit ◽  
Hatem Kareem Balhawi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Domestic Credit ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Industrial Economic

The monetary sector in Iraq occupies a distinguished position as it manages the movement of money, which is the main engine of economic activity. The importance of research is determined by studying the relationship between cash credit and its role in fostering economic activities, especially in the industrial sector. The authors of the research aim to study and analyze the nature of domestic credit in Iraq and its role in developing the industrial sector. The research originates from the hypothesis that credit changes in Iraq have a major role in developing industrial economic activities. In order to reach the purpose of the research and verify the hypothesis, an analysis of the domestic crediting in Iraq, along with its role in the development of the industrial sector, and the causal importance of the types of cash credit in Iraq was carried out. In this study, the descriptive inductive approach is relied on the analysis of monetary credit indicators in Iraq. In addition to the quantitative method of analyzing the available data on the relationship between cash credit and the industrial sector, the authors used the EViews 12 software.

scholarly journals Linkage between tourism and sustainable development in urban areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Marinela Krstinić Nižić ◽  
Maša Trinajstić ◽  
Zvonimira Šverko Grdić
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Urban Tourism ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Over the last decades, tourism has experienced continued growth, and its impact on economic activity can be observed through its effects on the balance of payments and the labour market, as well as connections with other economic activities. According to the ITB report (2016), urban tourism recorded the largest increase, noting that tourist arrivals in urban areas increased by 58% in the past five years. This was due to growing urbanization, better road accessibility and air connectivity between cities, shorter stays and an increasing number of trips per year. In recent years, the number of tourist arrivals in urban areas has also increased in Croatia. In 2018, over 12 million arrivals were recorded, which represents 64% of the total tourist arrivals for that year. Methodology: The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between tourism (tourism indicators) and sustainable development (investment in sustainable development) in cities in Croatia. The survey covered all 128 cities. The data analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney test and regression analysis. Results: The results show that there is a correlation between tourism and sustainable development in the analysed cities. Cities with thriving tourism pay more attention to sustainable development. Conclusion: It is necessary to continuously increase the levels of knowledge and understanding of tourism in accordance with the principles of sustainable development.

Youth Gang Homicides: A Literature Review

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Youth Gang ◽  
The Relationship

This literature review aims to help fill the information void regarding youth gang homicide by summarizing data and results of empirical studies. Information on the topic is summarized in five areas. First, the growth in youth gang homicides is assessed. Second, distinguishing characteristics of gang homicides are reviewed. Third, studies of the relationship between youth gang homicides and drug trafficking are examined. Fourth, promising programs and intervention strategies are reviewed. Program and policy implications are discussed in the final section. Youth gang homicides can be prevented and reduced.

scholarly journals The impact of inflation on the unemployment rate in Egypt: a VAR approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Emad Attia Mohamed Omran ◽  
Yuriy Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Unemployment and inflation are among the most critical phenomena facing both developed and developing countries due to their harmful social, economic, and political effects. The Egyptian monetary policy’s main objective is to maintain a low inflation rate in the medium run to keep the confidence and a high rate of investment and economic growth. At the same time, economists argue that targeting a low-rate of inflation may increase unemployment. Although the classical Philips curve indicates a trade-off between inflation and unemployment, several empirical studies have argued that the relationship between inflation and unemployment depends on the shocks’ source and lagged responses. The main objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between inflation and Egypt’s unemployment rate. We used time-series data from 1980 to 2019, where a vector autoregressive (VAR) model and the Impulse response function tool (IRF) were employed. The results show that inflation has a positive relationship with GDP while negatively affecting the unemployment rate.

Shifts in Energy Consumption Driven by Urbanization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Sadorsky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy ◽  
Important Milestone

The year 2007 marked an important milestone as, for the first time in history, the world’s urban population passed 50%. An increase in urbanization brings new opportunities and new challenges with respect to business, society, and the economy as increases in urbanization are associated with greater economic activity. One particular area of interest is how urbanization affects energy consumption. This chapter surveys recent theoretical and empirical contributions on the relationship between urbanization and energy consumption. The chapter first sets out the conceptual framework and some empirical observations on the relationship between energy consumption and urbanization. This is followed by sections that provide a more detailed review of the empirical evidence linking energy consumption with urbanization. The chapter concludes with some limitations from existing empirical studies, suggestions for future research, and policy implications.

Oil Prices and Economic Growth in Major Emerging Economies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Emrah I Cevik ◽  
Sel Dibooglu ◽  
Tugba Kantarci ◽  
Hande Caliskan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

There is a strong correlation between energy prices and economic activity. The relationship particularly holds true for crude oil as changes in oil prices are associated with changes in production costs, and economic activity also generates significant demand for energy and crude oil. This chapter examines the relationship between economic activity and crude oil prices using causality tests in the frequency domain and taking into account the difference between positive and negative changes in both oil prices and economic activity as the relationship can be asymmetric. The authors present empirical results for major emerging economies including Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey. Empirical results indicate that for most countries there is bidirectional causality between crude oil prices and economic activity whereas only negative oil price shocks seem to negatively affect economic activity.

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