scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Tomato and Cucumber Seedlings under Different Light–Dark Cycles

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
Francisco Sabio ◽  
Francisco Javier Barbero ◽  
Rosa María Chica ◽  
María Teresa Lao
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Dark Exposure ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Tomato and cucumber seedlings were grown in a growth chamber to evaluate the effects of different cycles of light–dark exposure conditions (T0 (control treatment) (1 cycle of 24 h distributed in 18 h of light exposure and six hours of dark), T1 (two cycles of 12 h distributed in nine hours of light exposure and three hours of dark) and T2 (three cycles of eight hours distributed in six hours of light exposure and two hours of dark) on growth, nutrient status, pigment concentration and physiological changes. Total dry weight showed different behaviors in both species, since in tomato the total dry weight remained unchanged under varying light–dark cycles, whereas in cucumber seedlings there was a clear decrease compared to the control treatment. In both species, plants grown under T2 showed the best water content. Nitrogen, P and K content—as well as partitioning in the different organs of the plants—displayed different patterns under varying cycles of light–dark conditions in both species. Chlorophyll (b and a + b) concentration decreased significantly in both species in T1 and T2 compared to the control treatment (T0). At physiological level, the concentration of total soluble sugars and proline in leaf showed the highest value in the control treatment with 18 h of light and six hours of dark.

scholarly journals ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE DOIS MEIOS DE CULTURA PARA Corymbia citriodora IN VITRO

FLORESTA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Ângela Simone Freitag ◽  
Felipe Uassurê Nery ◽  
Fabiana Ribeiro Rossi ◽  
Antônio Natal Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora

 O presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de explantes caulinares de C. citriodora nos meios de cultura JADS e MS, mensurando-se a produção de biomassa total, proteínas totais e açúcares totais solúveis. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, organizados em esquema bifatorial, com parcela subdividida no tempo com três repetições por tratamento. Tratamentos: T1 (testemunha, 40 ml de meio por frasco); T2 (40 ml de meio por frasco e adição de 10 ml no dia 6); T3 (40 ml de meio por frasco e adição de 10 ml nos dias 6 e 9). Como subparcelas, sete épocas de avaliação (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18). Concluiu-se que para o meio JADS é mais recomendado que se efetuem duas adições de meio durante a fase desenvolvimento dos explantes. Já para o MS, aconselha-se não adicionar meio de cultura durante o desenvolvimento do C. citriodora.Palavras-chave: JADS; MS; micropropagação; desenvolvimento. AbstractComparative study between two environments for cultivation of Corymbia citriodora in vitro. This research aimed to compare growth and development of C. citriodora shoots in JADS and MS environments measuring the total dry weight, total proteins, and total soluble sugars. The experimental design employed was randomized blocks, arranged in bifactorial model, with timing split plots with three replications per treatment. Treatments: T1 (control, 40 ml of medium per bottle, without addition during the assessment), T2 (40 ml of medium per bottle adding 10 ml just on third day of assessment), T3 (40 ml of medium per bottle adding 10 ml on third and fourth days of assessment) as subplots, seven assessment periods (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18). As result, for the medium JADS it is recommended two additions of culture medium during the explants development. For MS it is not indicated add cultivating environment during C. citriodora development.Keywords: JADS; MS; micropropagation; development.  

scholarly journals The effect of salinity stress on ions and soluble sugars distribution in leaves, leaf sheaths and roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nemati ◽  
F. Moradi ◽  
S. Gholizadeh ◽  
M.A. Esmaeili ◽  
M.R. Bihamta
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Dry Weight

In order to investigate the solutes accumulation associated with salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.), two rice genotypes including IR651 (salt-tolerant) and IR29 (salt-sensitive) were grown hydroponically in the Youshida nutrient solution. Salinity treatment was imposed 3 weeks after sowing using NaCl in two levels 0 and 100 mmol. Samples were separately collected from the youngest (sixth) leaves, leaf sheaths and roots at 72 and 240 h after salinization; then Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, P, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup> and total soluble sugars concentration and Na+/K<sup>+</sup> ratio were determined. Total dry weight of both genotypes decreased with the application of NaCl. Salinity caused higher accumulation of Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup> in the sixth leaf and leaf sheath of IR29 than in IR651 while their concentration in root of IR651 was higher. K<sup>+</sup> concentration was decreased in the sixth leaf and leaf sheath of IR29 under NaCl stress. Reduction in Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg2+ concentrations were observed in sixth leaves of both genotypes. P concentration was increased in leaf sheath and root of IR29 under saline conditions while it showed no changes in IR651. Our results indicated that the tolerant genotype had mechanisms to prevent high Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup> accumulation in the sixth leaf. High total soluble sugars concentration in shoot of IR651 is probably for adjusting osmotic potential and better water uptake under salinity. These mechanisms help plant to avoid tissue death and enable to continue its growth and development under saline conditions. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Growth, Photosynthesis, and Physiological Responses of Ornamental Plants to Complementation with Monochromic or Mixed Red-Blue LEDs for Use in Indoor Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
Gabriela Martínez-Ramírez ◽  
Eva María Almansa ◽  
Francisco Javier Barbero ◽  
Rosa María Chica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Red Leds

Inch (Tradescantia zebrina) and spider (Chlorophytum comosum) plants were grown in a growth chamber for two months in plastic containers to evaluate the effects of different light treatments (TO Tube luminescent Dunn (TLD) lamps or control), TB (TLD lamps + blue light emitting diodes (LEDs)), TR (TLD lamps + red LEDs), and TBR (TLD lamps + blue and red LEDs) on biomass, photosynthesis, and physiological parameters. Total dry weight and water content were evaluated at the end of the experimental period. After two months, pigment concentrations and the photosynthetic rate were assessed in both species. The total soluble sugar, starch, and proline concentrations in the leaf as physiological parameters were studied at the end of the experiment. Both species had increased root, shoot, and total dry weight under blue LEDs conditions. The chlorophyll concentration showed a specific response in each species under monochromic or mixed red-blue LEDs. The highest photosynthetic rate was measured under the addition of mixed red-blue LEDs with TLD lamps. At the physiological level, each species triggered different responses with respect to total soluble sugars and the proline concentration in leaves under monochromic or mixed red-blue LEDs. Our study demonstrated that the addition of blue LEDs is advisable for the production of these ornamental foliage species.

scholarly journals Aqueous Garlic Extract as a Plant Biostimulant Enhances Physiology, Improves Crop Quality and Metabolite Abundance, and Primes the Defense Responses of Receiver Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikandar Hayat ◽  
Husain Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Kashif Hayat ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Crop Quality

Biostimulants are the next-generation choice for sustainable agricultural production and are gradually becoming an alternative to synthetic chemicals. Various botanicals are proposed to exert stimulatory effects, and garlic allelochemicals are among such botanicals; however, a peer-reviewed scientific evaluation is required to understand garlic-derived substances such as biostimulants. Current studies were therefore performed to identify the bioactivity of garlic extract as a biostimulant to improve crop quality, alter its physiological potential, and prime its defense responses against pathogenic fungal infections. 100 µg mL−1 aqueous garlic extracts (AGE) in consort with 1 mM of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and distilled water as a control treatment were applied to eggplant and pepper seedlings as foliar application and fertigation methods. The results revealed stimulatory responses in the growth of the vegetables with improved plant height, number of leaves, root growth, fresh and dry weight, etc., due to AGE and ASA applications. Moreover, significant alterations were indicated in plant metabolites such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, and soluble sugars. Additionally, stimulation of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), as well as the root activity of these plants, was observed after treatment. Application of AGE and ASA also exerted priming effects on pepper plants, inducing defense responses prior to Phytopthora capsici inoculation, and the treated plants therefore successfully resisted infection through activated antioxidant systems, and probably carotenoid and other protectory metabolites. Stress-induced H2O2 content was extremely low in the treated plants, indicating successful resistance against pathogenic infection.

scholarly journals Biochemical Response and Nutrient Uptake of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Inoculated Chamomile Varieties Under Different Water Potentials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Amin Salehi ◽  
Mohsen Movahedi Dehnavi ◽  
Amin Mirshekari ◽  
Mohammad Hamidian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Abstract BackgroundWater-deficit stress is one of the most important sources of damage to crop production worldwide. Adopting appropriate varieties using soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) can significantly reduce theadverseeffectsofwater deficiency.This study is aimed to evaluate the role of Funneliformismosseaeon nutrients uptake and some physiological traits of two chamomile varieties namely Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksári(Sor) under water-deficit stress. The pot experiment was performed in a hydroponic system within a completely randomized design considering four replications. Three levels of water-deficit stress (PEG 6000) were taken into account at water potentials of -0.4 and -0.8MPa. The second factor was AM inoculation.ResultsWater-deficit stress significantly reduced the uptake of macro-nutrients (N, P, and K) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the shoots and roots. Moreover, the level of osmolytes (total soluble sugars and proline) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots of both varieties increased under water-deficit stress. In the case of Sor variety, the level of these compounds was more satisfactory. AM improved plant nutrition uptake and osmolyte contents while enhancing antioxidant enzymes and reducing theadverseeffectsofwater-deficit stress. Under water-deficit stress, the growth and total dry weight improved upon AM inoculation. ConclusionsIn general, inoculation of chamomile with AM balanced the uptake of nutrients increased the level of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and hence improved plant characteristics under water-deficit stress in both varieties, however, it was more effective in reducing stress damages in Sor variety.

scholarly journals Fittonia verschaffeltii Response to Artificial Light Treatments: BIOMASS, Nutrient Concentrations and Physiological Changes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparros ◽  
Eva María Almansa ◽  
Francisco Javier Barbero ◽  
Rosa María Chica ◽  
María Teresa Lao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different light treatments on biomass, nutrient concentrations and physiological parameters of Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lem) Van Houtte. The aim was to establish a methodology to evaluate the effect of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) emitted by lamps on biomass. The light treatments used were tube luminescent Dunn (TL-D), tube luminescent Dunn + light emitting diodes (LEDs) and Tube luminescent 5 (TL-5). At the end of the experimental period, biomass, nutritional, biochemical, and physiological parameters were assessed. A clear reduction in total plant dry weight under TL-D + LEDs at the end of the experiment was recorded. With respect to nutrient concentration in the different organs assessed, there was no clear response under the different light treatments. The growth under TL-D lamps resulted in the highest concentration of total soluble sugars and starch in leaves, whereas the highest value of indole 3-acetic acid concentration was under TL-5 lamps. Plants grown under TL-D + LEDs showed the lowest values of chlorophyll a, b and a + b. The relationship proposed between integrated use of spectral energy (IUSE) and total dry weight (TDW) showed a good correlation with an R2 value of 0.86, therefore we recommend this methodology to discern the effects of the different spectral qualities on plant biomass.

Application of Sewage Sludge and Its Impact on Soil Characteristics, Including Morphological and Biochemical Properties of Vigna radiata Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Basim Y. Alkhafaji ◽  
Roaa Jafar Elkheralla ◽  
Ahmed Salman Abdulhasan
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Characters

This experiment was conducted in pots to study the effects of sewage sludge application on some morphological, physiological and accumulation characters of Vigna radiata. The experiment contained the following treatments: control (C) 0 gm sludge/30 kg soil, (T1) 300 gm sludge/30 kg soil, (T2) 600 gm sludge/30 kg soil and (T3) 900 gm sludge/30 kg soil. All sludge treatments showed a significant increase in all morphological, physiological and accumulation characters compared with control. (T2 ) treatment gave a significant increase as compared to other treatments in all morphological characters (height of the plant, leaf area, and total dry weight for shoots and roots). It increased by 34.1 cm, 33.1 cm2, 29.8 gm and 3.3 gm, respectively, compared with the control. T2 treatment also gave significant values in all physiological characters (chlorophyll and protein content) as compared to other treatments and the control treatment, (2.60 μg/gm and 17.7%) respectively compared with the control. T3 treatment showed a higher accumulation of Cd and Pb in all plant parts, the root system showed greater susceptibility to bioaccumulation than the shoot system for both the heavy metals.

Tolerance and Physiological Responses in Two Populations of Harmel Plant to Silver Stress, A Suitable Candidate for Accumulation of Ag

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobra Mahdavian
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Silver Metal

Abstract By studying harmel plants in Ag metal-contaminated mineral areas, it was found that harmel plants can accumulate Ag metal, so the present study aimed to investigate the effects of Ag exposure (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 mgL− 1 Ag) to harmel seedlings. Two populations (metallicolous and non-metallicolous) were compared about Ag tolerance, Ag accumulation, translocation factor (TF), photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activity and, non-enzyme metabolite. At first, harmel plants were studied for their ability to accumulate silver metal in a silver metal-contaminated mineral area. Also, the results of hydroponic culture showed that the increase of Ag concentrations in the nutrient solution reduced root length, shoot length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and, total soluble sugars in both populations, but the accumulation is more pronounced in metallicolous populations than non-metallicolous. In response to this, the antioxidant activities were increased under Ag exposure, and sharp in the metallicolous population. In conclusion, the above results show that harmel seems a suitable candidate for Ag-accumulation; and these findings support the use of harmel as an acceptable species for cultivation in soils that are contaminated with Ag and strategies to minimize the toxicity of Ag in plants.

scholarly journals Integrated Application of Selenium and Silicon Enhances Growth and Anatomical Structure, Antioxidant Defense System and Yield of Wheat Grown in Salt-Stressed Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Ragab S. Taha ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Ashwag Shami ◽  
Bushra Ahmed Alhammad ◽  
Ayman H. A. Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Sod Activity

Selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) are considered advantageous elements to induce plants’ tolerance to various environmental stresses. Wheat yield is negatively affected by salinity stress, especially in dry and semi-dry areas. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of Se, Si and their combinations (0 as control, Se15, Se30, Si15, Si30, Se15 + Si15, and Se30 + Si30 mM) in alleviating the deleterious effects of salinity stress (7.61 dS m−1, real field conditions) on anatomical characteristics as well as the physio-biochemical and productivity parameters of wheat plants. The selenium and silicon treatments and their combinations caused significant amelioration in growth, anatomical and physiological attributes, and grain yields of salinity-stressed wheat in comparison with the untreated plants (control treatment). The integrated application of Se30 + Si30 significantly increased plant growth (i.e., plant height 28.24%, number of tillers m−2 76.81%, fresh weight plant−1 80.66%, and dry weight plant−1 79.65%), Fv/Fm (44.78%), performance index (PI; 60.45%), membrane stability index (MSI; 36.39%), relative water content (RWC; 29.39%), total soluble sugars (TSS; 53.38%), proline (33.74%), enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., CAT activity by 14.45%, GR activity by 67.5%, SOD activity by 35.37% and APX activity by 39.25%) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., GSH content by 117.5%, AsA content by 52.32%), yield and its components (i.e., number of spikelets spike−1 29.55%, 1000-grain weight 48.73% and grain yield ha−1 26.44%). The anatomical traits of stem and leaves were improved in wheat plants treated with Se30 + Si30. These changes resulting from the exogenous applications of Se, Si or their combinations, in turn, make these elements prospective in helping wheat plants to acclimate successfully to saline soil.

scholarly journals Seed Pretreatment and Foliar Application of Proline Regulate Morphological, Physio-Biochemical Processes and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Plants of Two Cultivars of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Hira Yaqoob ◽  
Nudrat A. Akram ◽  
Samrah Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Noman Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids

In the current study, the effects of exogenously applied proline (25 and 50 mM) and low-temperature treatment were examined on the physiochemical parameters in the plants of two cultivars (V1 and V2) of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). The seeds were also exposed to chilling stress at 4 °C before sowing. Plants raised from the seeds treated with low temperature showed reduced plant growth and contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids, but they had significantly increased contents of malondialdehyde, proline, ascorbic acid, total free amino acids, total soluble sugars, and total phenolics, as well as the activity of the peroxidase (POD) enzyme. Cold stress applied to seeds remained almost ineffective in terms of bringing about changes in plant root, hydrogen peroxide, glycine betaine and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) enzymes. The exogenous application of proline significantly increased plant growth, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, ascorbic acid, total free amino acids, phenolics, and total soluble sugars, as well as the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, but it decreased malondialdehyde content. Overall, foliar application of proline was better than the seed treatment in improving root dry weight, root length, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, glycine betaine, ascorbic acid and superoxide dismutase activity, whereas seed pre-treatment with proline was effective in improving shoot dry weight, shoot length, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and peroxidase activity in both quinoa cultivars.

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