Determining the Effect of Planting Date and Land Preparation Method on Seedling Emergence, Forage Mass, and Forage Nutritive Value of Forage Brassica

Forage brassicas are used as a forage in monoculture and multispecies mixtures, yet research defining best management practices is limited. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of land preparation method and planting date on establishment, forage mass, and quality of two Brassica species, ‘Inspiration’ canola (Brassica napus L.) and ‘T-Raptor’ hybrid turnip (B. rapa subsp. rapa × B. rapa L.). Each experiment was a randomized complete block design evaluating four land preparation methods: (conventional till (CT), no-till after burning (NB), no-till after mowing (NM), and no-till without residue removal (NR)), and four planting dates: (1 September (S1), 15 September (S15), 1 October (O1), and 15 October (O15)). Significant differences were observed for the canola seedling emergence, but are not of biological significance. Hybrid turnip seedling emergence was the greatest for the CT treatment and consistently greater than NM and NR treatments. Forage mass in the canola study was greatest for the CT and NB. Hybrid turnip forage mass demonstrated similar trends to the canola. CT had the greatest mass and the NR and NM treatments tended to provide the lowest forage mass. Across both studies, earlier planting dates (S1 and S15) resulted in greater overall forage mass than the later planting dates (O1 and O15). Forage nutritive value overall was lower in earlier planted brassica; however, forage nutritive value was not reduced enough to negatively impact livestock.

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The effects of seed priming, planting date and density on the silage yield of corn (Zea mays L.) in summer delayed sowing

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1902133a ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 133-145

Author(s):

Farshid Alipour-Abookheili ◽

Hamid-Reza Mobasser ◽

Morteza Siavoshi ◽

Farshid Golmaei

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Planting Date ◽

Planting Density ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Late Planting ◽

Early Planting ◽

Four Levels

To determine the effects of seed priming, date and density of planting on the silage yield of corn (Ks.c704 cultivar) in summer delayed planting, an experiment was carried out as a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2015 and 2016. Treatments were examined including two planting dates (July 27 and August 13) as main plots, two planting densities (7 and 9 plants per m2) as sub plots and four levels of seed priming (without priming, distilled water, 0.5% KNO3 and 10% PEG(8000)) as sub-sub plots. The results showed maximum of the speed and percentage of seedling emergence at the first year. The number of days decreased from planting date until 8- and 12- leaf stages in seed priming by the distilled water method. The silage yield decreased (26.69%) with the late planting (13 August), but the speed of seedling emergence increased. The planting density (9 plants/m2) yielded the highest percentage of lignin, speed of seedling emergence, plant height and silage yield. The highest ratio of the ear fresh weight to the total silage weight was obtained by the late planting date (13 August) and seed priming with the PEG method. The maximum value of the silage yield (45,566.41 kg/ha) was produced by the early planting date (27 July) and higher planting density (9 plants/m2). Thus, to increase seedling emergence speed and to obtain maximum silage yield, early planting date (27 July), higher planting density (9 plants/m2) and seed priming by the distilled water method are recommended.

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Impacts of bracteole removal and seeding rate on seedling emergence of halophyte shrubs: implications for rangeland rehabilitation in arid environments

The Rangeland Journal ◽

10.1071/rj18064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Mounir Louhaichi ◽

Sawsan Hassan ◽

Ali Mekki Missaoui ◽

Serkan Ates ◽

Steven L. Petersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Arid Environments ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Seed Processing ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

Positive Effect

Direct seeding techniques often result in unsatisfactory outcomes in rangeland rehabilitation, primarily because of low seedling emergence and poor establishment. Seed processing techniques aimed at improving seedling emergence have gained interest by pasture managers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of bracteole removal and seeding rate on seedling emergence in seven halophytic species: Atriplex halimus, A. canescens, A. leucoclada, A. nummularia, A. lentiformis, Salsola vermiculata and Haloxylon aphyllum under semi-arid conditions in Tel Hadya (Syria). Each of these species was evaluated for seedling emergence under two seed treatments (bracteoles removed and non-removed bracteoles) with three seeding rates (10, 30 and 60 seeds per pot), in a completely randomised block design. The results showed a positive effect of seed treatment on seedling emergence for all studied species. The native A. halimus had the highest emergence percentages whereas the introduced A. mummularia, had the lowest. However, there were no significant effects of seeding rates on seedling emergence. These results showed that bracteole removal could improve germination and seedling emergence, and potentially increase the rate of establishment of the species studied. Therefore, when implementing rangeland rehabilitation projects, bracteole removal needs to be considered. The native S. vermiculata should be recommended for direct seeding in the West Asia and North Africa region given its high seedling emergence, known high palatability, nutritive value, and high auto-regeneration performance.

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Production of Belarussian soyabeans (Glycine max) in the UK: predicting time to emergence

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859699006395 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 132 (4) ◽

pp. 381-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. O'DELL ◽

D. H. SCARISBRICK ◽

D. A. BAKER

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Reliable Method ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Planting Date ◽

Reliable System ◽

Heat Unit ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

The Uk

A field experiment was carried out on soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to measure the effect of planting date (soil temperature) on seedling emergence. Seeds were sown at weekly intervals on seven planting dates from April until the end of May in SE England in 1997. Planting date had no significant effect on final percentage emergence but had a highly significant effect on time to emergence. The coefficients of variation (c.v.) for the number of days to emergence (calendar days) were high (43–45%), and therefore not a reliable method for predicting emergence. Three accumulated heat unit (AHU) methods based on air and soil temperatures were compared with the calendar day method to determine the most reliable system for predicting seedling emergence. Accumulated soil temperatures above a base of 9·0 °C had the lowest c.v.s (8–15%) and were shown to be the most reliable predictor of emergence.

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Tillage and Planting Date Influence Foxtail (Setariaspp.) Emergence in Continuous Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00043724 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 223-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eric Spandl ◽

Beverly R. Durgan ◽

Frank Forcella

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Weed Management ◽

Planting Date ◽

Weed Species ◽

Planting Dates ◽

No Till ◽

Emergence Patterns ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Chisel Plow ◽

Moldboard Plow

Foxtail emergence patterns were evaluated in spring wheat under three tillage regimes, moldboard plow, chisel plow, and no-till, and three wheat planting dates. The first planting date was as soon as feasible in spring, and the second and third planting dates averaged 9 and 17 d later. Foxtail emergence patterns and seedbank density were evaluated each year for three consecutive years. Green foxtail was the dominant weed species. Tillage regime did not influence initial percent emergence of foxtail. Subsequent percent foxtail emergence was sometimes lower in no-till or chisel plow than in moldboard plow regimes until emergence approached 100%. By the third year, total foxtail plant emergence was greater in no-till and chisel plow than in moldboard plow and also greater in no-till than chisel plow. Earlier planting generally increased percent foxtail emergence until midseason. At 22 d after planting, average emergence of foxtail was 48, 67, and 81% for planting dates one, two, and three, respectively. Delayed planting increased rate of foxtail emergence but decreased density of emerged seedlings. Producers adopting chisel plow or no-till systems can expect to see greater foxtail infestations than in moldboard plow systems. Subsequently, more extensive weed management in reduced tillage systems will be needed to prevent heavy foxtail infestations. Delaying wheat planting may be a viable option for foxtail management through reduced plant densities and more simultaneous emergence patterns.

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Grain yield and associated physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under different planting dates and drought stress at the 3 flowering stage

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2020.1648 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aliakbar Shafighi ◽

Mohammad Reza Ardakani ◽

Amir Hossein Shirani Rad ◽

Mojtaba Alavifazel ◽

Farnaz Rafiei

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Block Design ◽

Planting Date ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Late Season ◽

Semi Arid

The adverse effects of abiotic stresses have always restricted oilseed crop production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. On the other side, global climate change has led us to adapt planting dates and select tolerant cultivars to encounter the new climatic conditions. To evaluate the effect of late-season drought stress under different planting dates on rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot based on randomized complete block design in Karaj region- Iran, during 2015-2017. Planting date and irrigation treatments were considered in the main plots as factorial and cultivars were placed in subplots. Two planting dates were regular date (October 7) (PD1) and late planting date (November 6) (PD2). Irrigation was also carried out at two levels of normal irrigation (NI) and irrigation interruption from flowering stage onwards (II). Experimental cultivars included ES Hydromel, ES Alonso, ES Darko, ES Lauren, and Ahmadi. According to the results, late-season drought stress and delayed planting date reduced leaf relative water content (LRWC), total chlorophyll content (TCC), proline (LPC), and grain yield (GY), and increased stomatal resistance (SR), canopy temperature (CT), and leaf soluble carbohydrates (CLS) in rapeseed cultivars. The highest grain yield (4505.6 kg ha-1) was obtained in NI conditions and PD1. Significant interactions of planting date, irrigation, and cultivar on LRWC, SR, and CLS traits indicated that the ES Hydromel was the most tolerant hybrid cultivar with the highest LRWC and the lowest SR and CLS levels compared to other ones in unfavorable conditions of late-season drought stress and delayed planting. To confirm these results, cluster analysis led to the formation of two clusters, where ES Darko, Ahmadi, and ES Lauren cultivars were placed in the sensitive cluster and ES Hydromel and ES Alonso cultivars were assigned to the tolerant cluster. Therefore, ES Hydromel can be introduced as a superior cultivar to be selected as a genotype that presents acceptable resistance under drought stress and late sowing in arid and semi-arid regions.

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Growth and Yield of Snap Beans as Affected by Wind Protection and Microclimate Changes due to Shelterbelts and Planting Dates

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.5.996 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 996-1004 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Laurie Hodges ◽

Mohd Nazip Suratman ◽

James R. Brandle ◽

Kenneth G. Hubbard

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Research Area ◽

Planting Date ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Area Index ◽

Snap Bean

The effects of wind protection on growth and total and marketable yields of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) planted at 2-week intervals through the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons were examined. Research was conducted under nonirrigated conditions at the Shelterbelt Research Area, Univ. of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center (ARDC) near Mead. `Strike' (white-seeded) and `Rushmore' (dark-seeded) were planted in locations sheltered from wind stress by tree windbreaks (shelterbelts) and in locations exposed to normal winds using a randomized complete-block design with a split-split plot arrangement of treatments. Air temperature, soil temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction were monitored. Detailed microclimate conditions at bean canopy level in sheltered and exposed plots are provided in the text. Wind speed in sheltered areas averaged 36% of open field wind speed in 1994 and 43% of open wind speed in 1995. Soil temperatures were higher in sheltered areas than in exposed areas. Microclimate changes due to shelter had no effect on the percent seedling emergence or number of days to emergence. Plants in shelter had significantly higher total dry weight and leaf area index and greater total internode length than exposed plants. Both total and marketable yields were increased significantly by production under sheltered conditions each year. Planting date and cultivar also had a significant impact on average pod yields. No interactions between shelter and planting date, or shelter and cultivar, were found in either year. The results suggest that wind protection provided by shelterbelts (tree windbreaks) can increase pod yields of snap bean both early and late in the season. This may result in greater profit for the grower due to a tendency for higher prices at these times.

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Effect of Planting Date and Density on Yield and Yield Components of Bean Genotypes (Vicia faba L.)

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/ijar.10.18805/d-207 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Seyed Kazem ◽

Musavi Fakhr ◽

Farbod Fotouhi ◽

Behnam , , Seyed Ali Fazel Zadeh Habibi Khaniani ◽

Mehdi Sadeghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vicia Faba ◽

Yield Components ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Planting Date ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Vicia Faba L ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Main Plot

In order to investigate the effects of planting date and plant density on the yield and yield components of bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars, the experiment was conducted at Safi Abad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment was performed as the split factorial in the randomized complete block design with three planting dates (Oct. 12, Nov. 1, Nov. 21) as the main plot and three density levels (10, 15 and 20 plants/m2) and two genotypes (Saraziri and line 62) as the subplots with three replications. The considered traits were the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. The results of this study showed that the planting date, density and genotype, as well as their interactions had a significant effect at 1% and 5% probability level on the yield and yield components of bean.

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PENGARUH WAKTU TANAM SORGUM PADA SISTEM TUMPANGSARI TEMBAKAU TERHADAP SIFAT AGRONOMIS DAN KIMIAWI TEMBAKAU

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.67-72 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

ABDUL RACHMAN

Keyword(s):

Nicotiana Tabacum ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Planting Date ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Plot Size ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Total P

Percobaan lapang telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Pekuwon, Bojonegoro, 1992, untuk mcmpelajai sifat-sifat agronomis dan kimiawi tembakau pada berbagai waktu tanam sorgum pada sistem tumpangsai tembakau + sorgum. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dai 5 taraf waktu tanam sorgum yaitu 4 dan 2 minggu sebelum tanam tembakau, bersamaan dengan waktu tanam tembakau, 2 dan 4 minggu setelah tanam tembakau. Ukuran petak 10.8 m x 12.0 m. dengan 240 tanaman tembakau per petak dan 720 tanaman sorgum per petak. Analisis N, P, K, nikotin, dan gula beturut- turut dengan Kyeldhal, Spektrofotometi, Flamefotometi, Titrasi dengan NaOH dan Luff-Schroll. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dengan mempcrcepat waktu tanam sorgum dari 4 minggu setelah tanam tembakau menjadi 4 minggu sebelum tanam tembakau sangat menurunkan pertumbuhan, hasil dan mutu. Scbaliknya perlakuan tersebut meningkat¬ kan kadar N-total, P, dan K, dan hasil sorgum tumpangsai, serta tidak berpengaruh pada kadar nikotin, gula, nisbah/nikotin, dan N/nikotin tembakau. Pada keadaan kering yang dialami oleh percobaan ini walaupun hasil tembakau rendah namun mutu hasil masih dalam kisaran yang baik dan persaingan dikuasai oleh tanaman sorgum.Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum, sorgum bicolor, tumpangsai, waktu tanam ABSTRACTAgronomics and chemicals properties of tobacco under different planting dates ofsorghum in tobacco -Horghum intercropping systemThe ield expeiment was conducted at Pekuwon Expeimental Station, Bojonegoro, in 1992, to study the agronomic and chemical propeties of tobacco grown under diferent planting dates of sorghum in tobacco+sorghum intercropping system. The expeiment was arranged in randomized block design, with 6 replications. The treatment consisted of 5 levels of sorghum planting, 2 and 4 weeks ater tobacco planting. Plot size was 10.8 m x 12.0 m, with 240 and 720 plants of tobacco and sorghum respectively. The methods for analyses N, P, K, nicotine and sugar analyses were Kyeldhal, Spectrophotometry, Flame photometry, Titration with NaOH, and Luf-Schroll, respectively. The growth, yield, and quality of tobacco were decreased sharply, but the N, P, K contents of the leaves were increased by accelerating planting date of sorghum from 4 weeks ater to 4 weeks before tobacco planting. The content of nicotine, sugar, sugar/nicotine. N/nicotine of the leaves were not afected by this treatment. In dry condition, although the yield of tobacco was low, but the quality was in good category, and the competition in tobacco ♦ sorghum intercropping system was dominated by sorghum.Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, sorghum bicolor, intercropping, planting date

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Effects of Planting Date and Growth Hormone on Growth and Yield of Cauliflower

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v9i2.32185 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 143-150

Author(s):

MA Rahman ◽

M Imran ◽

M Ikrum ◽

MH Rahman ◽

MG Rabbani

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Planting Date ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Four Levels

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from October 2014 to March 2015 to study the effects of planting date and growth hormone on the growth and yield of cauliflower. The experiment consisted of two factors; Factor A: Three planting dates, such as P1: Planting on 1 November; P2: Planting on 15 November and P3: Planting on 1 December; Factor B: Four levels of Growth hormone, such as H0: No Hormone (control); H1: 10 ppm IAA (Indole-3 Acetic Acid); H2: 70 ppm GA3 (Gibberellic Acid) and H3: 10 ppm IAA + 70 ppm GA3. The experiment was laid out following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In case of planting date, the highest plant height (63.26 cm), number of leaves per plant (24.13), leaf length (59.26 cm), leaf breadth (19.31 cm) at harvest, curd diameter (22.25 cm), marketable yield per hectare (28.11 t ha-1) were recorded from P2 and the lowest of those parameters were recorded from P3. In case of growth hormone the highest plant height (63.10 cm), number of leaves per plant (23.66), leaf length (59.05 cm), leaf breadth (18.98 cm) at harvest, curd diameter (22.39 cm), marketable yield per hectare (29.88 t ha-1) were recorded from H3 and the lowest of those perameters were recorded from H0. Combination of planting date and growth hormone the highest plant height (65.96 cm), number of leaves per plant (26.42), leaf length (63.64 cm), leaf breadth (20.92 cm) at harvest, curd diameter (25.75 cm), marketable yield per hectare (31.03 t ha-1) were recorded from planting on 15 November and 10 ppm IAA with 70 ppm GA3 (P2H3) and the lowest parameters (21.75 t ha-1) were recorded from planting on 1 December and no hormone (P3H0). It is apparent from the above results that the combination of planting on 15 November and 10 ppm IAA with 70 ppm GA3 (P2H3) was more productive from the other combinations.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 143-150 2016

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Effect of Planting Date and Nitrogen Application Level on Production Yield and Oil Content in Dill Plant

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-492 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Saddam A. Al-Dalain

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Planting Date ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Planting Dates

A complete randomized block design with three replications was conducted at two consecutive growing seasons (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) to evaluate the influence of planting date and nitrogen application level on growth parameters and oil yield production of dill plant. Experimental factors included three planting dates (15th of October, 15th of November and 15th of December) and five levels of nitrogen fertilizer (i.e urea) application (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/hectare). Both studied factors significantly influenced growth parameters (plant height, number of branches per plant, number of umbrellas per plant, 1000 seed weight, above ground biomass yield, seed yield and harvest index) and oil yield and oil percentage The results indicated that early planting date (1st of October) has a positive influence on all studied parameters in this study. Furthermore, this study showed that addition of nitrogen fertilizers significantly improved all studied parameters. Comparing the influence of the two studied factors, it seems that planting date when compared to nitrogen fertilizer application has more pronounced influence on all studied production parameters of dill plant.

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