scholarly journals Fruit Yield, Polyphenols, and Carotenoids in Long Shelf-Life Tomatoes in Response to Drought Stress and Rewatering

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1943
Author(s):  
Cristina Patanè ◽  
Sarah Siah ◽  
Alessandra Pellegrino ◽  
Salvatore L. Cosentino ◽  
Laura Siracusa
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Β Carotene

The Mediterranean long shelf-life tomato (or long storage tomato) is a plant traditionally cultivated under no irrigation in the Southern regions of Italy, whose fruits have typical high sensory and nutritional quality. However, yield levels are kept low under current cultivation conditions. In this study, the effects of repeated cycles of drying and rehydration on crop productivity and nutritional quality of fruits in terms of polyphenols and carotenoids content were assessed in long shelf-life tomatoes cultivated in a typical semi-arid area of Southern Italy. The three local Sicilian landraces ‘Custonaci’, ‘Salina’ and ‘Vulcano’, and the commercial tomato hybrid ‘Faino’ (control) were submitted to three irrigation treatments: DRY (no irrigation); IRR (long-season full irrigation); REW (drought/rewatering cycles). Total 450, 4710, and 1849 m3 ha−1, were distributed in DRY, IRR, and REW, respectively. At harvest, fruit yield, polyphenols (as total, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamoyl quinic acids-HCQA), and carotenoids contents (lycopene and β-carotene) were measured. All cultivars benefitted from very limited irrigation in REW, raising their productivity (up to +147% in ‘Vulcano’) with respect to that of plants overstressed in DRY. Irrigation water use efficiency in REW was higher than that in IRR. Water shortage in REW led to a polyphenols content of fruits that was slightly lower (171.1 μg g−1) than that in DRY, but higher than that in IRR (116.8 μg g−1). All local landraces had greater contents (>160 μg g−1) than control (113.0 μg g−1). Under REW and DRY, the two landraces ‘Salina’ and ‘Vulcano’ produced fruits with the same polyphenols and flavonoids contents. Overall, the two water stressed treatments (DRY and REW) did not differ for HCQA content (>66 μg g−1), which was significantly higher than that in the irrigated plots (<50.55 μg g−1). Lycopene content in DRY and REW exceeded 100 μg g−1; among local types, ‘Vulcano’ exhibited the highest content (106.7 μg g−1). The β-carotene content did not change in ‘Custonaci’ and ‘Salina’, whereas in ‘Vulcano’ it was greater in DRY and REW. Only in ‘Faino’ water limitation in REW exerted a clear promoting effect of on β-carotene content of fruits. The results of the present study reveal how rewatering after long-lasting drought periods is beneficial to long shelf-life tomatoes in terms of productivity. Appropriate drought cycles in REW may also help the fruits to retain high nutritional levels.

scholarly journals A Rapid and Accurate Method for Estimating Tomato Lycopene Content by Measuring Chromaticity Values of Fruit Purée

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Hyman ◽  
Jessica Gaus ◽  
Majid R. Foolad
Keyword(s):  
Total Variation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Require Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Lycopene is the red pigment and a major carotenoid in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit. It is a potent natural antioxidant, and the focus of many tomato genetics and breeding programs. Crop improvement for increased fruit lycopene content requires a rapid and accurate method of lycopene quantification. Among the various available techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be accurate, however, it is laborious and requires skilled labor and the use of highly toxic solvents. Similarly, spectrophotometric methods, although easier than HPLC, also require time-consuming extractions and may not be as accurate as HPLC, as they often overestimate fruit lycopene content. Colorimetric estimation of fruit lycopene using chromaticity values has been proposed as an alternative rapid method. Previous studies that examined the utility of this technique, however, were confined to the evaluation of only one or few cultivars and, therefore, lacked broad applicability. The purpose of the present study was to examine the utility of chromaticity values for estimating lycopene and β-carotene contents in tomato across diverse genetic backgrounds. Measurements of the chromaticity values (L*, a*, b*, C*, h*) were taken on whole fruit and purée of 24 tomato genotypes and were compared with HPLC measurements of fruit lycopene and β-carotene. Examination of different regression models indicated that a model based on the transformed value a*4 from purée measurements explained up to 94.5% of the total variation in fruit lycopene content as measured by HPLC. When this model was applied to a second set of fruit harvested at a later date from the same 24 genotypes, it explained more than 90% of the total variation in lycopene, suggesting its reliability. The best estimation for β-carotene content was obtained by using the b* chromaticity value from whole fruit measurements or the transformed a*2 value from purée measurements. Neither model, however, could explain more than 55% of the variation in β-carotene content, suggesting that chromaticity values may not be appropriate for estimating tomato β-carotene content. The overall results indicated that fruit lycopene content could be measured simply and rather accurately across a wide range of tomato genotypes using chromaticity values taken on fruit purée.

scholarly journals Heterosis for post harvest and nutritional quality traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1987-1991
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
H. R. Sharma ◽  
Manish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Pericarp Thickness

A study was conducted in tomato using an 6 x 6 diallel crossing design excluding reciprocals to quantify the magnitude of heterosis and to identify the best heterotic combinations for post harvest and nutritional quality attributes viz. pericarp thickness (mm), fruit firmness (g/0.503 cm2), shelf life (days), total soluble solids (oBrix), lycopene content (mg/100g) and ascorbic acid (mg/100g) which are considered essential in present day hybrid varieties of tomato from consumer point of view. All the 22 entries (6 parents, 15 F1 hybrids and 1 standard check) were field evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications during Kharif 2015-16. Highly significant heterosis (5% level of significance) of positive nature was found for pericarp thickness (22.90%, 32.20% and 5.62%), fruit firmness (17.32%, 56.72% and 9.21%), shelf life (17.54%, 24.87% and 9.57%), total soluble solids (24.44%, 51.44% and 34.20%), lycopene content (28.75%, 35.05% and 25.63%) and ascorbic acid (19.07%,30.00% and 17.85%) over the better, mid and standard check, respectively. Three promising crosses viz., Solan Lalima x EC-1055, Solan Lalima x EC-1057 and Solan Lalima x EC-1058 were identified as high yielding F1 combinations having superiority to post harvest and nutritional quality traits in tomato and can be promoted for release and commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals Characterization of spray-dried Gac aril extract and estimated shelf life of β-carotene and lycopene

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11134
Author(s):  
Benjawan Thumthanaruk ◽  
Natta Laohakunjit ◽  
Grady W. Chism
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Momordica Cochinchinensis ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Spray Dried

Background Fresh Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis) fruit is rich in carotenoids, mainly β-carotene and lycopene, but these compounds are sensitive to degradation. Spray drying is used to encapsulate the sensitive β-carotene and lycopene with different materials. Only a few reports of using highly branched cyclodextrin (HBCD) have been published. Additionally, studies of β-carotene and lycopene losses in Gac powders during storage are limited. Therefore, the encapsulation of β-carotene and lycopene of Gac aril with HBCD by spray drying at different inlet temperatures were compared. The shelf life of β-carotene and lycopene during storage was also calculated. Methods The fresh Gac aril was separated and kept frozen before the experiment. Gac aril and water (1:5 w/v) were centrifuged at 8,000 g at 20 °C for 15 min using a high-speed centrifuge (Sorval; Dupont, Wilmington, DE, USA). The supernatant was filtered twice and concentrated until 15° Brix using a rotary evaporator (R-200; Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland). The mixture of concentrated aril extract and highly branched cyclodextrin at 5% (w/v) was dried at three inlet temperatures by a spray dryer (B-290; Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland) with drying air flow rate, compressor air pressure, and feed rate set at 473 L/h, 40 m3/h, and 3 mL/min, respectively . The physicochemical qualities, particle image morphology, and estimated storage time of β-carotene and lycopene were determined. Results Increased inlet temperatures of spray drying decreased the bulk density, β-carotene, and lycopene content of spray-dried powders significantly. The color values of dried powders had significant differences in yellowness (b*) and chroma, but not lightness (L*), redness (a*), and hue when the inlet temperature increased from 160 °C to 180 °C. The maximum reduction of β-carotene and lycopene observed during storage at 55 °C was 90.88% and 91.11% for 33 and 18 days. For β-carotene, the estimated shelf-life (retention of 50% of β-carotene) was 9.9, 48.4, and 91.6 days at 25 °C, 10 °C, and 4 °C. The shelf-life of lycopene was 26, 176, and 357 days at 25 °C, 10 °C, and 4 °C, respectively. HBCD could be potentially used as an encapsulating agent in spray-dried Gac aril, but the shelf-life of β-carotene and lycopene needs to be improved to be useful as a food ingredient.

scholarly journals Effects of Genotype, Storage Temperature and Time on Quality and Compositional Traits of Cherry Tomato

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Distefano ◽  
Elena Arena ◽  
Rosario Paolo Mauro ◽  
Selina Brighina ◽  
Cherubino Leonardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Storage Temperatures ◽  
Β Carotene

The experiment addressed the effects of two storage temperatures, namely 10 (T10) and 20 °C (T20), on main quality and functional traits of three cherry tomato cultivars (‘Eletta’, ‘Sugarland’ and ‘Ottymo’), after 0 (S0), 7 (S7) and 14 (S14) days of storage. At T10 both fruit weight and firmness were better retained during storage. At S14, T10 promoted fruit Chroma and overall fruit color deviation (ΔE*ab). Total polyphenols content (TPC) of fruits peaked at S7 (4660 mg GAE kg−1 DW) then declined at S14 (by 16%), with the highest values recorded at T10. Lycopene showed a similar trend, but with a higher average concentration recorded at T20 (488 mg kg−1 DW). β-carotene content peaked at S14, irrespective of the storage temperature. At S14, the concentrations of phytoene and phytofluene were higher at T20 (48.3 and 40.9 mg kg−1 DW, respectively), but the opposite was found at S7. ‘Sugarland’ and ‘Ottymo’ showed the highest ΔE*ab along storage, with the former cultivar proving the highest TPC and lycopene content, whereas ‘Eletta’ did so for phytoene and phytofluene. Our results suggest that unravelling the possible functional interactions among these three carotenoids would allow for a better orientation of breeding programs, targeting the phytochemical evolution of tomatoes during refrigerated storage.

scholarly journals Heterosis and Combining Ability for Fruit Yield, Sweetness, β-Carotene, Ascorbic Acid, Firmness and Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) Involving Genetic Male Sterile Lines

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Simranpreet Kaur ◽  
Sat Pal Sharma ◽  
Navraj Kaur Sarao ◽  
Jaideep Kaur Deol ◽  
Rupeet Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Β Carotene

Ten genetically diverse inbred lines, including two genic male sterile lines, of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were crossed in a half-diallel to generate 45 F1 hybrids. These hybrids, along with the parental lines and commercial check, were evaluated for their fruit yield, level of phytochemicals and Fusarium wilt resistance. Both additive and non-additive genetic variances were important in governing the expression of all of the traits; however, the additive gene action for the fruit weight (g), flesh thickness (cm), rind thickness (mm), firmness (lb inch−2), β-carotene content (mg/100 g), non-additive variance for fruit yield (t ha−1), fruit number, total soluble solids (TSS, °Brix), ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) and reaction to Fusarium wilt were comparatively more important. The parental line MM-625 was the best general combiner for fruit yield, rind thickness and β-carotene content (mg/100 g). The exotic line Riogold was the best combiner for flesh thickness and firmness. The netted inbred line MM-610 was the best general combiner for fruit weight, ascorbic acid and reaction to Fusarium wilt. The inbred lines KP4HM-15 and MM-916 were the best general combiners for the number of fruits per vine and TSS. The best cross-combinations for fruit yield ha−1 and TSS were MS-1×M-610 and Kajri×MM-904, respectively. The hybrids KP4HM-15×MM Sel-103 and KP4HM-15×MM-1831 recorded the highest standard heterosis for fruit yield and TSS. The landrace-derived inbred lines Kajri, MM Sel-103 and KP4HM-15 produced moderate-to-highly FW-resistant hybrids. Out of the 121 SSR markers applied, 70 exhibited parental polymorphism. The markers DM0561, CMAAAGN14, TJ147, CMMS35_3, CMAGN45 and DE1337 identified specific/unique alleles in certain parental genotypes. Thus, the findings of this study revealed that the novel inbred lines can effectively be combined to generate heterotic F1 hybrids for yield and other traits, such as rind and flesh thickness, TSS, β-carotene content and firmness. Furthermore, SSR markers can potentially be utilized to confirm the genetic diversity among the parental lines, and for the DNA fingerprinting of F1 hybrids.

scholarly journals Impact of Three Different Dehydration Methods on Nutritional Values and Sensory Quality of Dried Broccoli, Oranges, and Carrots

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
Xanyar Mohammadi ◽  
Yuhao Deng ◽  
Golshan Matinfar ◽  
Anika Singh ◽  
Ronit Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Β Carotene

Radiant Energy Vacuum (REV)-dried broccoli, oranges, and carrots prepared by the optimal drying protocols determined in this study were compared to the freeze-dried and air-dried samples based on the nutritional values before and after drying. An accelerated shelf-life study for REV-dried broccoli, oranges, and carrots was also conducted. For all the samples, REV drying significantly shortened the processing time. The REV-dried samples had much higher retention of the nutritional values (vitamin C, β-carotene) compared to the conventional air-drying process, and the values were also competitive to those of the freeze-dried samples. Although freeze-drying resulted in the best rehydration property, the REV-dried samples still earned the highest scores in the sensory test. In the accelerated shelf-life study conducted on the REV-dried samples, the moisture content and water activity stayed at the same level, but the nutritional values showed a downward trend. The sensory properties fluctuated in the shelf-life but still gained positive feedback from the panelists. Moreover, the testing method for β-carotene content was uniquely designed in this project and could be a semi-quantitative method to refer to.

scholarly journals L-ascorbic acid, β-carotene and lycopene content in papaya fruits (Carica papaya) with or without physiological skin freckles

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Marelli de Souza ◽  
Karla Silva Ferreira ◽  
José Benício Paes Chaves ◽  
Sílvio Lopes Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Papaya Pulp ◽  
Β Carotene

The Skin Freckles is a papaya skin disorder that depreciates de fruit appearance and hampers its commercialization, although not lowering its nutritive value. Being the papaya a good source of ascorbic acid, β-carotene and licopene this research aimed at determining L-ascorbic acid, β-carotene and licopene content in papaya fruits, from 'Formosa' and 'Solo' group varieties, with and without apparent physiological skin disease (skin freckles). Fruits were harvested in the Southeast Region of Brazil. L-ascorbic acid content was determined by titration technique. β-carotene and licopene contents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC). L-ascorbic acid content in papaya fruits ranged from (59.9 ± 3.4) mg 100 g-1 to (112.4 ± 12.6) mg 100 g-1 in fresh papaya pulp. β-carotene content ranged from (0.19 ± 0.07) mg 100 g-1 to (0.56 ± 0.09) mg 100 g-1 and that of licopene ranged from (1.44 ± 0.28) mg 100 g-1 to (3.39 ± 0.32) mg 100 g-1 in fresh papaya pulp. L-ascorbic acid contents of papaya fruits with skin disease averaged 7.0 mg 100 g-1 to 10.0 mg 100 g-1 higher than those of papaya fruits without skin freckles (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Shelf-Life Evaluation of “San Marzano” Dried Tomato Slices Preserved in Extra Virgin Olive Oil

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1706
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Sicari ◽  
Mariarosaria Leporini ◽  
Rosa Romeo ◽  
Marco Poiana ◽  
Rosa Tundis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Life Evaluation ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Β Carotene

Since ancient times, vegetables have been preserved in oil, to be consumed throughout the year, and not just during the period in which they were harvested. Dried tomato slices in Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) are one of the most famous Italian preserves. This is the first study which aimed to investigate the shelf-life parameters of this preserve during the 12 months of storage in both light and dark conditions. For this purpose, quality and CIELab color parameters were analysed in EVOO alone and as preserving liquid; total phenols and carotenoids content as well as β-carotene and lycopene content, a fatty acids profile, and antioxidant activities were examined. Results showed that samples stored in the dark are protected against degradative processes. Moreover, after 6 months of storage, the EVOO used as preserving liquid is enriched by the phytochemicals contained in dried tomato slices. This enrichment of EVOO by tomato bioactive compounds is reflected in the increase in the antioxidant activity of the oil independently by the presence of light during storage.

STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT OF PASTA PRODUCT WITH INCORPORATION OF OCIMUM SANCTUM (BASIL) TO ENHANCE THE SENSORY AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
PIYUSH MISHRA ◽  
DEVENDRA KUMAR BHATT
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Leaf Powder

Pasta was prepared by incorporation of Ocimum sanctum (Basil) for better textural and sensory properties. The pasta was incorporated with the leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum at different concentrations of control, 5, 10, and 15.The natural antioxidants present in the O. sanctum leaf powder that was incorporated in the fruit leather showed extended shelf-life over three months when compared with control, without any added preservative at ambient temperature. Also the nutritional stability of the product was studied under two flexible packages of polypropylene and polyester out of that the products packed in polypropylene showed better storage stability .

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