scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Antibiotic-, Probiotic- and Phytobiotic-Supplemented Diets on the Performance, Intestinal Health, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Clostridium perfringens-Infected Broilers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed O.S. Hussein ◽  
Shamseldein H. Ahmed ◽  
Alaeldein M. Abudabos ◽  
Gamaleldin M. Suliman ◽  
Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Gut Health

The poultry industry needs efficient antibiotic alternatives to prevent necrotic enteritis (NE) infections. Here, we evaluate the effects of probiotic and/or prebiotic dietary supplementation on performance, meat quality and carcass traits, using only an NE coinfection model, in broiler chickens. Three hundred and twenty-four healthy Ross 308 broiler chicks are allocated into six groups. Taking a 35 d feeding trial, the chicks are fed a basal diet with 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.12, 0.5 + 0.12, and 0.2 g Kg−1 for the control (T1), Avilamycin (Maxus; T2), live probiotic (CloStat (Bacillus subtilis);T3), natural phytobiotic compounds (Sangrovit Extra (sanguinarine and protopine); T4), CloStat + Sangrovit Extra (T5), and spore probiotic strain (Gallipro Tect (Bacillus subtilis spores); T6) treatments, respectively. Occurring at 15 days-old, chicks are inoculated with Clostridium perfringens. The obtained results reveal that all feed additives improve the performance, feed efficiency, and survival rate, and reduces the intestinal lesions score compared with the control group. The T6 followed by T3 groups show a significant (p < 0.05) increase in some carcass traits, such as dressing, spleen, and thymus percentages compared with other treatments. Also, T5 and T6 have significantly recorded the lowest temperature and pHu values and the highest hardness and chewiness texture values compared to the other treated groups. To conclude, probiotics combined with prebiotic supplementation improves the growth, meat quality, carcass characterization and survival rate of NE-infected broiler chickens by modulating gut health conditions and decreasing lesion scores. Moreover, it could be useful as an ameliorated NE disease alternative to antibiotics in C. perfringens coinfected poultry.

Effects of feeding Isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response of broiler chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Gaafar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Lipids Profile

The research was conducted to study the effect of feeding broiler chickens on diets containing isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response. 90-one day old broiler chicks were used according to completely randomized two treatment groups and one control, 30 birds each. Birds fed ad-libitum on basal starter and grower-finisher diets for 35 day. Diets of treatment`s groups contained 0.5 g/Kg and 1 g/Kg of Isomaltooligosaccharides, while the control group fed on the basal diets without Isomaltooligosaccharides supplementation. Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with Isomaltooligosaccharides improved body weight, feed conversion, carcass traits, two lymphoid organs weight and log antibody titer against avian flu vaccine. Most of the highest values were for birds fed low levels of Isomaltooligosaccharides. Feed intake decreases as Isomaltooligosaccharides level increases. Dietary supplementation with Isomaltooligosaccharides did not affect the lipids profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL), however the blood VLDL levels decreased with increased levels of Malondialdehyde and Glutathione reductase. Collectively, Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with 0.5 g/Kg diet of Isomaltooligosaccharides improved growth performance, carcass traits and immune status.

scholarly journals PSV-35 Broiler chicken meat quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 294-294
Author(s):  
Kirill Plemyashov ◽  
Alexander Aristov ◽  
Sergey Semenov ◽  
Natal’ya Kudinova ◽  
Polina Anipchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Product Quality Improvement

Abstract Over recent years, the range of biologically active substances aimed at the productivity increase, animals preservation, feed use efficiency, product quality improvement and product safety has been significantly expanded. In this regard, the study of the effectiveness of hepatoprotective farm-produced feed additives in the diets of broiler chickens is of particular interest to science and practice. The broiler chickens pectoral muscles of the control group contained 68–0.08% of water, 32–0.06% of dry matter, 20.45–0.08% of protein, and 1.62–0.09% fat. In a comparative analysis of the obtained data, it may be concluded that the use of the feed additive Hepatron 85% as a hepatoprotector improves the detoxification ability of the liver and promotes the regeneration of the liver cells. Betaine as a lipotropic agent contributes to the fat oxidation, enhances appetite, and adds muscle mass. When determining the chemical composition of the muscles of the leg, thigh, body, wings and neck, it was established that the broiler chickens of the experimental group contained 70–0.07% of water, 30–0.05% of dry matter, 19.7±0.08% of protein and 2.11±0.09% of fat. Using the feed with the additive Hepatron 85% causes a 0.5% increase in protein and 0.18% increase in fat compared to the meat of the broiler chickens on general feed. Thus, the inclusion of the feed additive Hepatron 85% in the ration of broiler chickens instead of 50% of methionine and choline contributes to an increase in average daily gains and meat quality improvement in a number of indicators.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ КОРМОВИХ ДОБАВОК НА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ, ГЕМАТОЛОГІЧНІ ТА ІМУНОЛОГІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ КРОВІ КУРЧАТ–БРОЙЛЕРІВ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
H.I. Kotsumbas ◽  
М.І. Hryniv
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Group

The results of the influence of feed additives: acidulent Versal liquid and probiotic bifidobacteria PKB on the growth dynamics and some hematological and immunological parameters of broiler chickens are presented in this article. The research was conducted on 30 broiler chicks. There were formed 3 groups. There were 10 chicks in each of them: a control group didn't get any feed additives; 1–st experimental group got feed and acidulent Versal liquid solution at the recommended dose of 1 ml /1 l of water; 2–nd experimental group got feed with probiotics bifidobacteria PKB at the recommended dose of 1g / 1kg of feed and acidulent Versal liquid solution at the recommended dose of 1 g/1 l of water. The 15th and 30th day blood were collected for hematological and immunological parameters checking.It was found, chicks that have got feed additives achieved more intensive increasing of average live weight and daily gain during this period. The live weight of broiler chicks from the second experimental group was higher at 76.5 grams, compared with the control and the 136.6 h – compared with I research group in case of using acidified and probiotics bifidobacteria. Average daily increasing were 49.93 g in the control group, 48.21 g and 52.36 g according to another experimental groups. There was a tendency of hemoglobin increasing on the 30–th day of experiment in all experimental groups. The hemoglobin concentration increased by 1.09 times in the 1–st group and in 1,20 times in the 2–nd group. The number of leukocytes was increased in the experimental group. It was also increased by 16.6% in the 1–st group and by 44.4% in the 2–nd group. Phagocytic activity of pseudo eosinophils increased in all experimental groups on the 30–th day of the feed additives using. The most important increasing by 7.2% was in the 2–nd group. There was also a tendency of the phagocytic index increasing in all experimental groups of chicks on the 30–th day of this investigation. It was established that the using of acidulent and PKB probiotic preparation of food at feeding broilers improves hemoglobin levels. It also promotes to leukocytosis, phagocytic pseudo eosinophils activity and improves the overall condition and immunological reactivity. 

Phytogenics (Lemon and orange peels) influenced the performance, gut morphology and blood profile of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
A. O. Fafiolu ◽  
J. O. Alabi ◽  
C. G. Godwin ◽  
I. D. Dada ◽  
A. A. Orimogunje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Gut Morphology

This study evaluated the effect of phytogenic feed additives (Lemon peel, LP and Orange peel, OP) added singly or in combination to basal diets on the performance, gut morphology, haematology, serum biochemistry and lipid profile of broiler chickens. Four nutritionally adequate Corn-Soybean based diets were generated by the addition of LPand/or OPto basal diet. A total of 320, 1-d-old Marshall strain broiler chicks were given the basal diet supplemented with no additive (T1), 500g/tonne of LP (T2), OP (T3), or LP+OP (T4) in a study which lasted for 42 days. Growth performance was assessed weekly while gut and blood samples were collected at d 42 for examination. Data generated were analyzed using ANOVA with a P<0.05 level of significance. Results showed that chickens fed diets supplemented with LP and OP had similar (P>0.05) growth performance compared with the control group. Higher (P<0.05) duodenal and jejunal villus height were observed in chickens fed LP and OP, respectively. Phytogenics inclusion caused reduced (P<0.05) laminal propria depth at the ileum segment. Higher (P<0.05) PCV (30.00%), total protein (6.89 g/L) and albumin (3.67 g/L) were observed in chickens on LP+OP. Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and RBC were not affected by the treatments imposed. Serum creatinine, uric acid and liver enzymes (AST and ALT) activity were reduced (P<0.05) with inclusion of LP and OP in broiler diets. Increase (P<0.05) HDL and decrease total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides were observed in broilers fed LP and OP. Dietary inclusion of LP and OP had positive influence on gut morphology, RBC production, plasma protein reserves and lipid profile of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Influence of Two Plant Extracts on Broiler Performance, Oxidative Stability of Meat and Odorous Gas Emissions from Excreta

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ammar Dilawar ◽  
Jamila Fatima Lacambra Saturno ◽  
Hong-Seok Mun ◽  
Dae-Hun Kim ◽  
Myeong-Gil Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Geranium Thunbergii ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractA feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant extracts derived from Mentha arvensis (MA) and Geranium thunbergii (GT) on broiler performance, carcass yield, digestive organ weights, meat quality and odorous gas emissions from the excreta. A total of 210 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments for five weeks: (1) control, (2) 0.1% MA, (3) 0.05% GT, (4) 0.1% GT and 0.1% mixed preparation with varying ratios such as (5) 0.1% 1MA:1GT, (6) 0.1% 1MA:4GT and (7) 0.1% 4MA:1GT. The weight gain (0–3 weeks) was significantly (P<0.01) increased in response to dietary inclusion of plant extracts; however, no significant differences were observed in breast and thigh meat yield (P>0.05). Additionally, no differences were observed in proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, small and large intestine weight. When compared with the control group, birds fed plant extracts had the lowest meat TBARS value after 0 and 3 weeks of storage (P<0.05). Moreover, the pH value was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the plant extract supplemented groups at 0 weeks. The faecal H2S emissions were significantly reduced at 0 h and 6 h in all supplemented groups relative to the control (P<0.05). Similarly, NH3 emissions were reduced at 0 h and 6 h for all supplemented groups except the 0.1% 1MA:1GT group (P<0.05). Overall, the results of the present study indicate that plant extracts supplementation can be used to improve performance and meat quality of broiler chickens while reducing the emission of harmful gases from the excreta.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Supplementation With Bacillus subtilis, as an Alternative to Antibiotics, on Growth Performance, Serum Immunity, and Intestinal Health in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Qiu ◽  
Cheng-liang Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Guang-hai Qi ◽  
Jun Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Junction Protein

Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) as in-feed probiotics is a potential alternative for antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the poultry industry. The current study investigated the effects of B. subtilis on the performance, immunity, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens. A 42-day feeding trial was conducted with a total of 600 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers with similar initial body weight, which was randomly divided into one of five dietary treatments: the basal diet (Ctrl), Ctrl + virginiamycin (AGP), Ctrl + B. subtilis A (BSA), Ctrl + B. subtilis B (BSB), and Ctrl + B. subtilis A + B (1:1, BSAB). The results showed significantly increased average daily gain in a step-wise manner from the control, B. subtilis, and to the AGP groups. The mortality rate of the B. subtilis group was significantly lower than the AGP group. The concentrations of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G (IgG), IgA, and IgM in the B. subtilis and AGP groups were higher than the control group, and the B. subtilis groups had the highest content of serum lysozyme and relative weight of thymus. Dietary B. subtilis increased the relative length of ileum and the relative weight of jejunum compared with the AGP group. The villus height (V), crypt depth (C), V/C, and intestinal wall thickness of the jejunum in the B. subtilis and AGP groups were increased relative to the control group. Dietary B. subtilis increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, the same as AGP. The contents of lactic acid, succinic acid, and butyric acid in the ileum and cecum were increased by dietary B. subtilis. Dietary B. subtilis significantly increased the lactobacillus and bifidobacteria in the ileum and cecum and decreased the coliforms and Clostridium perfringens in the cecum. The improved performance and decreased mortality rate observed in the feeding trial could be accrued to the positive effects of B. subtilis on the immune response capacity, gut health, and gut microflora balance, and the combination of two strains showed additional benefits on the intestinal morphology and tight junction protein expressions. Therefore, it can be concluded that dietary B. subtilis A and B could be used as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics in the promotion of gut health and productivity index in broiler production.

Effects of tannin-containing diets on performance, gut disease control and health in broiler chicks

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1847
Author(s):  
Gessica Perin ◽  
Matheus D. Baldissera ◽  
Matheus Fernandes ◽  
Mauricio Barreta ◽  
Renata A. Casagrande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Positive Effects

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens, and the possibility of antibiotic residues in meat and meat products are seen as a threat to animal and human health. The search for alternatives to conventional drugs, including natural compounds, is an interesting approach to prevent the adverse effects of antibiotics. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the addition of tannin (as a quebracho extract) in the diet of broiler chickens could be used to replace in-feed antimicrobials and coccidiostatic drugs, to exert positive effects on animal health and performance. The use of tannin in the diet of broiler chicks as an additive (at 0.5% for 1–10-day-old birds; and 1.0% for 11–42-day-old broiler chickens) enhanced their bodyweight, weight gain and daily weight gain on Day 42 of life, compared with the untreated control group (P &lt; 0.05). However, these findings were not observed when tannin was added at 0.5%. Moreover, broiler chickens fed with an extract containing tannins showed higher erythrocyte counts, as well as haemoglobin and haematocrit concentrations than did those in the control group, whereas counts of total leukocytes and lymphocytes were lower (P &lt; 0.05). The use of a diet with tannins did not influence meat quality compared with a diet containing zinc bacitracin and salinomycin, which altered some parameters associated with meat colour. Moreover, the diet with tannins reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the number of oocysts of Eimeria sp. (36-day-old broilers) and the total faecal bacterial counts (42-day-old broilers) compared with the control group. Finally, intestinal histopathology showed that the addition of tannins minimised the degree of lesions (Degree 1) compared with the control group (Degree 3). On the basis of these results, we concluded that the use of quebracho extract containing tannins can be a suitable approach to improve the performance of broiler chickens, replacing in-feed antibiotics and coccidiostatic drugs. The use of tannins did not change meat quality; however, it caused positive effects on the immune system, and exerted potent bactericidal and coccidiostatic properties, reinforcing its use as a replacement for conventional drugs.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) Supplementation on Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Profile of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Tang ◽  
Xuguang Liu ◽  
Hu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Thigh Muscle

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with or without Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) on carcass traits, meat quality, amino acids, and fatty acids of broiler chickens. In total, 160 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were divided into two groups with eight replicates of 10 chicks each. Chickens received basal diets without (CN group) or with 500 mg/kg B. subtilis (BS group) for 42 days. Eight chickens from each group were slaughtered at the end of the trial, and carcass traits, meat quality, chemical composition, amino acid, and fatty acid profile of meat were measured. The results showed that the breast muscle (%) was higher in BS than in CN (p &lt; 0.05), while abdominal fat decreased (p &lt; 0.05). The pH24h of thigh muscle was increased (p &lt; 0.05) when supplemented with BS; however, drip loss, cooking loss of breast muscle, and shear force of thigh muscle decreased (p &lt; 0.05). Lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), glutamic acid (Glu), and total essential amino acid (EAA) in breast muscle and Glu in thigh muscle were greater in BS than in CN (p &lt; 0.05). C16:1, C18:1n9c, and MUFA in breast muscle and thigh muscle were greater in BS than in CN (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with B. subtilis could improve the carcass traits and meat quality of broilers, which is beneficial for the consumers due to the improved fatty acid profile and amino acid composition.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Modified GH11 Xylanase on Live Performance, Gut Health, and Clostridium perfringens Excretion of Broilers Fed Corn-Soy Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basheer Nusairat ◽  
Jeng-Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Intestinal Lesion

Xylanase enzymes and other feed additives are being used more commonly in poultry feed to reduce feed cost, improve performance, and maintain gut health. Five corn-soy-based dietary treatments were designed to compare the effect of different inclusion levels of high-efficiency GH11 xylanase on live performance, gut lesions, and Clostridium perfringens excretion in littler samples of broiler chickens. Diets were the standard diet (positive control; PC); a diet of reduced energy by 130 kcal/kg diet (negative control; NC); NC with xylanase at 10 XU/g of feed (NC + 10); NC with xylanase at 12.5 XU/g of feed (NC + 12.5); NC with xylanase at 15 XU/g of feed (NC + 15). Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. At 42 d, birds fed NC + 12.5 and NC + 15 were heavier (P &lt; 0.05) than NC and comparable improvement to birds fed PC. Significant Improvement in FCR (P = 0.0001) was observed from 1 to 42 d for NC + 12.5 and NC + 15 compared with NC. Supplementation of xylanase reduced (P &lt; 0.005) 21 d intestinal lesion score at 21 d with further improvement (P &lt; 0.0001) at 42 d. NC + 15 reduced lesion scores by 24% compared with NC. Xylanase supplementations reduced litter C. perfringens cell forming unit per gram (CFU/g) compared with NC with the highest reduction of NC + 15 treatment by ~27%. In conclusion, xylanase can be included in reduced-energy diets up to 15 XU/g of feed to improve live performance, energy digestibility, and reduce intestinal lesion scores in broilers.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stability, Carcass Traits, and Muscle Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Profiles in Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1725
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany ◽  
Omar A. Ahmed-Farid ◽  
Mohamed Abdo Nassan ◽  
Ayman S. Salah
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective was to elucidate the effects of chronic heat stress on carcass traits, muscle oxidative stability, muscle fatty acids and amino acid profiles in broiler chickens. A total of 100-day-old male Ross broiler chicks were divided into two equal groups of five replicates. The control group (TN) was maintained on a thermoneutral condition, while the experimental group (HS) was subjected to 8 h of heat stress (34 °C). The HS group showed lower dressing percentage and breast yield compared with the TN group (p = 0.040 and 0.042, respectively). Meanwhile, heat stress significantly increased the percentage of abdominal fat in broiler chickens (p = 0.001). The HS group showed significantly lower levels of PUFA (linoleic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic) in the breast (p = 0.003, 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) and thigh (p = 0.001, 0.009 and 0.003, respectively) muscles than did the TN group. The levels of α-lenolinec acid in the breast and thigh muscles did not differ between both experimental groups (p = 0.818 and 0.060, respectively). With exception of threonine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, the levels of essential AA in the breast muscles were significantly (p ˂ 0.05) reduced in the HS group. The HS group showed significantly higher concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the breast muscles (p = 0.032). Meanwhile, the concentration of MDA in the thigh muscles did not differ between both experimental groups (p = 0.149). Furthermore, the HS group showed significantly lower superoxide dismutase and catalase in heart tissues (p = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, chronic thermal stress deteriorates carcass yield and the oxidative stability of breast muscles, as well as the levels of PUFA and essential AA in broiler chickens. However, the oxidative stability of thigh muscles was not affected.

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