scholarly journals Increasing the Dietary Concentration of Lupinus albus L. Decreased Feed Intake and Daily Gain of Immunocastrated Male Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1866
Author(s):  
Karen L. Moore ◽  
Emalyn Loudon ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Lupinus Albus L

An experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate dietary concentration of albus lupins that would lower feed intake and decrease backfat while optimizing the effect on the growth rate of immunocastrated male pigs. The pigs were fed albus lupins (varying from 0 to 200 g/kg) from 2 weeks after the last immunization against GnRF for 14 d prior to slaughter (where d 0 is the day of the last immunization against GnRF). Increasing the dietary albus lupin concentration decreased daily gain for d 15 to 28 (p = 0.004). Daily feed intake also decreased as the concentration of the albus lupins increased for d 15 to 28 (p < 0.001). Carcass weight and backfat decreased as the concentration of dietary albus lupins increased (p = 0.011 and p = 0.024, respectively). The albus lupin concentration to maximize growth rate, minimize feed intake, maximize carcass weight and minimize backfat depth was 120, 142, 62.7 and 138 g/kg, respectively.

Effect of garlic meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of indigenous Venda chickens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Ditle ◽  
J. W. Ng’ambi ◽  
D. Norris ◽  
O. J. Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Carcass Parameters

A study was conducted to determine the growth performance and carcass characteristics of indigenous Venda chickens fed a grower’s diet supplemented with varying levels of garlic meal. The study was based on four diets containing similar energy but different garlic meal supplementation levels of 0, 10, 15 and 25 g/kg DM. At 50 to 91 days, all the growth and carcass parameters measured were improved (P less than 0.05) by garlic meal supplementation. Feed intake, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, live weight, carcass weight, dressing percent, breast meat, thigh, drumstick, gizzard and fat pad weights of Venda chickens were optimized at different garlic meal supplementation levels of 14.7, 15.8, 8.0, 16.4, 14.2, 12.7, 11.2, 12.7, 8.2, 10.5 and 15.1, respectively. These findings have implications on ration formulation for indigenous Venda chickens. Thus, it was concluded that garlic meal supplementation improved feed intake, growth rate, live weight and carcass weight of Venda chickens.

Dietary lupins (Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus albus) can increase digesta retention in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
N. J. Gannon ◽  
R. J. van Barneveld ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Protein Cell ◽  
Daily Gain

Lupins are high in crude protein, cell wall materials, and gross energy but uncertainty about the bioavailability of nutrients and adverse effects on feed intake limit their use in the pig industry. Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of lupins on retention time in the digestive tract by determining the average time it took for ingested polyethylene beads to pass through the digestive tract of pigs fed wheat-based diets containing various lupin species and fractions. In Expt 1, pigs were restrictively fed (1.8 kg/day) diets containing either predominantly wheat or predominantly wheat plus 400 g/kg peas or L. angustifolius seeds or kernels. The retention times of diets containing 400 g/kg of L. angustifolius seeds or kernels were significantly greater than those containing wheat alone (66.4 and 64.3 v. 48.8 h, P < 0.05, s.e.d. = 7.7 h), while that for the diet containing 400 g/kg peas was intermediate (55.8 h). In Expt 2 and 3, pigs were fed 1 of 6 wheat-based diets balanced for digestible energy (DE) and amino acid composition and containing either animal protein or 350 g/kg of peas, and L. angustifolius seeds or kernels, or L. albus seeds and kernels. Pigs were restrictively fed (1.5 kg/day) for Expt 2 or fed ad libitum for Expt 3. The mean retention time of the L. albus diets was greater than the other diets in both experiments. Feed intake and daily gain were reduced in pigs fed diets containing L. albus. Despite having lower feed intakes, pigs fed diets containing L. albus had more digesta in the stomach and small intestine at slaughter than the pigs consuming the diets not containing lupins. Appropriate physical treatment or enzymatic supplementation of L. albus diets may alleviate some of the feed intake problems.

Growth rate and its effect on empty body weight, carcass weight and dissected carcass composition of sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Murray ◽  
Olga Slezacek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Ad Libitum

SummaryThe effect of three different growth rates from 15 to 40 kg live weight on the body composition of lambs was studied. The treatments were: High (H) ad-libitum feed intake, Low (L) restricted feed intake and High–Maintenance–High (HMH) ad-libitum feed intake from 15 to 25 kg followed by a 50-day period during which live weight was maintained constant, which in turn was followed by ad-libitum feeding. The animals were individually penned and fed a pelleted lucerne chaff-cereal grain mixture. Two animals were killed at the start of the experiment (15 kg) and the remaining 27 animals (nine in each treatment) were killed at common live weights of 25, 30, 35 and 40 kg. Analyses of covariance were used to compare linear regression equations representing results from each treatment using the logarithmic transformation of the allometric equation, y = axb.Animals in the H and L treatments had a mean growth rate from 15 kg until slaughter of 0·23 and 0·09 kg/day, respectively. From a live weight of 15 to 25 kg, the HMH group grew at a similar rate as the H group, viz. 0·22 and 0·21 kg/day, respectively. After the 50-day period of maintenance of live weight, the HMH animals killed at 30, 35 and 40 kg showed a marked compensatory growth response to ad-libitum feeding. These HMH animals had a mean growth rate of 0·37 kg/day compared with 0·26 kg/day for H animals over identical live-weight ranges.Empty body weight (EBW) formed a similar proportion of full body weight (FBW) in all three treatments. As a proportion of FBW, hot carcass weight (HCW) was similar in the H and L treatments, while at the 35 and 40 kg slaughter weights HCW was less in the HMH than in the H treatment. HCW also formed a lower proportion of EBW at the 35 and 40 kg slaughter weights in the HMH, than in both the H and L treatments. In the L treatment, HCW formed a greater proportion of EBW than in the H treatment, indicating a greater offal component of EBW in the H animals.The results of carcass dissection studies showed that, at the same dissected side weight (DSW), the amount of muscle, bone, connective tissue and total side fat (TSF) was similar in the three treatments. Although no differences were found between treatments in TSF, there were significant treatment effects on both the subcutaneous and inter-muscular fat depots. Animals in the H treatment had more and less, respectively, subcutaneous and intermuscular fat than the L animals. The amount of intermuscular fat was also greater in the HMH than in the H treatment.

Reduced protein intake during the weaner period has variable effects on subsequent growth and carcass composition of pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Collins ◽  
D. J. Henman ◽  
F. R. Dunshea
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Commercial Diets ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

In total, 960 pigs (480 castrated males and 480 gilts), selected at ~28 days of age, were used to investigate the effect of restricting protein intake for a short period between 4 and 14 weeks of age. Pigs were selected over an 8-week period in groups of 120 pigs (three pens of 20 castrated males and three pens of 20 gilts per week). Pigs were given ad libitum access to commercial diets from weaning to slaughter. Pens of 20 pigs of each sex were allocated to one of six treatments: control (no restriction), restriction from 4 to 7 weeks of age, restriction from 7 to 10 weeks of age, restriction from 10 to 14 weeks of age, restriction from 4 to 10 weeks of age or a restriction from 4 to 14 weeks of age. During the period of restriction, pigs were offered ad libitum commercial diets that had been reduced in dietary lysine to digestible energy ratio by ~15%. Restricting protein intake between 7 and 10, 4 and 10 and 4 and 14 weeks of age reduced daily gain during the period of restriction. Pigs restricted from 7 to 10 weeks of age had reduced average daily feed intake (5.6%) from 7 to 10 weeks, followed by a reduction in average daily feed intake (5.5%) and improved feed efficiency (6.1%) in the subsequent period from 10 to 17 weeks of age. Daily gain for the entire experimental period was similar for all treatment groups, except those restricted from 7 to 10 weeks of age (3.9% lower than the controls), although there was no treatment effect on carcass weight. Interestingly, backfat was reduced by 10% in these animals compared with the controls, which may be economically beneficial in markets where producers are paid on backfat and carcass weight, such as those selling domestically in the Australian market. Economic benefits of reduced feed costs during both the restriction and realimentation periods were also observed when pigs were restricted from 10 to 14 weeks of age. Any economic benefits from short periods of protein restriction will vary depending on the specific market conditions and the local cost of feed protein sources.

Growth performance, carcass traits, behaviour and welfare of New Zealand White rabbits housed in different enriched cages

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham Mohammed ◽  
Mohammed Nasr
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Daily Gain

The present study investigated the effect of gnawing sticks as environmental enhancers on the performance, carcass traits and behaviour of individually housed growing rabbits. Two batches of weaned New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were used, each consisting of 135 animals. Rabbits were homogeneously classified into the following three groups, each consisting of 45 rabbits: rabbits housed individually in cages without enrichment (control), rabbits housed individually in cages enriched with wooden sticks from apple tree and rabbits housed individually in cages enriched with wooden sticks from willow tree. Rabbits reared in enriched cages with apple or willow sticks showed a significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) better performance (live bodyweight at slaughter 2526 and 2591 g, total weight gain 1620 and 1683 g, average daily gain 21.04 and 21.87 g and daily feed intake 78.57 and 74.89 g respectively), and had a higher carcass weight (1648.39 and 1750.26 g respectively, P &lt; 0.0001) than did the control group. Rabbits in apple-stick group had a higher daily feed intake (78.57 g, P &lt; 0.0001) and lower carcass weight (1648.39 g, P &lt; 0.0001) than did those in the willow-stick group. The cortisol concentration was significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) lower in apple and willow groups (9.44 ± 0.02 and 9.35 ± 0.02 nmol/L respectively) than in the control group (17.24 ± 0.03 nmol/L). Moreover, cage enrichment with apple or willow sticks improved the duration of feeding (7.08 and 7.39 min/3 h respectively, P &lt; 0.0001) and drinking (2.54 and 2.67 min/3 h respectively, P &lt; 0.0001) time, and reduced abnormal behaviour (biting the bars of the cage 0.24 and 0.34 min/3 h respectively, P = 0.001) when compared with the control group. Overall, the current results indicated that cage enrichment (with wooden sticks from apple or willow trees for gnawing) increased the final bodyweight and some carcass traits, reduced abnormal behaviour and potentially improved rabbit welfare during intensive rabbit breeding.

The effect of nutrition and exercise in carcass parameters and the level of glycogen in skeletal muscle of Merino sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Pethick ◽  
JB Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Fat Score

This study investigated the effects in sheep of feed intake and exercise training on (i) the level of glycogen in muscle, and (ii) carcass quality traits including growth rate, carcass weight, fat score, and the ultimate pH of muscle. Merino wethers, 12-months-old and starting body weight 38 kg, were individually penned and housed indoors. The effects of nutrition and exercise were tested for 2 levels of activity (sedentary v. exercised) and 4 levels of feed intake (1, 1.3, 1.5, 2.2 x maintenance) with 8 sheep per group housed individually. Exercise training was for 1 h at 8-9 km/h (approx. 55-65 VO2max), 3 times per week from week 4 to 9 of the experiment. The diet was 20% cereal straw, 26% lupin grain, 53% barley grain, mineral and vitamin premix, and virginiamycin. Animals were slaughtered at an abattoir in week 10. Regular exercise reduced growth rate, carcass weight, and fat score, but did not affect intake. At the highest level of intake, carcass weight was reduced by 0.53 kg and fat depth over the 12th rib (GR fat depth) by 6.3 mm, suggesting that muscle yield was increased. At all sampling times, the level of glycogen in the m. semimembranosis (SM) and m. semitendinosis (ST) increased linearly with increasing feed intake. Regular exercise caused increased glycogen level in SM samples immediately post-slaughter and in the SM, ST, and m. longissimus dorsi (LD) 48 h post-slaughter. The ultimate pH of muscle was reduced as the level of feed intake increased for all muscle groups. Exercise caused a reduction in the ultimate pH of the ST with no change for the SM and LD. The results indicate that glycogen levels in muscle are highly responsive to nutrition and regular exercise. In addition, exercise caused a reduction in subcutaneous fat with no change in feed intake.

scholarly journals The Effect of Growth Rate on Some Beef Performance Characteristics of Czech Fleckvieh Heifers

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1100
Author(s):  
Jiří Andrýsek ◽  
Milan Večeřa ◽  
Jana Javorová ◽  
Milena Velecká ◽  
Daniel Falta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group A ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of growth rate on some beef performance characteristics in Czech Fleckvieh heifers. Growth performance characteristics included age at slaughter (months) and daily weight gain (g). The observed beef performance characteristics were carcass weight, conformation class (SEUROP) and external fat deposition. The experimental group consisted of 480 heifers. The animals were assigned into three groups (A, B, C) based on age at slaughter. Group A consisted of 68 animals with the age at slaughter 15–21 months, group B 296 animals, age 22–28 months and group C 116 animals, age 29–35 months. A greater age at slaughter was significantly associated with a greater carcass weight which grew from 250.78 kg in group A to 317.69 kg in group C. The net weight gain decreased with age from 424.06 g in group A to 346.41 g in group C, the conformation improved from 4.46 in group A to 4.17 in group C and the external fat deposition increased from 2.5 in group A to 2.78 in group C. The dataset was again split into three groups differing in the daily weight gain (I, II, III). Group I consisted of 120 heifers with the daily gain up to 599 g, group II 303 animals with the daily gain of 600–799 g and group III only 57 animals with the gain of 800 g and more. A growing weight gain was significantly associated with a greater carcass weight (from 260.40 kg in group I to 338.66 in group III), a greater net weight gain (from 306.29 g in group I to 491.45 g in group III), improved conformation (from 4.75 in group I to 3.70 in group III) and the fat deposition was greater, too (from 2.35 in group I to 2.89 in group III).

Feed intake, liveweight gain and carcass traits of lambs offered pelleted annual pasture hay supplemented with flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) flakes or algae (Schizochytrium sp.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Burnett ◽  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
S. Norng ◽  
E. N. Ponnampalam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Animal House

In southern Australia, pastures comprised of annual ryegrass may not meet the nutritional requirements of fast-growing (>250 g/day) lambs in summer–autumn (December–May). An animal house experiment was conducted from March to July 2010 to investigate the use of flaxseed and algae as two potential supplements to improve feed intake, liveweight gain and carcass traits in lambs. One hundred and twenty lambs (in two groups of 60) were fed one of four diets, pelleted annual pasture hay (subterranean clover and annual ryegrass) (T1); pelleted annual pasture hay + flaxseed flakes (T2); pelleted annual pasture hay + algae supplement (T3); pelleted annual pasture hay + flaxseed flakes + algae supplement (T4). All diets were provided on an ad libitum basis with individual feed intake measured daily and liveweight recorded weekly. Lambs offered the flaxseed flakes (T2) treatment grew faster (P < 0.05), had heavier (P < 0.05) carcass weights and greater (P < 0.05) GR fat depth (total tissue depth at 11th/12th rib, 110 mm away from midline) than lambs offered the T1 diet. Lambs offered algae supplement (T3) had lower dry matter intake but growth rate and carcass weight were not affected compared with lambs offered the T1 diet. Lambs offered both flaxseed flakes and algae supplement (T4) had greater (P < 0.05) GR fat than lambs offered the T1 diet. This experiment provides evidence that supplementing growing lambs with flaxseed flakes can increase dry matter intake, growth rate and GR fat depth. In contrast, supplementing with an algae supplement reduced dry matter intake but growth rate and carcass weight were similar to the control treatment.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS TERNAK BABI FASE STARTER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Alfred Tamawiwy ◽  
M. Najoan ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
F. N Sompie
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

ABSTRACT   EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) IN THE DIET ON PIG PERFORMANCE. Utilization of fats and oils in pig diets is of great importance due to their high energy value. VCO is obtained by cold press processing of the kernel from the coconut fruit. Utilization of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the diets on pig performance.  The present study was designed to elaborate the effect of utilization of VCO in the diets on energy and protein digestibility of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted using 20 castrated male pigs aged 1.5 - 2.0 months weighing 12,0±2,0 kg. The data were analyzed according to the linear model procedure for ANOVA appropriate for Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = 100% control diet + 0% VCO; R1 = 99.5% control diet + 1.0% VCO; R2 = 98.0% control diet + 2.0% VCO; R3 = 97.0% control diet + 3.0% VCO; and R4 = 96.0% control diet + 4.0% VCO. Parameters measured were: daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption. The results showed that the utilization of VCO up to 4% in the diets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption of pigs. It can be concluded that the addition of VCO up to 4.0% in the diets has no significant meaning on pig performance.   Key words: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Performance, Growing pigs  

The Effect of Feeding System on the Carcass Quality of Crossbred Lambs with Texel

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Angela Cividini ◽  
Dušan Terčič ◽  
Mojca Simčič
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Carcass Cuts

The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of feeding system on the growth rate and carcass quality of crossbred Improved Jezersko-Solčava x Texel (JSRT) lambs and to evaluate the effect of sex on these traits. The trial was conducted in nature according to the traditional rearing systems. The trial included 44 crossbred lambs, which were born and reared until the slaughter in three different flocks. In the age of 10 days suckled lambs were offered with ad libitum corresponding diets according to the feeding system. All lambs were slaughtered in seven consecutive days by the same procedure. The effect of feeding system significantly affected daily gain from birth to slaughter, EUROP carcass conformation and shoulder width. Likewise, the effect of sex significantly affected daily gain from birth to slaughter and internal fatness of carcasses. According to carcass cuts the feeding system significantly affected only the proportion of neck and leg. Considering meat quality traits, feeding system had a significant effect on the pH 45 and CIE a* values. In this study, we could speculate that more than the feeding system the growth and the carcass traits as well as meat traits were affected by the amount of the supplement.

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