scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Sodium Butyrate and Salinomycin on Performance and Intestinal Microbiota in a Broiler Gut Leakage Model

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Mohammad Naghizadeh ◽  
Laura Klaver ◽  
Anna A. Schönherz ◽  
Sundas Rani ◽  
Tina Sørensen Dalgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Gut Leakage ◽  
Ph Decrease ◽  
Grower Diet

Unfavorable alterations of the commensal gut microbiota and dysbacteriosis is a major health problem in the poultry industry. Understanding how dietary intervention alters the microbial ecology of broiler chickens is important for prevention strategies. A trial was conducted with 672 Ross 308 day-old male broilers fed a basic diet (no additives, control) or the basic diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg encapsulated butyrate or 68 mg/kg salinomycin. Enteric challenge was induced by inclusion of 50 g/kg rye in a grower diet and oral gavage of a 10 times overdose of a vaccine against coccidiosis. Compared to control and butyrate-supplemented birds, salinomycin supplementation alleviated growth depression. Compared to butyrate and non-supplemented control, salinomycin increased potentially beneficial Ruminococcaceae and reduced potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and counts of Lactobacillus salivarius and Clostridium perfringens. Further, salinomycin supplementation was accompanied by a pH decrease and succinic acid increase in ceca, while coated butyrate (0.5 g/kg) showed no or limited effects. Salinomycin alleviated growth depression and maintained intestinal homeostasis in the challenged broilers, while butyrate in the tested concentration showed limited effects. Thus, further investigations are required to identify optimal dietary inclusion rates for butyrate used as alternative to ionophore coccidiostats in broiler production.

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in smear negative sputum by PCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jobayer ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Kazi Zulfiquer Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Negative Sputum

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a major health problem in Bangladesh that is responsible for about 7% of total death in a year. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum and to evaluate the efficacy of PCR as a modern diagnostic tool, for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in the smear negative cases. One hundred and fifty suspected pulmonary TB patients (male/ female: 97/53) were included in this study. Single morning sputum was collected from each patient and diagnostic potential of PCR was compared with staining and culture. Twenty five (16.7%) sputum were positive by ZN stained smear. Among 125 smear negative samples, 13 (10.4%) yielded growth in culture in LJ media and 21 (16.8%) samples were positive by PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR in smear negative cases was 100% and 92.9% respectively. Mean detection time in PCR was 24 hours. PCR detected M. tuberculosis in 21 smear negative and 9 culture negative samples. For diagnosis of tuberculosis in smear negative cases, PCR directly from sputum was a very sensitive and accurate method. In conclusion, PCR may be done, especially in clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients who remain negative by conventional methods.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i2.19368 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(02): 2-6

Prevention and Treatment of Early Childhood Caries (ECC)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey .
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a chronic disease that can be prevented. It commonlyaffects children involving in one or more decayed (with lesions or not) teeth, missing teeth (dueto caries), or teeth with fillings in children aged under 71 months. The disease is sometimesoverlooked, but this condition usually affects the general health of children. Early detection ofEarly Childhood Caries (ECC) can prevent problems which are harmful to children. Therefore,the ECC must be prevented and for teeth that have had dental caries they should be givenproper treatment so as not to worsen and affect the quality of life in children. Prevention of thisdisease is a significant component in any health program to prepare for the optimal basis forthe oral health of children. This condition will become a serious health problem if not handledproperly, and it is a major health problem for health providers throughout the world.Primarypreventive must be initiated since a woman getting pregnant.Keywords: Early Childhood Caries (ECC), prevention, treatment

Salivary and Serum Biochemical Alterations in Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gabriela Badita ◽  
Iulia Ioana Stanescu ◽  
Andra Balcangiu Stroescu ◽  
Dan Piperea Sianu ◽  
Daniela Miricescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Viral hepatitis represents a major health problem worldwide. Approximately 1.4 million people are infected with hepatitis A virus every year, although given that most of the cases evolve asymptomatically the real number could be even higher. At the same time, hepatitis B virus affects up to 30% of the world population and represents one of the main causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, it is very important to understand the physiopathology of viral hepatitis A and B not only for the diagnosis, but also for the therapeutic protocol. The present research aimed to determine if HAV and HBV can alter serum and salivary levels of total protein and of 2 important electrolytes: calcium and potassium.

Imaging of Bacteria: Is there Any Hope for the Future Based on Past Experience?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 772-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ebenhan ◽  
Elena Lazzeri ◽  
Olivier Gheysens
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Implanted Medical Devices ◽  
Neutropenic Patients ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Made In

Infectious diseases remain a major health problem and cause of death worldwide. It is expected that the socio-economic impact will further intensify due to escalating resistance to antibiotics, an ageing population and an increase in the number of patients under immunosuppressive therapy and implanted medical devices. Even though radiolabeled probes and leukocytes are routinely used in clinical practice, it might still be difficult to distinguish sterile inflammation from inflammation caused by bacteria. Moreover, the majority of these probes are based on the attraction of leukocytes which may be hampered in neutropenic patients. Novel approaches that can be implemented in clinical practice and allow for swift diagnosis of infection by targeting the microorganism directly, are posing an attractive strategy. Here we review the current strategies to directly image bacteria using radionuclides and we provide an overview of the preclinical efforts to develop and validate new approaches. Indeed, significant progress has been made in the past years, but very few radiopharmaceuticals (that were promising in preclinical studies) have made it into clinical practice. We will discuss the challenges that remain to select good candidates for imaging agents targeting bacteria.

Wogonin Alleviates Hyperglycemia Through Increased Glucose Entry into Cells Via AKT/GLUT4 Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2602-2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Khan ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Main Factor

: Insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes mellitus resulting in chronic hyperglycemia is a major health problem in the modern world. Many drugs have been tested to control hyperglycemia which is believed to be the main factor behind many of the diabetes-related late-term complications. Wogonin is a famous herbal medicine which has been shown to be effective in controlling diabetes and its complications. In our previous work, we showed that wogonin is beneficial in many ways in controlling diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we mainly explained wogonin anti-hyperglycemic property through AKT/GLUT4 pathway. Here we briefly discussed that wogonin increases Glut4 trafficking to plasma membrane which allows increased entry of glucose and thus alleviates hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Wogonin can be used as an anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycemic drug and works via AKT/GLUT4 pathway.

Management of Prameha with Mustadi Kwatha - A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Akshay H. Malshikare ◽  
Dr. Sharada Chikurte
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes

Diabetes is a major health problem in whole world. In spite of many drugs available, uncontrolled diabetes remains a challenge. Moreover, some anti-diabetic drugs are on the verge of withdrawal due to its adverse effects. So, there is an acute need for a new effective and safe drug. So in this case study we used Ayurvedic medicine ‘Mustadi Kwatha’ mentioned in Bhaishajya Ratnawali in Prameha Chikitsa. A single case study was done on use of Mustadi Kwatha on Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Significant reduction was seen in blood sugar level fasting and post-prandial.

scholarly journals Profile of Organophosphorus Poisoning

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
Joya Debnath ◽  
Arpan Kumar Basak ◽  
Md Zubaidur Rahman ◽  
Anujit Saha
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compound ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Phosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Government

Background : Self poisoning with organophosphate pesticides is a major health problem in world wide. Organophosphorus compound poisoning is a very common toxicological emergency encountered at Mirzapur in Tangail. It is particularly common among the rural agricultural worker's which comprise a substantial group of the population of this region.Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the incidence, frequency, pattern of poisoning, outcome and aetiological aspect of Organo phosphorus poisoning patient admitted in Kumudini Women's Medical college Hospital.Methods: A total 366 cases of OPC poisoning were analysed during 1 year from January 2015 to December 2015. The emphasis was given on age, sex, socio-economic status, occupation, motive of poisoning, types of compound consumed its quality, place, distance from referral place and the ultimate outcome.Results: Young population of rural background, particularly agricultural workers were the commonest patients (51.91%). The most common motive of poisoning was with a suicidal intent, both in males (27.59%) and females (66.39%). Financial crisis was one of the most common reasons analysed as the motive behind the poisoning (54.20%). Three hundred forty four Patients recovered and 22 were expired. The major cause of death in these cases was respiratory failure followed by multi-organ failure.Conclusion : Strict of the pesticide act and involving a new policy by the government to educate the public and youth in large about the dangerous, life threatening effects of Organophosphorus compound could help amelerioating the harmful effects of such poisoning.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-3, October 2018, Page 133-135

Schistosomiasis in Children in the Philippines: Beyond Health Issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 238-248
Author(s):  
Mario Torres ◽  
Hazel Luyon-Tabo ◽  
Steven Salibay ◽  
Cristina Cabanacan-Salibay
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis article aims to discuss the issues about Schistosoma japonicum infection in the Philippines based on the research findings of previous studies. This includes reviews about the nature of schistosomiasis, with emphasis on its effects on children. The review also discusses the mode of transmission of the parasite, etiology, and epidemiology, and relates these factors to the persistence of S. japonicum as a major health problem in the Philippines. The efforts, preventive measures, and recommended actions of the government are also mentioned and have been taken into consideration in strengthening the eradication measures against S. japonicum. This review further analyzes the risk factors associated with the infected individuals. Some measures and practices that may contribute to the prevention of S. japonicum infection are highlighted.

Altered Walking Pattern in a Virtual Environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Sondell ◽  
Lars Nyberg ◽  
Staffan Eriksson ◽  
Björn Engström ◽  
Anders Backman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Room Size ◽  
Walking Pattern ◽  
Multisensory Input

Falls and fractures among elderly persons constitute a major health problem. Many falls occur while walking and falls that occur during turning often result in a fracture. Methods aimed at understanding the complex mechanisms involved in walking should therefore assess tested individuals during walks and turns. In order to identify persons at risk and take the correct preventive measures, it is important to find methods that quantify movements as the tested persons are processing multisensory input. In a clinical setting this is sometimes difficult to achieve in a controlled manner, since tests are difficult to set exactly the same from one time to another. Using a virtual environment (VE) and a tracker system, conditions such as light, sound, events, body movements, and room size can be controlled and measured. Tests in VE can therefore be identically reproduced over and over again to evaluate if a person can withstand changing outer demands at any given moment. In order to perform quantitative measures 8 persons (21–74 years) were tested in immersive virtual reality. The VE was a corridor in which expected and unexpected events could be produced. Events studied were doors swinging open in front of the subjects during a walk and a virtual tilting of the environment. Trackers were used for collecting and analyzing the movement data. Our results show that the system was well tolerated among the subjects and that there was a clear tendency that the system could generate fall tendency among the subjects. There was also a difference among the subjects regarding walking strategies when subjected to the various events.

scholarly journals Acute Cholecystitis Caused by Ceftriaxone Stones in an Adult

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian D. Becker ◽  
Robert A. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Adult Patient ◽  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Sludge Formation ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
First Case

Acute cholecystitis is a major health problem. There are multiple etiologies to be considered and early recognition of the condition is important to optimize management and outcome. We report the first case in the medical literature of symptomatic acute cholecystitis triggered by ceftriaxone-associated gallbladder sludge formation and, importantly, solid ceftriaxone gallstone formation in an adult patient with underlying mineral and pigment cholecystolithiasis, necessitating cholecystectomy. This case serves as a reminder for physicians to keep this uncommon cause of cholecystolithiasis and cholecystitis in mind in patients who receive prolonged ceftriaxone therapy. These patients should be cautioned to promptly report to their physicians any signs or symptoms of cholecystitis in order to ensure timely and appropriate evaluation.

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