scholarly journals The Social Life of Pigs: Changes in Affiliative and Agonistic Behaviors following Mixing

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Carly I. O’Malley ◽  
Juan P. Steibel ◽  
Ronald O. Bates ◽  
Catherine W. Ernst ◽  
Janice M. Siegford

This study investigated potentially affiliative behaviors in grow-finish pigs, how these behaviors changed over time and their relationship to agonistic behaviors. A total of 257 Yorkshire barrows were observed for agonistic (reciprocal fights, attacks) and affiliative (nosing, play, non-agonistic contact) behaviors after mixing (at 10 weeks of age), and weeks 3, 6, and 9 after mix. The least square means of affiliative behaviors were compared across time points. Relationships among affiliative and agonistic behaviors were assessed using generalized linear mixed models. Non-agonistic contact with conspecifics increased until week 6 then remained stable between weeks 6 and 9. Nosing was highest at mix, then decreased in the following weeks. Play was lowest at mix and highest at week 3. Affiliative behaviors were negatively related with aggression at mix (p < 0.001). Pigs who engaged in play and nosing behaviors were more likely to be involved in agonistic interactions in the weeks after mixing (p < 0.05), while pigs engaging in non-agonistic contact were less likely to be involved in agonistic interactions (p < 0.001). There appear to be relationships between affiliative and agonistic behaviors in pigs, with contact being the most predictive of less aggression. Future studies could focus on promoting positive non-agonistic contact in unfamiliar pigs as a way to mitigate aggressive interactions.

2021 ◽  
pp. 096228022110175
Author(s):  
Jan P Burgard ◽  
Joscha Krause ◽  
Ralf Münnich ◽  
Domingo Morales

Obesity is considered to be one of the primary health risks in modern industrialized societies. Estimating the evolution of its prevalence over time is an essential element of public health reporting. This requires the application of suitable statistical methods on epidemiologic data with substantial local detail. Generalized linear-mixed models with medical treatment records as covariates mark a powerful combination for this purpose. However, the task is methodologically challenging. Disease frequencies are subject to both regional and temporal heterogeneity. Medical treatment records often show strong internal correlation due to diagnosis-related grouping. This frequently causes excessive variance in model parameter estimation due to rank-deficiency problems. Further, generalized linear-mixed models are often estimated via approximate inference methods as their likelihood functions do not have closed forms. These problems combined lead to unacceptable uncertainty in prevalence estimates over time. We propose an l2-penalized temporal logit-mixed model to solve these issues. We derive empirical best predictors and present a parametric bootstrap to estimate their mean-squared errors. A novel penalized maximum approximate likelihood algorithm for model parameter estimation is stated. With this new methodology, the regional obesity prevalence in Germany from 2009 to 2012 is estimated. We find that the national prevalence ranges between 15 and 16%, with significant regional clustering in eastern Germany.


2019 ◽  
pp. 216-264
Author(s):  
Burke A. Hendrix

This chapter argues that those facing persistent injustice have extended permissions to experiment with the social arrangements to be built for future generations, since profound injustices predictably frustrate human flourishing and blockade choices about how to balance multiple aspects of social life. At the same time, it suggests reasons for caution about strongly detailed ideals of what the future should hold, since such blueprints can lead to the pursuit of political goals that are neither achievable nor desirable. The chapter argues that ideal visions can help to make vivid the implications of certain values and their relation to one another, but that such visions should be treated as akin to literary works, which expand the imagination without directly describing a world to be brought about. It argues for the viability of Aboriginal “self-determination” as a protean, midrange goal that maintains space for continued agency and experimentation over time.


Author(s):  
Margarettha ◽  
Nela Safelia ◽  
Hasriati Nasution

Jambi is a part of Malay history and customs, therefore Songket fabrics become a common viewduring wedding or royal events. Over time, Songket cloth has become part of the social life used byall strata of the society. This condition makes Songket initiated the establishment of a group ofsmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Jambi, dedicated for Songket manufacturing and selling.The effort to develop local culture as a national asset is a duty for all Indonesian people, includingJambi University through the “Darma of Dedication to the community”. Community serviceprogram initiated by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education through thescheme of Export Product Development Program (PPPE) aims at conducting guidance andassistance for Jambi’s Songket SMEs through product diversification in order to increase thebusiness of SMEs. The methods of assistance used for SMEs include lectures, discussions,training, demonstrations, mentoring and program evaluation. Lectures, discussions, demonstrationsand training were conducted to increase the knowledge about diversification of products madefrom Songket. Further assistance was done for all the discussions that had been given. To measurethe success of the program, the team would conduct an evaluation from the beginning until the endof the program. The assistance provided by the PPPE of University of Jambi to SME partners ofJambi’s Songket business was able to produce wallets, ladies handbags, tracks, clothes, seatcushions, frames and sandals. The strategy of product diversification is able to increase therevenue for the SME involved.


Author(s):  
Leonie Lockstone-Binney ◽  
Judith Mair ◽  
Tom Baum ◽  
Faith Ong

The nature of events demand uniqueness and memorability, but the specific elements of experience that produce these have not been deeply examined, particularly over the course of the event experience. Much of this relies heavily on event places and the social relations they facilitate. This research used the concept of temporary communitas and built on the Event Experience Scale (EES) through an ethnographic study of an iconic multi-day, spectator driven sporting event. Solicited participant diaries of eight friends and family who travelled to attend the 2017 Boxing Day Ashes Test in Melbourne, Australia, were collected pre, during and post-event to capture the event experience as it emerged over time. Qualitative analysis of the ethnographic accounts revealed four event experience themes (competition, emotions and atmosphere, special experience and interactions), which collectively were connected to a strong sense of temporary communitas. These themes were evident across the event cycle, providing insight into the nuances of the event experience, and highlighting the importance of understanding the social relations generated in the event place pre- and post-event. Consequently, it is suggested that revision to the existing EES instrument is required to more comprehensively assess for temporary communitas as part of the event experience. Future studies could usefully test the factor structure of the EES with and without the suggested additional temporary communitas items and compare both models on the basis of their reliability and validity.


2020 ◽  
pp. 136787792095734
Author(s):  
Amy Malek

What happens when vintage family photos are digitized and enter the global visual economy as representations of a people, politics, time, and place? In this article, I examine the social life of an exemplary viral snapshot from pre-revolutionary Iran to demonstrate three of the many shifting uses and social meanings of these snapshots in online global circulations: as representations for diasporic nostalgizing, as tools of soft power in public diplomacy, and as sources for viral journalism that contribute to what I call clickbait orientalism. A 21st-century form of digital soft weaponry, this latter use of Iranian vintage photos trades on gendered orientalist tropes, the indexical power of family photographs, and the context of four decades of geopolitical tension to attract attention and thus revenue. Ultimately, these further remediations render such family snapshots as anonymous, symbolic, weaponized, and monetized, confirming that latent orientalist ideologies continue to circulate even as their manifest forms change over time.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
E.V. Matusevich ◽  
T.V. Kochetova

In this article envy is considered as a complex psychological phenomenon that has a structure and at least four aspects of which can be represented in a study: dynamic, pithful, structural and cross-cultural. It is emphasized that the main mechanism of the actualization of this psychological phenomenon is social comparison, as a result of which the subject feels and realizes his or someone else's superiority. Person can be fully aware of envy, but, at an unconscious level, it can, as a basis of the activity motives, provoke him to act. Forms of experiencing envy as a feeling are individual, they can change and transform over time, depending on what is valuable to the person at the moment. At the same time, envy is an unavoidable element of the social life of a person; it can perform an important function in the adaptation of a person in society.


Author(s):  
Kai Erikson

This book is a masterful introduction to, and appreciation of, sociology as a window into our world. The culmination of a distinguished career, and a fascinating exploration into the nature of human social life, the book describes the field of sociology as a way of looking at the world rather than as a simple gathering of facts about it. It notes that sociologists look out at the same human scenes as poets, historians, economists, or any other observers of the vast social landscape spread out before them, but select different aspects of that vast panorama to focus on and attend to. The book considers how sociology became a field of study, and how it has turned its attention over time to new areas of study such as race and gender and what the book calls “social speciation.” The book provides readers with new ways of The Individual and the Social thinking about human culture and social life.


2020 ◽  
pp. 146144482094880
Author(s):  
Anne-Linda Camerini ◽  
Tiziano Gerosa ◽  
Laura Marciano

Despite today’s ubiquitous nature of smartphones among adolescents, little is known about behavioural online and offline longitudinal predictors of problematic smartphone use (PSU). Guided by Uses and Gratifications Theory, we applied latent class analysis on survey data collected in 2017 from a cohort of 1096 adolescents ( Mage = 12.4, SDage = 0.56) and regressed PSU measured 1 year later on class membership, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, social desirability and autoregressive effects. We extracted four distinct classes: social-recreational onliners ( n = 228), weekend onliners ( n = 331), balanced ( n = 404) and noninvolved ( n = 153). Characterised by significantly more time spent online for recreational and social networking activities, both during weekdays and weekend days, as well as less time for sleep, the social-recreational onliners class showed significantly higher levels of PSU over time. Future studies should assess not only duration but also the frequency of daily online activities to provide further insights into behavioural predictors of PSU.


2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-449
Author(s):  
Rosangela Werlang ◽  
Jussara Maria Rosa Mendes

This literature review deals with death and the changes in its concept and meanings over time, aiming to relate this to the different social organizations and issues that involve individuality and human finitude. It intends to arouse the reflection about this theme respected by all of us, and related to our own contingency. In this sense, the article provides several perspectives through different authors' voices, seeking to understand how we arrived at this contemporary stage where death must be forgotten at any cost. It is a forbidden subject even inevitably being part of our daily lives, and its guardians must increasingly insure the non-participation and non-involvement of the people. Therefore, understanding the past stages of death, from its proximity to its banishment from the social life, is a necessary condition to analyzing our own end, and the end of our own individuality.


Author(s):  
Deni Eko Setiawan ◽  
Hermanu Joebagio ◽  
Prof Susanto

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of designing digital devices for history learning, with local wisdom content. In this study, the piil pesenggiri is a culture that belongs to the people of Lampung in Indonesia, over time it becomes a custom of the community, in daily life the social life of Lampung people always upholds the values contained in the Piil Pesenggiri. The meaning or value contained in the pesenggiri piil emphasizes the sense and attitude of tolerance between religions and between tribes. Based on history in the 16th century AD, the culture was born after the kingdom of Lampung, the people of Lampung, were conquered by the Islamic kingdom of Minangkabau. The spread of Islam affects the life of the people and the culture that exists, the majority of Lampung people adhere to the Islamic religion and even the meanings contained in the culture as well. To increase understanding of the local values of pesenggiri piil culture, it can be included in Islamic religious subjects, especially "the history of Islamic culture" so that it does not fade with the development of increasingly advanced times. The research method used is literature and archives or documents from the school where the research is.


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