scholarly journals Oxidative-Signaling in Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Plasticity: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Mafalda Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Catarina Roxo ◽  
Susana Solá
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mature Brain ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Adult Mammalian Brain

The adult mammalian brain is capable of generating new neurons from existing neural stem cells (NSCs) in a process called adult neurogenesis. This process, which is critical for sustaining cognition and mental health in the mature brain, can be severely hampered with ageing and different neurological disorders. Recently, it is believed that the beneficial effects of NSCs in the injured brain relies not only on their potential to differentiate and integrate into the preexisting network, but also on their secreted molecules. In fact, further insight into adult NSC function is being gained, pointing to these cells as powerful endogenous “factories” that produce and secrete a large range of bioactive molecules with therapeutic properties. Beyond anti-inflammatory, neurogenic and neurotrophic effects, NSC-derived secretome has antioxidant proprieties that prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and rescue recipient cells from oxidative damage. This is particularly important in neurodegenerative contexts, where oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a significant role. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge and the therapeutic opportunities of NSC secretome for neurodegenerative diseases with a particular focus on mitochondria and its oxidative state.

scholarly journals Caloric Restriction and the Nutrient-Sensing PGC-1αin Mitochondrial Homeostasis: New Perspectives in Neurodegeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Lettieri Barbato ◽  
Sara Baldelli ◽  
Beatrice Pagliei ◽  
Katia Aquilano ◽  
Maria Rosa Ciriolo
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Function

Mitochondrial activity progressively declines during ageing and in many neurodegenerative diseases. Caloric restriction (CR) has been suggested as a dietary intervention that is able to postpone the detrimental aspects of aging as it ameliorates mitochondrial performance. This effect is partially due to increased mitochondrial biogenesis. The nutrient-sensing PGC-1αis a transcriptional coactivator that promotes the expression of mitochondrial genes and is induced by CR. It is believed that many of the mitochondrial and metabolic benefits of CR are due to increased PGC-1αactivity. The increase of PGC-1αis also positively linked to neuroprotection and its decrement has been involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role of PGC-1αin neuronal homeostasis and the beneficial effects of CR on mitochondrial biogenesis and function. We also discuss how PGC-1α-governed pathways could be used as target for nutritional intervention to prevent neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Stem Cells: Innovative Therapeutic Options for Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1992
Author(s):  
Gabriele Bonaventura ◽  
Antonio Munafò ◽  
Carlo Maria Bellanca ◽  
Valentina La Cognata ◽  
Rosario Iemmolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Direct Cell ◽  
Protective Environment

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of structure and/or function of both neurons and glial cells, leading to different degrees of pathology and loss of cognition. The hypothesis of circuit reconstruction in the damaged brain via direct cell replacement has been pursued extensively so far. In this context, stem cells represent a useful option since they provide tissue restoration through the substitution of damaged neuronal cells with exogenous stem cells and create a neuro-protective environment through the release of bioactive molecules for healthy neurons, as well. These peculiar properties of stem cells are opening to potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of severe neurodegenerative disorders, for which the absence of effective treatment options leads to an increasingly socio-economic burden. Currently, the introduction of new technologies in the field of stem cells and the implementation of alternative cell tissues sources are pointing to exciting frontiers in this area of research. Here, we provide an update of the current knowledge about source and administration routes of stem cells, and review light and shadows of cells replacement therapy for the treatment of the three main neurodegenerative disorders (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease).

scholarly journals Influence of Probiotic Supplementation on Health Status of the Dogs: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11384
Author(s):  
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ◽  
Periyanaina Kesika ◽  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dog Food ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

Most commonly, pet dogs suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) diseases due to careless eating behaviors, such as eating food other than dog food; excess or insufficient nutrient intake of food leading to malnutrition, which could be harmful to dogs; a lack of digestive enzymes; food intolerance or allergies; infections; and/or breed-related hypersensitivities. Probiotics are live microorganisms that deliver health benefits to the host when administrated in an adequate amount. The possible mechanism behind probiotics’ beneficial effects could be their positive regulation of the host’s intestinal microbiota. Probiotics are reported to have therapeutic properties against canine GI and other diseases. The most suitable dosages and applications of probiotics have not been evaluated extensively. The present review summarizes current knowledge regarding the benefits of probiotics and the changes in canine microbiota during probiotic interventions. This literature review provides clinical evidence for probiotics’ beneficial effects in preventing or treating canine ill-health conditions. Based on current knowledge, subsequent researchers could develop or improve probiotics-based canine pharmacological products.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: From Basic Science to Clinics

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Randall Harrell ◽  
Nemanja Jovicic ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
Vladislav Volarevic
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are, due to their immunosuppressive and regenerative properties, used as new therapeutic agents in cell-based therapy of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. A large number of experimental and clinical studies revealed that most of MSC-mediated beneficial effects were attributed to the effects of MSC-sourced exosomes (MSC-Exos). MSC-Exos are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that contain MSC-derived bioactive molecules (messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs)), enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) that modulate phenotype, function and homing of immune cells, and regulate survival and proliferation of parenchymal cells. In this review article, we emphasized current knowledge about molecular and cellular mechanisms that were responsible for MSC-Exos-based beneficial effects in experimental models and clinical trials. Additionally, we elaborated on the challenges of conventional MSC-Exos administration and proposed the use of new bioengineering and cellular modification techniques which could enhance therapeutic effects of MSC-Exos in alleviation of inflammatory and degenerative diseases.

Bioactives in disease prevention and health promotion: Exploiting Combinatorial effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Chikkalakshmipura Gurumallu ◽  
Rajesha Javaraiah
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion

Background: Many bioactive molecules such as lycopene, resveratrol, lignan, tannins, indoles fatty acids, etc. found in small amounts in plants, animals, and microorganisms have been extensively investigated for their diverse preventive, therapeutic, immune-modulating and toxicological effects. Currently, the growing interest of the consumers is shifted towards a novel bioinspired strategy of cocktailing two or more bioactives at a lower concentration to reduce both side and cost effects, and to enhance positive effects for the development of novel compounds by the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Methods: Even though there are several regularly updated and published reports showing the importance of beneficial effects of bioactives individually, no systematic reviews are outlining how the bioactives have combinatorially acted together to provide such health benefits and disease preventive effects. Hence, various electronic scientific databases such as Pub Med, Science Direct, Google scholar, Sci-Finder were searched to collect the data of the present review. Results: One hundred and sixty-two research and review papers collected from peer-reviewed journals are cited in the present review covering the broad spectrum of many bioactives and their importance in the field of food, feed and drug industries. Conclusion: The present systematic review discusses and highlights our current knowledge on the concept of synergistic and combinatorial effects of various bioactives from the plant, animal, microorganism sources and synthetic drugs in disease prevention and health promotion. These findings may pave a way for the discovery of new bioactive products and process development, which could add to economic importance.

scholarly journals Natural Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Rosalba Leuci ◽  
Leonardo Brunetti ◽  
Viviana Poliseno ◽  
Antonio Laghezza ◽  
Fulvio Loiodice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Secondary metabolites from plants and fungi are stimulating growing interest in consumers and, consequently, in the food and supplement industries. The beneficial effects of these natural compounds are being thoroughly studied and there are frequent updates about the biological activities of old and new molecules isolated from plants and fungi. In this article, we present a review of the most recent literature regarding the recent discovery of secondary metabolites through isolation and structural elucidation, as well as the in vitro and/or in vivo evaluation of their biological effects. In particular, the possibility of using these bioactive molecules in the prevention and/or treatment of widely spread pathologies such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases is discussed.

scholarly journals Strategies for Regenerating Striatal Neurons in the Adult Brain by Using Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Nakaguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Masuda ◽  
Naoko Kaneko ◽  
Kazunobu Sawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

Currently, there is no effective treatment for the marked neuronal loss caused by neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD) or ischemic stroke. However, recent studies have shown that new neurons are continuously generated by endogenous neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain, including the human brain. Because some of these new neurons migrate to the injured striatum and differentiate into mature neurons, such new neurons may be able to replace degenerated neurons and improve or repair neurological deficits. To establish a neuroregenerative therapy using this endogenous system, endogenous regulatory mechanisms that can be co-opted for efficient regenerative interventions must be understood, along with any potential drawbacks. Here, we review current knowledge on the generation of new neurons in the adult brain and discuss their potential for use in replacing striatal neurons lost to neurodegenerative diseases, including HD, and to ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Pectins and Olive Pectins: From Biotechnology to Human Health

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Maria C. Millan-Linares ◽  
Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz ◽  
Maria E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Neutral Sugars

Pectins are a component of the complex heteropolysaccharide mixture present in the cell wall of higher plants. Structurally, the pectin backbone includes galacturonic acid to which neutral sugars are attached, resulting in functional regions in which the esterification of residues is crucial. Pectins influence many physiological processes in plants and are used industrially for both food and non-food applications. Pectin-based compounds are also a promising natural source of health-beneficial bioactive molecules. The properties of pectins have generated interest in the extraction of these polysaccharides from natural sources using environmentally friendly protocols that maintain the native pectin structure. Many fruit by-products are sources of pectins; however, owing to the wide range of applications in various fields, novel plants are now being explored as potential sources. Olives, the fruit of the olive tree, are consumed as part of the healthy Mediterranean diet or processed into olive oil. Pectins from olives have recently emerged as promising compounds with health-beneficial effects. This review details the current knowledge on the structure of pectins and describes the conventional and novel techniques of pectin extraction. The versatile properties of pectins, which make them promising bioactive compounds for industry and health promotion, are also considered.

Evaluation of anti-pyretic activity of Dracaena sanderiana by Brewer’s yeast method

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Plant Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Dracaena Sanderiana ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Action

These medicinal plants are used to develop a therapy for the disease. To improve the science, investigate the scientific proof and activities validation, therefore the use of various herbal remedies for their pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory action in these current days. includes influence, anti-inflammatory, anti effect, analgesia, effects and some beneficial effects on the GI system. show the potential value of pain relief, cancer prevention and weight loss. According to these plant effects, consider that this present study was mainly based on to investigate and likely to reduce the fever caused by the outdoor and indoor. potential of is evidenced in leave studies. The medicinal plant produces a variety of chemical substances which shows significant therapeutic properties with the standard drug paracetamol.

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