scholarly journals Human Health Impact Analysis of Contaminant in IoT-Enabled Water Distributed Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3394
Author(s):  
Essa Q. Shahra ◽  
Wenyan Wu ◽  
Roberto Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Water Quality Sensors ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to assess and analyze the health impact of consuming contaminated drinking water in a water distributed system (WDS). The analysis was based on qualitative simulation performed in two different models named hydraulic and water quality in a WDS. The computation focuses on quantitative analysis for chemically contaminated water impacts by analyzing the dose level in various locations in the water network and the mass of the substance that entered the human body. Several numerical experiments have been applied to evaluate the impact of water pollution on human life. They analyzed the impact on human life according to various factors, including the location of the injected node (pollution occurrence) and the ingested dose level. The results show a significant impact of water contaminant on human life in multiple areas in the water network, and the level of this impact changed from one location to another in WDSs based on several factors such as the location of the pollution occurrence, the contaminant concentration, and the dose level. In order to reduce the impact of this contaminant, water quality sensors have been used and deployed on the water network to help detect this contaminant. The sensors were optimally deployed based on the time-detection of water contamination and the volume of polluted water consumed. Numerical experiments were carried out to compare water pollution’s impact with and without using water quality sensors. The results show that the health impact was reduced by up to 98.37% by using water quality sensors.

scholarly journals PEMANTAUAN KUALITAS AIR DI BAGIAN HULU SUNGAI CISADANE DENGAN INDIKATOR MAKROINVERTEBRATA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Poltak BP Panjaitan ◽  
Supriyono Eko Wardoyo ◽  
Sofian Rodian
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Middle Point ◽  
Invertebrate Animals

Observation on the Water Quality of Cisadane River in the Upstream Part Using Macroinvertebrates as The Indikator          Water is an important thing for either human life or other creatures on the earth.  Water posses a lot of necesities, among of them is to fullfill domestics, industries, and agriculture. For this purposes people often take from rivers.  River Cisedane is one of rivers that available in Bogor City, having water catchment area of 1100 km2 and is one of main rivers in West Java and Banten Province. One procedure for testing water quality of rivers is to see the invertebrate animals available in the river, because some species are very sensitive for pollution. There were three points in the reserch area that were in upperpart area was Rancamaya, middle area was Pasir Jaya, and the lower area was Situ Gede.  Water quality value index in Rancamaya (Upper part) was 5.42, included middle level of water pollution. In Pasir Jaya (middle point) was 4.75, included polluted water level, and in Situ  Gede (lower prt) was 4.28 included more pollutud water level. Overall of observed research area were the lower part of river the worse pollution available. The pollution available in the research area was caused by domestics waste from inhabitant and other chemical waste from agriculture.Keyword :  Mikroinvertebrata, Cisadane, water quality, upper river part ABSTRAK          Air merupakan salah satu unsur yang sangat penting bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia maupun mahkluk hidup lainnya yang ada di muka bumi. Air memiliki banyak manfaat, diantaranya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga, industri dan pertanian. Untuk memanfaatkan air tersebut biasanya masyarakat mengambil air dari satu sungai pada suatu Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS). Salah satu DAS yang terdapat di Kota Bogor yaitu DAS Cisadane dengan daerah tangkapan air seluas 1.100 km2, selain itu DAS Cisadane  merupakan aliran sungai utama di Propinsi Banten dan Jawa Barat. Salah satu cara untuk menilai kualitas air sungai adalah dengan melihat keberadaan makroinvertebrata yang hidup di sungai tersebut. Makroinvertebrata dapat memberikan petunjuk adanya pencemar, karena jenis-jenis tertentu sangat peka terhadap pencemaran. Maka berdasarkan hal tersebut penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasi adanya makro-invertebrata di sungai yang merupakan bioindikator kualitas airnya. Tiga titik pengambilan sampel makro-invertebrata di hulu sungai Cisedane yaitu di bagian atas peneltian (Daerah Rancamaya), di bagian tengah penelitian  (Pasir Jaya) dan di bagian bawah penelitian (Situ Gede). Nilai indeks kualitas air di bagian atas penelitian, yaitu di daerah Desa Rancamaya adalah 5,42. Itu menunjukan bahwa kualitas air di daerah tersebut masuk air berpolusi sedang. Pada lokasi penelitian di bagian tengah, yaitu Daerah Desa Pasir Jaya indeks kualitas air nya adalah 4,75. Itu menunjukan bahwa kualitas air di sana masuk air kotor. Sedangkan di bagian bawah penelitian, yaitu daerah Desa Situ Gede indeks kualitas air nya adalah 4,28. Itu menunjukan bahwa kualitas air di sana masuk air kotor. Dari Nilai Indeks Kualitas air di seluruh lokasi hulu sungai penelitian menunjukan bahwa semakin ke bawah kualitas air sungai semakin kotor. Kualitas air di sana diduga diakibatkan oleh sampah atau limbah organik yang berasal dari rumah tangga. Selain itu, kualitas air di sana diduga disebabkan oleh bahan –bahan kimia berbahaya yang berasal dari penggunaan pupuk, pestisida di areal pertanian. Kata kunci : Mikroinvertebrata, Cisadane, kualitas air, hulu.

scholarly journals The Changes of Mangrove Area in Pati Regency of the Year 2011 - 2015 and Their Impact Analysis: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Achmad Nur Prihantoro ◽  
Sutrisno Anggoro ◽  
Fuad Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Association

Mangrove vegetation has a very complex function for human life now and in the future. Therefore protecting mangrove areas by preventing damage and reforesting in mangrove areas that have improved degradation must continue. The purpose of this study is to identify changes in mangrove areas for five years, as well as their impact. A literature review of previous research studies used to assess the impact of a decrease in the mangrove area, along with conservation strategies. The results showed that the degradation of mangroves for land conversion can result in decreased carbon stocks in sediments, changes in abiotic conditions in the media, a decrease in the number of fish catches, the occurrence of abrasion and a decrease infauna of the Mollusca group association. Integrated coastal management should pay attention to the sectoral dimension, dimensions of science and ecological dimensions.

scholarly journals The Process of Microbiological Remediation of the Polluted Słoneczko Reservoir in Poland: For Reduction of Water Pollution and Nutrients Management

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3002
Author(s):  
Jakub Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Agata Mazur ◽  
Robert Mazur ◽  
Krzysztof Chmielowski ◽  
Wojciech Czekała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Water Transparency ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of nutrients from sewage on the state of the sewage receiver. Bioremediation was carried out through the use of effective microorganisms. The potential recovery of valuable mineral and organic substances in the form of fertilizers was also examined. The Słoneczko Reservoir is a bathing area and serves many people in the summertime as a place of water recreation. Water quality deteriorated intensively from 2006 as a result of illegal wastewater discharge and the impact of fecal pollution from bathers. The high concentration of nutrients in the water was the cause of the eutrophication process and blooms of cyanobacteria, which pose a threat to human health in the bathing area. The bathing area was also closed many times by sanitary services as a result of exceeding the number of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis in the water. At the bottom of the reservoir, there was a layer of sediments with a thickness of 30–70 cm. Thus, the processes of anaerobic decomposition generated odor, causing nuisance in the reservoir area. Water transparency varied from 30 to 50 cm, due to the accumulation of suspensions and biomass of planktonic algae. The reservoir was subjected to microbiological bioremediation in 2017 and 2018 to polluted water treatment and to reduce the organic content of bottom sediments. Already after the first application of biopreparations putrefactive odors and the eutrophication process disappeared at the end of the 2017 summer season. Bioremediation reduced the value of E. coli and E. feacalis to the acceptable level. After the second application in 2018, the organic fraction of the bottom sediments was reduced to a very low level and the water transparency reached the bottom (maximum depth was 2.2 m) throughout the entire bathing area. The effect of the water remediation was maintained until 2019, and the surface water quality remained at a very good level. An important aspect in this case is also the exploitation of bottom sediments, because they are rich in nutrients and organic matter, and therefore it may have some potential as a fertilizer. The recovery of nutrients can be used in plant or pot production. However, they contain compounds that degrade quickly, causing unpleasant odors and threatening the environment. Thus, they should be managed and handled in an environmentally friendly and sustainable way.

scholarly journals The effects of industrial and agricultural activity on the water quality of the Sitnica River (Kosovo)

Geoadria ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Albona Shala ◽  
Fatbardh Sallaku ◽  
Agron Shala ◽  
Shkëlzim Ukaj
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Monitoring Stations

An important issue in Kosovo is water pollution. The use of polluted water has a direct impact on human health and cause long-term consequences. The longest and most polluted river in Kosovo is the Sitnica, a 90 km long river with its source located near the village of Sazli. The river flows into the Ibar River in Northern Kosovo. Agriculture is prevailing activity in the basin of Sitnica which is why agricultural as well as industrial waste are the biggest water pollutants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate water quality of the river and analyse the pollution level along the Sitnica River caused by agricultural activities and industrial discharges. In order to assess the impact of pollutants on this river, a measurements were carried out in four (five) monitoring stations: the first station represents the reference station which has not undergone or has not been affected by polluting pressures, two stations in water areas affected by the irrigation of farming land and two monitoring stations in water areas affected by industrial wastewater discharge. Some of the parameters of water quality analysed are temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, DO, COD, BOD, P total, nitrates, sulfates, and heavy metals iron, manganese, zinc, nickel. Compared to the reference station the results obtained from the Gracka and Pestova monitoring stations prove that the dominant form of pollution is that from agricultural lands irrigation, while the Plemetin and Mitrovica stations show that the Sitnica River is affected by wastewater discharge which contains significant concentrations of heavy metals, as well as metal ions selected in this paper. It can be concluded that the irrigation of agricultural lands and discharges from mining significantly affect water quality of the Sitnica River.

scholarly journals Impact assessment wastewater discharge on water quality DTD canal Becej-Bogojevo

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Pesic ◽  
Milena Becelic-Tomin ◽  
Bozo Dalmacija ◽  
Dejan Krcmar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
The Impact

Pressure and impact analysis requires information on the main drivers and changes in conditions. In order to analyze such pressures and impacts, each river basin requires: an analysis of its characteristics, a review of the impact of human activity on the status of the surface water and an economic analysis of water use. Pressure and impact analysis plays a central role in the planning of river basin management. The quality of the stream at any point depends on several major factors: lithology of the basin, weather conditions, climate, and human impacts. Most of the polluters are located in the big cities next to canal DTD Becej-Bogojevo canal (Odzaci,Vrbas, Srbobran, Becej). Per year, 2900000 m3 of wastewater was discharged into the Becej-Bogojevo section of the DTD canal: 1,4 tCOD, 0,8 0tBOD, 260 kg of nitrogen, 19 kg of phosphorus and 282 kg of suspended solids. Of the total volume of wastewater, 20% comes from industry and 80% from municipal wastewater. Most of the wastewaters from the studied polluters is discharged untreated or insufficiently treated (only primary treatment). This poor quality wastewater threatens the receipients into which its is discharged. Comparison of the wastewater quality results to the Decree on emission limits and deadlines for their achievement, shows that many polluters exceed the limits for all parameters (COD, BOD, nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids). On the basis of the physico-chemical analysis of the water from the DTD Becej-Bogojevo canal it can be concluded that the water quality is unsatisfactory. According to the national legislation, the water quality exceeds the values for good potential streams for most parameters at all sampling locatio dissolved oxygen, organic matter and nutrients). Thus, we can conclude that the water in the studied section of the DTD Becej-Bogojevo canal does not meet the criteria for "good ecological potential". The most vulnerable locations are downstream of the Vrbas and downstream of the Becej, while the best quality canal water is at the furthest upstream location (CS Bogojevo). Risk assessment based on monitoring results indicates that the water of the studied section of the DTD Becej-Bogojevo canal is probably at risk of failing to meet the objectives of the Water Framework Directive, as 33% of the analyzed parameters to calculate specific risk ratios were greater than 1, and thus fall into the category of pollutants medium risk. In order to achieve the quality (to achieve good status and good potential), there must be a response from industrial producers, which consists primarily of comprehensively understanding the problems and implementing measures to minimize the impact of these problems.

scholarly journals Analysis of globalization determinants impact on human resources development

2018 ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Anna Pereverzieva
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Human Resources Development ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resources Development

Subject, objective of the study. The role of human resources at the present stage of society development is revealed. Globalization determinants are distinguished. Adjustment of the role of human resources amid intensification of globalization impact on all components of human life is illustrated. The influence of modern globalization tendencies on labour activity is determined. Hereupon industrial and informational approaches to the definition of the subsence of labour are figured out. The analysis of globalization factors influence on the development of human resources is made. The objective of the study is to analyze globalization determinants impact on human resources development. Method and methodology of research design. General scientific and specific methods and techniques of scientific research are used: induction and deduction, when determining the role of human resources at the present stage of society development; analysis and synthesis, when determining the impact of modern globalization tendencies on labour and human resources development; scientific abstraction and systematic analysis, when emphasizing globalization factors. Study findings. Findings of the impact analysis of globalization factors on human resources development are presented. Globalization factors are identified. The peculiarities of their effect are characterized. Conclusions. Taking into account current tendencies in the development of society, the role of human resources is being increased. They determine the potential opportunities, ensure competitiveness rate and shape the future trajectories of development. Intensification of globalization process effect leads to the need for constant development and self-improvement of a person in order to meet modern requirements and increase individual competitiveness rate. We identify some key globalization determinants, which affect human resources development: economic, political, technological, educational, social and cultural. These factors peculiarities mean the chain reaction which cause the factor`s performance initiated by other`s impact. Nowadays there are significant changes in the work activity, the nature of labor, in which the highest creative activity of a person is considered to be the most important. The result is the creation of a unique product that simultaneously satisfies the needs of a person in the development of abilities, self-realization, and at the same time satisfies the needs of others.

scholarly journals The anthropogenic impact on water quality of the river Danube in Serbia: Microbiological analysis and genotoxicity monitoring

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kolarevic ◽  
Jelena Knezevic-Vukcevic ◽  
M. Paunovic ◽  
Jelena Tomovic ◽  
Z. Gacic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work was to examine the impact of urban wastewaters on the water quality of the Danube River in Serbia. Samples of water and sediments for microbiological analysis and genotoxicity monitoring were collected from 6 sites during spring and/or autumn 2010. Sanitary analysis, i.e. enumeration of total and fecal coliforms and intestinal enterococci, indicated moderate to critical fecal contamination, while organic load assessment (oligotroph to heterotroph ratio, index of phosphatase activity) revealed the category of moderately polluted water. Mercury-resistant bacteria were detected in all water samples, with high numbers at locations positioned downstream of Belgrade. There was no correlation of the microbiological parameters of the sediment and water samples. Genotoxicity monitoring, performed by the comet assay on hemocytes of mussels Sinanodonta woodiana, indicated a significant increase of DNA damage in mussels collected from the studied sites compared with the control group.

scholarly journals Recommended advanced techniques for waterborne pathogen detection in developing countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah S Alhamlan ◽  
Ahmed Ali Al-Qahtani ◽  
Mohammed N. Ahmed Al-Ahdal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

The effect of human activities on water resources has expanded dramatically during the past few decades, leading to the spread of waterborne microbial pathogens. The total global health impact of human infectious diseases associated with pathogenic microorganisms from land-based wastewater pollution was estimated to be approximately three million disability-adjusted life years (DALY), with an estimated economic loss of nearly 12 billion US dollars per year. Although clean water is essential for healthy living, it is not equally granted to all humans. Indeed, people who live in developing countries are challenged every day by an inadequate supply of clean water. Polluted water can lead to health crises that in turn spread waterborne pathogens. Taking measures to assess the water quality can prevent these potential risks. Thus, a pressing need has emerged in developing countries for comprehensive and accurate assessments of water quality. This review presents current and emerging advanced techniques for assessing water quality that can be adopted by authorities in developing countries.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling and impact analysis of the use of COVID Alert SA app

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-128
Author(s):  
Musyoka Kinyili ◽  
◽  
Justin B Munyakazi ◽  
Abdulaziz YA Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Impact

<abstract> <p>The human life-threatening novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona-virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has lasted for over a year escalating and posing simultaneous anxiety day-by-day globally since its first report in the late December 2019. The scientific arena has been kept animated via continuous investigations in an effort to understand the spread dynamics and the impact of various mitigation measures to keep this pandemic diminished. Despite a lot of research works having been accomplished this far, the pandemic is still deep-rooted in many regions worldwide signaling for more scientific investigations. This study joins the field by developing a modified SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed) compartmental deterministic model whose key distinct feature is the incorporation of the COVID Alert SA app use by the general public in prolific intention to control the spread of the epidemic. Validation of the model is performed by fitting the model to the Republic of South Africa's COVID-19 cases reported data using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation algorithm implemented in fitR package. The model's sensitivity analysis and simulations stipulate that gradual to complete use of the app would be perfect in contact tracing and substantially reduce the plateau number of COVID-19 infections. This would consequentially contribute remarkably to the eradication of the SARS-CoV-2 over time. Proportional amalgamation of the app use and test for COVID-19 on individuals not using the app would also reduce the peak number of infections apart from the 50 – 50% ratio which spikes the plateau number beyond any other proportion. The study establishes that at least 30% implementation of the app use with gradual increase in tests conducted for individuals not using the app would suffice to stabilize the disease free equilibrium resulting to gradual eradication of the pandemic.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Impact of Right Bank Outfall Drain-I (RBOD-I) / Main Nara Valley Drain (MNVD) on Manchar Lake, Sindh, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 5074-5079
Author(s):  
A. A. Mahessar ◽  
K. Ansari ◽  
G. M. Arain ◽  
S. M. Kori ◽  
S. Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Manchar Lake

The lakes of Sindh are in poor environmental condition due to the massive disposal of effluents. This paper presents the impact of water quality in Manchar Lake due to climate change and anthropogenic intervention. The lake is one of the biggest natural lakes in Sindh, Pakistan. The lake has three major sources of water supply: Indus River, hill torrents from the Khirthar Mountain range and the Right Bank Outfall Drain (RBOD-I)/Main Nara Valley Drain (MNVD). The water supply of the lake from the first two sources has been reduced due to morphological and climate changes. Hence, there is only one, and polluted, water supply to the lake, the RBOD-I/MNVD. At the same time, the use of poisonous materials for fishing has further contaminated the lake’s water. The RBOD system is connected with RBOD-III, RBOD-I/MNVD, Indus Link and RBOD-II on the right side of Indus River for safe disposal of wastewater into the Arabian Sea, which is still not functioning. Hence, more than 4500 cusecs of wastewater from the catchment area of RBOD have directly been discharged into the lake causing severe impact on flora, fauna and the livelihood of locals. In order to analyze the lake water quality impact, the water quality index (WQI) model was used. The results indicate that the water quality of four samples was very poor, while the fifth sample was unsuitable for drinking. The results of statistical analysis of parameters such as TDS, EC, SO4, Cl, Na, and hardness are higher to their permissible limits. Consequently, lake water possesses a high potential risk to local consumers and aquatic ecology.

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