scholarly journals Comparative Study of Different Types of Waterproofing Screeds with a Focus on Cohesion with Selected Building Materials after the Freeze-Thaw Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11256
Author(s):  
Michal Nývlt ◽  
Jiří Pazderka ◽  
Pavel Reiterman
Keyword(s):  
Water Permeability ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Permeability Test ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time

The aim of the research was focused on the functionality of three types of waterproofing screeds from the perspective of their use in building structures. Bitumen, polymer, silicate (mineral) were studied in terms of their cohesion with the substrate and their sealing ability, used in combination with different building materials—ceramics, concrete, lime-sand bricks and marl stone, the permeability properties of which were taken into consideration, too. The cohesion was also studied after the freeze-thaw exposure to take into account the aspects of durability. During the experimental program, the basic waterproofing ability of all types of tested screeds applied on building materials was confirmed. Comparing the overall tested screeds, despite the best adhesion of the polymer-based screed, this material exhibited the lowest durability after the freeze-thaw exposure. The bitumen and silicate (mineral) screed attained similar values of adhesion to the studied base materials. However, they differ in their ability to withstand freeze-thaw cycles over time. The modified water permeability test on model masonry specimens was performed. No leakage of water during the test was monitored for the specimens with all types of applied screeds over time, and, in addition, water had not penetrated through the bricks, nor through the joints. The waterproofing effect of the screed is not affected by the joints in masonry.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of the Load-Displacement Behaviour of Cast-in-Place Progressive Anchorage in Reinforced Concrete Members

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2343
Author(s):  
Matúš Farbák ◽  
Jozef Jošt ◽  
Richard Hlinka ◽  
Miroslav Rosmanit
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Time Required

Modern construction requirements for building structures are currently focused on reducing the time required for construction, dealing with the lack of qualified human resources and ensuring comprehensive construction work quality. The problems mentioned above of today’s construction industry are significantly reduced by modern prefabrication and the efficient use of the most common building materials—steel and concrete. Critical components of such construction systems are their joints. Currently, there are many different types of joints of precast concrete structural elements. Integral parts of these joints are the various anchorages. For connecting load-bearing components, cast-in-place anchor systems are preferred to post-installed ones. The appropriate design of this small but crucial structural component is a complicated engineering issue in some cases. The finite element method (FEM) represents a practical opportunity to design and analyze anchorage systems in detail. A detailed numerical study based on an experimental program was performed to understand cast-in-place anchors’ real behavior and clarify some of the parameters of their design. This paper explains the creation of a numerical model, compares the FEM model with the performed experiments and presents the interesting results of the performed parametric study.

Scanning electron microscopy of asbestos-containing material where the asbestos fibers are considered locked in a binder

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
J. R. Millette ◽  
R. S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Binder Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has labeled as “friable” those building materials that are likely to readily release fibers. Friable materials when dry, can easily be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder using hand pressure. Other asbestos containing building materials (ACBM) where the asbestos fibers are in a matrix of cement or bituminous or resinous binders are considered non-friable. However, when subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting or other forms of abrasion, these non-friable materials are to be treated as friable asbestos material. There has been a hypothesis that all raw asbestos fibers are encapsulated in solvents and binders and are not released as individual fibers if the material is cut or abraded. Examination of a number of different types of non-friable materials under the SEM show that after cutting or abrasion, tuffs or bundles of fibers are evident on the surfaces of the materials. When these tuffs or bundles are examined, they are shown to contain asbestos fibers which are free from binder material. These free fibers may be released into the air upon further cutting or abrasion.

Measuring Agency Change Across the Domain of Hypnosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince Polito ◽  
Amanda Barnier ◽  
Erik Woody
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Hypnotic Induction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Postexperimental Inquiry

Building on Hilgard’s (1965) classic work, the domain of hypnosis has been conceptualised by Barnier, Dienes, and Mitchell (2008) as comprising three levels: (1) classic hypnotic items, (2) responding between and within items, and (3) state and trait. The current experiment investigates sense of agency across each of these three levels. Forty-six high hypnotisable participants completed an ideomotor (arm levitation), a challenge (arm rigidity) and a cognitive (anosmia) item either following a hypnotic induction (hypnosis condition) or without a hypnotic induction (wake condition). In a postexperimental inquiry, participants rated their feelings of control at three time points for each item: during the suggestion, test and cancellation phases. They also completed the Sense of Agency Rating Scale (Polito, Barnier, & Woody, 2013) for each item. Pass rates, control ratings, and agency scores fluctuated across the different types of items and for the three phases of each item; also, control ratings and agency scores often differed across participants who passed versus failed each item. Interestingly, whereas a hypnotic induction influenced the likelihood of passing items, it had no direct effect on agentive experiences. These results suggest that altered sense of agency is not a unidimensional or static quality “switched on” by hypnotic induction, but a dynamic multidimensional construct that varies across items, over time and according to whether individuals pass or fail suggestions.

Resistance of Binding Systems of Various Compositions to the Action of Molds

2020 ◽  
Vol 786 (11) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
V.V. STROKOVA ◽  
◽  
V.V. NELUBOVA ◽  
M.N. SIVALNEVA ◽  
M.D. RYKUNOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Biological Corrosion ◽  
Test Objects

The dynamic development of urbanization contributes to an increase in emissions of industrial waste, which is the cause dysfunction of the ecosystem balance and leads to the development of biological corrosion on building materials associated with the products of the vital activity of microorganisms. In this regard, it is necessary to assess the resistance of composites to predict the durability of building structures under conditions of biological influence of microorganisms. Binder systems of various compositions were studied: cementless nanostructured binders (NB) based on quartz sand and granodiorite, gypsum, Portland cement and alumina cement. The toxicity of binders was assessed by biotesting on living organisms – cladocerans Daphnia Magna – according to the criteria of the intensity of their growth and viability. As a result, the high environmental safety of NB is substantiated, and the ranking of the studied binders according to the degree of increase in their toxicity to test objects is presented. Fungal resistance was assessed by the ability of molds for growing and reproduction on the studied samples. It was found that the most active in terms of the development of binders were representatives of the genus Aspergillus, the intensity of growing of which in all variants did not decrease below 3 points. Gypsum and NB were especially vulnerable, where the degree of fouling repeatedly reached 5 points. Even the initially biostable cement, after the aging process, lost its stability at different extent. The obtained results indicate the need to increase the resistance of composites for various purposes under conditions of biocorrosion at the stage of design and updating of regulatory documents, including tests for fungal resistance in the list of mandatory.

Imagery in the Book of Revelation

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Konrad Huber
Keyword(s):  
Reception History ◽  
Book Of Revelation ◽  
Imperial Cult ◽  
Emotional Effect ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Figurative Speech ◽  
Theological Message ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The chapter first surveys different types of figurative speech in Revelation, including simile, metaphor, symbol, and narrative image. Second, it considers the way images are interrelated in the narrative world of the book. Third, it notes how the images draw associations from various backgrounds, including biblical and later Jewish sources, Greco-Roman myths, and the imperial cult, and how this enriches the understanding of the text. Fourth, the chapter looks at the rhetorical impact of the imagery on readers and stresses in particular its evocative, persuasive, and parenetic function together with its emotional effect. And fifth, it looks briefly at the way reception history shows how the imagery has engaged readers over time. Thus, illustrated by numerous examples, it becomes clear how essentially the imagery of the book of Revelation constitutes and determines its theological message.

scholarly journals Effect of scent on comfort of aircraft passengers

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (s1) ◽  
pp. S273-S280
Author(s):  
Xinhe Yao ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Peter Vink
Keyword(s):  
Completion Time ◽  
Aircraft Cabin ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND: Scents may influence the perceived comfort of an environment. There are only a few studies conducted on the relationship between scent and comfort in aircraft cabin. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this research is to explore whether relationships between scents and perceived comfort can be found for passengers in an aircraft cabin. METHODS: 276 participants joined an experiment in a Boeing 737 fuselage. The participants were divided into nine groups and each joined a session for 60 minutes with the exposure to different scents. The effect of the odor was measured by a set of questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the session. Results of questionnaires were analyzed regarding the effects on the completion time, of the type of scents, of the intensity of the scent and on gender. RESULTS: Significant differences were found at the beginning and at the end of the experiment regarding comfort and emotion, but sometimes no relations could be established. The influence of different scents on comfort/discomfort varied and changed over time. However, in all scenarios, participant’ scores on emotion decreased. Additionally, the added scents influenced the linearity between the changes in comfort and discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Smell could influence the perceived comfort/discomfort of aircraft passengers over time, and different types of smells have different effects on passengers. The preferences on scents are diverse, which highlights the need for personalization in aircraft cabin design.

Canadian Exceptionalism: Explaining Differences over Time in Provincial and Federal Voter Turnout

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donley T. Studlar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
The Political ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Industrial Democracies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

Canada is unusual among advanced industrial democracies in having some provinces which regularly have greater voter turnouts for provincial than for federal elections. Provincial and federal turnouts by province in Canada are analyzed for the 1945-1998 period using multiple regression analysis, both for each set of elections and by comparing differences between the two. Federal turnout has declined over the years but provincial turnout appears to have increased slightly. Although the effects found here largely confirm previous findings about the relative effects of different types of variables found for the Canadian federal level only, several of the political explanations previously supported in cross-national research find less support. Instead, region, population density, months since the last federal or provincial election, and season of the year generally have greater and sometimes more consistent effects. This suggests the need for more studies of turnout in democracies at sub-central levels.

Ruling out Change: Institutional Impediments to Transfer of Technology in Ship Building and Design in the Far East

Itinerario ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Bao Leshi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Far East ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ship Building ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Technological Tradition

In the Chinese technological tradition, no sector, apart from that of agriculture, is as rich in original ideas as naval architecture. Over the past three millennia, hundreds of different types of craft have been developed for use on China's shallow lakes, on its fast flowing rivers and along its often stormy coastal waters. Each type was developed for specific use as a means of transportation, and would seem to represent the ultimate answer to the challenges posed by local conditions. Ultimate answer, that is, within the limitations of the traditional building materials with which these boats were constructed and fitted out. Nor was ingenuity confined to construction techniques.

scholarly journals Approaches to the Mechanical Properties of Threaded Studs Welded to RHS Columns

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
Ismael García ◽  
Miguel A. Serrano ◽  
Carlos López-Colina ◽  
Fernando L. Gayarre ◽  
Jesús M. Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Bolted Joints ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Static Behavior ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Punch Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face

The use of Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS) as columns in steel construction includes important advantages like higher mechanical strength and fire resistance. However, the practical demountable bolted joints between beams and columns are not easy to execute, due to impossibility of access to the inner part of the tube. The use of threaded studs welded to the face of the tube and bolted to the beam by means of angle cleats is one of the cheaper and most efficient solutions to obtain beam–column joints with a semi-rigid behavior, as is usually sought in building structures. Nevertheless, it is important to point out that the stud-diameter and the stud-class selection may affect the mechanical properties of the welded parts of the joint. In this paper, 8MnSi7 (with a commercial designation K800) and 4.8 threaded studs were welded to RHS steel tubes and mechanical properties on the weld, the Heat Affected Zones (HAZ), and the base metal were obtained in two different ways: through a correlation with the Vickers hardness and by means of the Small Punch Test (SPT). A study of the microstructure and tensile tests on the threaded studs and in the columns was also carried out. The research involved different types of stud qualities, tube wall thicknesses, and stud diameters. The work presented in this paper proved that in most cases, the welded joint between these studs and the RHS steel tubes present a reasonable static behavior that fulfils the requirements for the beam–column joints under static loading.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document