scholarly journals Application of Hydrogen Peroxide to Improve the Microbiological Stability of Food Ice Produced in Industrial Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Pietro Barbaccia ◽  
Leopoldo Lipocelli ◽  
Giancarlo Moschetti ◽  
Nicola Francesca ◽  
Simone De Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Microbiological Stability ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Over Time

This work was aimed to produce an “active” food ice to preserve its microbiological safety over time. With this in mind, ice cubes were processed with the addition of H2O2 to water before freezing. Four food ice productions were performed at the industrial level: one control trial without the addition of H2O2 (0OX) and three experimental trials obtained by adding 4, 8, and 12 mg/L of H2O2 (4OX, 8OX, and 12OX), respectively. After production, all food ice trials were artificially contaminated with 102 CFU/100 mL of water-borne pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enteroccus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) inoculated individually. Thawed ice samples were then subjected to microbiological analyses performed by the membrane filtration method and the results indicated that only trial 12OX was able to inactivate all bacteria strains. In conclusion, the addition of 12 mg/L H2O2 represents an optimal cost-effective strategy to preserve the microbiological stability of food ice even when it is improperly handled after production.

scholarly journals Influence of Sewage Treatment Plant Effluent on the Presence of Culturable Pathogenic Bacteria in the Water Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Gulsanga Lemar ◽  
Saleha Shahar ◽  
Abdul Rahman i Osman
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Filtration Method

The purpose of the sewage treatment process is to decrease the concentration of contaminants, including pathogens, before discharging into the receiving streams. And the standard operating procedure of STP in Malaysia is to discharge the treated wastewater with low nutrient and low organic materials into the streams but the bacterial content of the discharge and its risk to the stream’s natural microbial verity or health is unknown. However, studies reported that pathogens could escape sewage treatment plants (STPs) processes and showed health risk of streams impacted by STP effluent. On the other hand, majority of these studies relied on metagenomic strategy, without assessing changes to culturable bacteria. Isolation of living microbes provides realistic risk assessment compared to metagenome survey alone. Therefore, this study aims to determine the presence of culturable pathogenic bacteria from water impacted by STP effluent to establish justifiable public health risk. For that, the presence of bile resistant bacteria was determined from water taken from surface water receiving effluent from STP-1 (Kolej 9, UTM) in Malaysia. Enumeration and isolation of bacteria were done on MacConkey agar through membrane filtration method, followed by partial identification, using Triple Sugar Iron agar (TSI). The result showed that STP effluent changes the diversity, and abundance, of bile resistant bacteria (specifically Enterobacteriaceae family) of receiving streams. Most of the isolated bile resistant bacteria are opportunistic pathogens for human. Findings from this study provide a snapshot of the bigger picture of microbial changes in a stream impacted by STP effluent painted initially by metagenome studies. And shows that despite of treatment, some contaminants (microbes) remained and released into surface waters, which contribute to the water pollutions.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Nymphaea lotus (Linn) Extracts on Enteric Bacteria Isolated from River Ogbese, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
O. J. Adenola ◽  
A. O. Olalemi ◽  
A. O. Ogundare
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Filtration Method

The increase in multidrug resistance pathogenic bacteria and decrease in efficiency of existing antibiotics is a serious global health concern which call for development of new alternative medicine and continuous research for new classes of antimicrobial agents that can be effective in destroying these multidrug resistant pathogens without or with minimal side effect and at an affordable cost. N. lotus has been reported to possess some amount of phytochemicals such as phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids, proanthocyanidins and flavanols which may serve as an effective antimicrobial agent. This study was aimed at determining the antibacterial effect of Nymphaea lotus (Linn) extracts on enteric bacteria isolated from River Ogbese, Nigeria. Water samples were collected every week for a period of sixteen (16) weeks aseptically and transported to the laboratory for microbiological and physicochemical examinations; enteric bacteria were isolated from the water samples using membrane filtration method. Bioactive components of N. lotus were extracted using Ethanol, water and N-Hexane solvents. In-vitro antibacterial effect of N. lotus extracts was assayed using agar well diffusion technique. Results showed Shigella and faecal coliforms had the highest occurrence in the water samples at (30.19%) followed by Salmonella (20.76%) and Escherichia coli (18.87%). Physicochemical characteristics of water samples from River Ogbese showed that water temperature ranged from 22.00 to 28.10 ℃, turbidity ranged from 2.00 to 33.80 NTU and phosphate ranged from 5.45 to 68.57 mg/L respectively. Whilst the isolates had the highest total percentage resistance to Augmentin at 20.03 %, ethanol extract of N. lotus exhibited the highest mean zone of inhibition of 24.67±0.67 mm against the isolates at 100 mg/mL respectively. The findings from this study suggest N. lotus extracts to be effective in the treatment of enteric infections that may occur as a result of consumption or contact with faecal impacted water.

An Improved Membrane Filtration Method for Enumeration of Faecal Coliforms and E. Coli by a Fluorogenic β-Glucuronidase Assay

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Augoustinos ◽  
N. A. Grabow ◽  
B. Genthe ◽  
R. Kfir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Glucuronidase Assay

A fluorogenic β-glucuronidase assay comprising membrane filtration followed by selective enumeration on m-FC agar at 44.5°C and further confirmation using tlie 4-metliylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide (MUG) containing medium was evaluated for the detection of Escherichia coli in water. A total of 200 typical blue and non-typical blue colonies were isolated from sea and fresh water samples using initial selective enumeration on m-FC agar. Pure cultures of the selected colonies were further tested using the MUG assay and identified using the API 20E method. Of the colonies tested which were shown to be positive using the MUG assay 99.4% were Escherichia coli. The results of this study indicate the combination of the m-FC method followed by the MUG assay to be highly efficient for the selection and confirmation of E. coli from a wide range of environmental waters.

Pollution, Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Organic Dyes and their Catalytic Bio-Remediation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3645-3663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ismail ◽  
Kalsoom Akhtar ◽  
M.I. Khan ◽  
Tahseen Kamal ◽  
Murad A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sanitation Services

: Water pollution due to waste effluents of the textile industry is seriously causing various health problems in humans. Water pollution with pathogenic bacteria, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other microbes is due to the mixing of fecal material with drinking water, industrial and domestic sewage, pasture and agricultural runoff. Among the chemical pollutants, organic dyes due to toxic nature, are one of the major contaminants of industrial wastewater. Adequate sanitation services and drinking quality water would eliminate 200 million cases of diarrhea, which results in 2.1 million less deaths caused by diarrheal disease due to E. coli each year. Nanotechnology is an excellent platform as compared to conventional treatment methods of water treatment and remediation from microorganisms and organic dyes. In the current study, toxicity and carcinogenicity of the organic dyes have been studied as well as the remediation/inactivation of dyes and microorganism has been discussed. Remediation by biological, physical and chemical methods has been reviewed critically. A physical process like adsorption is cost-effective, but can’t degrade dyes. Biological methods were considered to be ecofriendly and cost-effective. Microbiological degradation of dyes is cost-effective, eco-friendly and alternative to the chemical reduction. Besides, certain enzymes especially horseradish peroxidase are used as versatile catalysts in a number of industrial processes. Moreover, this document has been prepared by gathering recent research works related to the dyes and microbial pollution elimination from water sources by using heterogeneous photocatalysts, metal nanoparticles catalysts, metal oxides and enzymes.

Antimicrobial properties of actively purified secondary metabolites isolated from different marine organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilushi Indika Bamunu Arachchige ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds

Background: The treatment of infection caused by pathogenic bacteria becomes one of the serious concerns globally. The failure in the treatment was found due to the exhibition of multiple resistance mechanisms against the antimicrobial agents. Emergence of resistant bacterial species has also been observed due to prolong treatment using conventional antibiotics. To combat these problems, several alternative strategies have been employed using biological and chemically synthesized compounds as antibacterial agents. Marine organisms considered as one of the potential sources for the isolation of bioactive compounds due to the easily available, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. Methods: The online search methodology was adapted for the collection of information related to the antimicrobial properties of marine-derived compounds. These compound has been isolated and purified by different purification techniques, and their structure also characterized. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities have been reported by using broth microdilution as well as disc diffusion assays. Results: The present review paper describes the antimicrobial effect of diverse secondary metabolites which are isolated and purified from the different marine organisms. The structural elucidation of each secondary metabolite has also been done in the present paper, which will help for the in silico designing of the novel and potent antimicrobial compounds. Conclusion: A thorough literature search has been made and summarizes the list of antimicrobial compounds that are isolated from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic marine organisms. The information obtained from the present paper will be helpful for the application of marine compounds as antimicrobial agents against different antibiotic-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.

The CSF p-tau181/Aβ42 Ratio Offers a Good Accuracy “In Vivo” in the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Santangelo ◽  
Alessandro Dell'Edera ◽  
Arianna Sala ◽  
Giordano Cecchetti ◽  
Federico Masserini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Daily Clinical Practice ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Csf Findings

Background: The incoming disease-modifying therapies against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) require reliable diagnostic markers to correctly enroll patients all over the world. CSF AD biomarkers, namely amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181), showed good diagnostic accuracy in detecting AD pathology, but their real usefulness in daily clinical practice is still a matter of debate. Therefore, further validation in complex clinical settings, that is patients with different types of dementia, is needed to uphold their future worldwide adoption. Methods: We measured CSF AD biomarkers’ concentrations in a sample of 526 patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia (277 with AD and 249 with Other Type of Dementia, OTD). Brain FDG-PET was also considered in a subsample of 54 patients with a mismatch between the clinical diagnosis and the CSF findings. Results: A p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio higher than 0.13 showed the best diagnostic performance in differentiating AD from OTD (86% accuracy index, 74% sensitivity, 81% specificity). In cases with a mismatch between clinical diagnosis and CSF findings, brain FDG-PET partially agreed with the p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio, thus determining an increase in CSF accuracy. Conclusions: The p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio alone might reliably detect AD pathology in heterogeneous samples of patients suffering from different types of dementia. It might constitute a simple, cost-effective and reproducible in vivo proxy of AD suitable to be adopted worldwide not only in daily clinical practice but also in future experimental trials, to avoid the enrolment of misdiagnosed AD patients.

scholarly journals In silico characterization and structural modeling of bacterial metalloprotease of family M4

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnee Hasan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Haq Rony ◽  
Rasel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Transmembrane Helix ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Potential Drug Targets

Abstract Background The M4 family of metalloproteases is comprised of a large number of zinc-containing metalloproteases. A large number of these enzymes are important virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria and therefore potential drug targets. Whereas some enzymes have potential for biotechnological applications, the M4 family of metalloproteases is known almost exclusively from bacteria. The aim of the study was to identify the structure and properties of M4 metalloprotease proteins. Results A total of 31 protein sequences of M4 metalloprotease retrieved from UniProt representing different species of bacteria have been characterized for various physiochemical properties. They were thermostable, hydrophillic protein of a molecular mass ranging from 38 to 66 KDa. Correlation on the basis of both enzymes and respective genes has also been studied by phylogenetic tree. B. cereus M4 metalloprotease (PDB ID: 1NPC) was selected as a representative species for secondary and tertiary structures among the M4 metalloprotease proteins. The secondary structure displaying 11 helices (H1-H11) is involved in 15 helix-helix interactions, while 4 β-sheet motifs composed of 15 β-strands in PDBsum. Possible disulfide bridges were absent in most of the cases. The tertiary structure of B. cereus M4 metalloprotease was validated by QMEAN4 and SAVES server (Ramachandran plot, verify 3D, and ERRAT) which proved the stability, reliability, and consistency of the tertiary structure of the protein. Functional analysis was done in terms of membrane protein topology, disease-causing region prediction, proteolytic cleavage sites prediction, and network generation. Transmembrane helix prediction showed absence of transmembrane helix in protein. Protein-protein interaction networks demonstrated that bacillolysin of B. cereus interacted with ten other proteins in a high confidence score. Five disorder regions were identified. Active sites analysis showed the zinc-binding residues—His-143, His-147, and Glu-167, with Glu-144 acting as the catalytic residues. Conclusion Moreover, this theoretical overview will help researchers to get a details idea about the protein structure and it may also help to design enzymes with desirable characteristics for exploiting them at industrial level or potential drug targets.

Examining the Relationship Between Racialized Poverty Segregation and Hazardous Industrial Facilities in the U.S. Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110134
Author(s):  
Kerry Ard ◽  
Kevin Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Over Time

Scholars interested in understanding the unequal exposure to environmental harms by race and class have often relied on urban sociological theory. Specifically, the argument that the outmigration of middle-class Whites and African Americans from America’s industrial areas, as well as the decline in manufacturing employment in these communities, concentrated minority poverty around industrial sites. These nested, community-level, processes have not yet been measured as such in the environmental inequality literature. This article addresses this limitation by using spatial measures of poverty segregation between and within racial groups. Multilevel models are presented that examine how the density of industrial facilities is related to the economic health of a host-tract, the broader economic context of the county, and the level of poverty segregation (both within and between racial/ethnic groups). Results demonstrate that there is a spatial separation of the economic benefits and environmental harms across the United States, a pattern that has remained consistent over time.

scholarly journals Detection of Food Spoilage and Pathogenic Bacteria Based on Ligation Detection Reaction Coupled to Flow-Through Hybridization on Membranes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Böhme ◽  
P. Cremonesi ◽  
M. Severgnini ◽  
Tomás G. Villa ◽  
I. C. Fernández-No ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Ligation Detection Reaction ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Food Safety And Quality

Traditional culturing methods are still commonly applied for bacterial identification in the food control sector, despite being time and labor intensive. Microarray technologies represent an interesting alternative. However, they require higher costs and technical expertise, making them still inappropriate for microbial routine analysis. The present study describes the development of an efficient method for bacterial identification based on flow-through reverse dot-blot (FT-RDB) hybridization on membranes, coupled to the high specific ligation detection reaction (LDR). First, the methodology was optimized by testing different types of ligase enzymes, labeling, and membranes. Furthermore, specific oligonucleotide probes were designed based on the 16S rRNA gene, using the bioinformatic tool Oligonucleotide Retrieving for Molecular Applications (ORMA). Four probes were selected and synthesized, being specific forAeromonasspp.,Pseudomonasspp.,Shewanellaspp., andMorganella morganii, respectively. For the validation of the probes, 16 reference strains from type culture collections were tested by LDR and FT-RDB hybridization using universal arrays spotted onto membranes. In conclusion, the described methodology could be applied for the rapid, accurate, and cost-effective identification of bacterial species, exhibiting special relevance in food safety and quality.

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