scholarly journals Composting and Methane Emissions of Coffee By-Products

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153
Author(s):  
Macarena San Martin Ruiz ◽  
Martin Reiser ◽  
Martin Kranert
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Input Material ◽  
Land Cultivation ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
By Products ◽  
Product Quantification

In the last 20 years, the demand for coffee production has increased detrimentally, heightening the need for production, which is currently driving the increase in land cultivation for coffee. However, this increase in production ultimately leads to the amplification of waste produced. This study aims to develop an experimental methodology for sustainable coffee by-products (Pulp (CP)) in Costa Rica for nutrient-rich compost. The performance of the experiments is to explore and optimize composting processes following its key parameters. This will allow quantifying the emissions rate to obtain an emission factor for CP during the open composting process and optimizing the conditions to minimize CH4 emissions using P and green waste (GW) materials. Five CP and GW mixtures were analyzed for the composting process for ten weeks, acting P as primary input material as a by-product. Quantification of the methane emissions was performed in two areas: composting area and open field deposition. Peak temperatures of compost appeared at twenty-five days for control and five days for GW added treatments. CP emission factors provide a similar result with the standard values recommended by the literature, accomplishing the emission reductions. Thus, this study designed and validated a sustainable protocol for transforming coffee by-products into compost.

scholarly journals Monomers, Materials and Energy from Coffee By-Products: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6921
Author(s):  
Laura Sisti ◽  
Annamaria Celli ◽  
Grazia Totaro ◽  
Patrizia Cinelli ◽  
Francesca Signori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Material Technology ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
By Products

In recent years, the circular economy and sustainability have gained attention in the food industry aimed at recycling food industrial waste and residues. For example, several plant-based materials are nowadays used in packaging and biofuel production. Among them, by-products and waste from coffee processing constitute a largely available, low cost, good quality resource. Coffee production includes many steps, in which by-products are generated including coffee pulp, coffee husks, silver skin and spent coffee. This review aims to analyze the reasons why coffee waste can be considered as a valuable source in recycling strategies for the sustainable production of bio-based chemicals, materials and fuels. It addresses the most recent advances in monomer, polymer and plastic filler productions and applications based on the development of viable biorefinery technologies. The exploration of strategies to unlock the potential of this biomass for fuel productions is also revised. Coffee by-products valorization is a clear example of waste biorefinery. Future applications in areas such as biomedicine, food packaging and material technology should be taken into consideration. However, further efforts in techno-economic analysis and the assessment of the feasibility of valorization processes on an industrial scale are needed.

scholarly journals A Study about Methane Emissions from Different Composting Systems for Coffee By-products on Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena San Martin Ruiz ◽  
Martin Reiser ◽  
Gerold Hafner ◽  
Martin Kranert
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Composting Systems ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Carrying Capacity for Ruminant Based on Plantation Byproducts and Potency of Enteric Methane Emission

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Gresy Eva Tresia ◽  
Wisri Puastuti ◽  
Ismeth Inounu
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Byproducts ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Material Utilization ◽  
By Products

Feed is one of the main pillars that need to be considered in optimizing production parameters in order to develop an efficient livestock business. Two aspects that need to be considered in order to make agricultural byproducts as a source of feed; those are the availability of raw materials for animal rations with high economic value and the function to  reduce environmental pollution. Methane emissions are not only related to environmental problems, but also reflect the loss of some energy from livestock so that it cannot be used for the production process. The purpose of this paper is to review and estimate the carrying capacity for ruminant based on plantation by-products based feed and potential enteric methane emissions. The availability of feed from agricultural byproducts in Indonesia is estimated at 69.6 million tonnes of dry matter (DM), 34.8 million of total digestible nutrient (TDN), and 5 million tonnes of crude protein (CP)/year so it is estimated that it can accommodate 62.4 million livestock unit (LU) based on the DM availability or 39.1 million LU based on TDN availability or 51.6 million LU based on CP availability. From these calculations, it was found that the carrying capacity for ruminant in Indonesia could still be increased much greater than the current livestock population, namely 21.7-45 million livestock units if all byproducts are used entirely as components in rations. There are two groups of feed originating from plantation byproducts based on the potential for methane emissions produced, namely low (65-73 g CH4 / kg of material) and high (83-103 g CH4 / kg of material). Utilization of plantation byproducts as ruminant feed is expected to overcome the shortage of forage, especially during dry season. Utilization of these byproducts which in line with efforts to reduce methane emissions would enhance the development of livestock populations in friendly environment.

Greenhouse-gas mitigation potential of agro-industrial by-products in the diet of dairy goats in Spain: a life-cycle perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 646 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pardo ◽  
I. Martin-Garcia ◽  
A. Arco ◽  
D. R. Yañez-Ruiz ◽  
R. Moral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
By Products

Goat milk production is an important agricultural resource in the Mediterranean basin. Market demands and scarcity of pastures during drought periods has led to farms becoming more intensive and based on imported concentrate feeds. The use of alternative feedstuffs from agro-industry can help decrease dependence on external concentrates, while preventing the environmental issues associated with livestock production and by-product disposal. From a life-cycle assessment perspective, we investigated the change on greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions of replacing a conventional dairy goat diet in southern Spain with two alternative dietary strategies, including tomato waste or olive by-products silages. The effect on enteric methane emissions and milk productivity was assessed through specific feeding trials. Experimental data were integrated within a modelling framework comprising different submodels to describe the farm system and associated production chain. A new model describing carbon and nitrogen losses from solid waste was applied to estimate the emissions associated with the baseline scenarios for food by-product management. The assessment revealed that the two dietary strategies achieve GHG reductions (~12–19% per kg milk). In both cases, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from crop production were partially reduced through the displacement of typical concentrate ingredients. An additional mitigation effect was obtained when including tomato wastes in the diet because it reduced the methane emissions from enteric fermentation. Results suggested that use of agro-industrial residues for feeding is a feasible mitigation option in this case. However, as organic by-products could have alternative uses (bioenergy, soil amendment), with different implications for land use and soil carbon stocks, a more complete overview of both scenarios is recommended. Potential trade-offs from non-GHG categories may play an important role in a decision-making process.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mineral Macronutrients Kinetics During Faeces-Based Composting Process in Composting Toilets

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (36) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Effebi Kokoh Rose ◽  
Kouame Bene Lucien ◽  
Kouassi Yeboua Firmin ◽  
Kouadio Louis ◽  
Gone Droh Lancine
Keyword(s):  
Additional Time ◽  
Total N ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Composting Toilets ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Stable Variation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
By Products

Given the environmental concerns and public health risks that could arise, the use of composting toilets by-products requires compliance with quality standards beforehand. However, such quality assessment is often lacking for those by-products in rapidly urbanizing sub-Saharan cities. This study examines the kinetics of major mineral nutrients [i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), which are among the key indicators of a compost’s stability] during a composting process of fecal matters from composting toilets. The monitoring was carried out at Abobo-Sagbé, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire over a 4.5-month period. Feces-based compost data collected on 6 different dates (i.e., on the 28th , 48th , 62nd , 76th , 90th , and 133nd day from the start of the composting process) were analyzed, and screened for their contents in total N, total P and K. Results showed a rapid decrease of the content of all three elements during the first 29 days, followed by a sharp increase, especially for P and K, and then a quite stable variation during the last 2 months of the monitoring. Variations of C/N ratio during the study were similar to those reported previously. Although the proportions of P and K were satisfactory at the end of the monitoring period, the final C/N ratio was relatively high compared to suitable ratios characterizing mature composts, suggesting therefore additional time may be required before any use of the compost as fertilizer in agriculture.

scholarly journals Compaction Process as a Concept of Press-Cake Production from Organic Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Sobczak ◽  
Kazimierz Zawiślak ◽  
Agnieszka Starek ◽  
Wioletta Żukiewicz-Sobczak ◽  
Agnieszka Sagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
New Product ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compaction Process ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Input Material ◽  
The Rich ◽  
By Products

As a result of agri-food production large amounts of organic waste are created in the form of press cakes. Until now, they were mainly used as animal fodder and also utilized for biofuels production. No other way usage has been found yet. A large quantity of these by-products is usually discarded in open areas, which leads to potentially serious environmental problems. The rich chemical composition of these waste products makes it possible to use them for producing other food products valuable for consumers. Based on the test results obtained, it can be stated that moisture content of press cakes is varied and depends on the input material. However, appropriately composed mixtures of various waste products and a properly conducted compaction process allows for obtaining a new product with functional properties. In addition, application of honey powder and starch tablet coating creates a product of resistant to compression and cutting. Results seem to have commercial importance, as they demonstrate that properly processed by-products can be used in food preparations as dietary supplements.

scholarly journals Alterations in Energy Partitioning and Methane Emissions in Murciano-Granadina Goats Fed Orange Leaves and Rice Straw as a Replacement for Beet Pulp and Barley Straw

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Tamara Romero ◽  
José L. Palomares ◽  
Vicente J. Moya ◽  
Juan J. Loor ◽  
Carlos Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
By Products

Considering the huge quantities of crops by-products and pruning waste such as rice straw and citrus leaves produced annually worldwide, and their potential pollution capacity, recycling as feed for livestock is an alternative. The objective was to study these by-products effect on energy balance and methane emissions in 10 Murciano-Granadina goats at maintenance. The control diet (CTR) included barley straw and beet pulp while the experimental diet (ORG) consisted of rice straw and orange leaves. Differences were found for energy intake (248 kJ/kg of BW0.75 greater for CTR than ORG). The intake of metabolizable energy was 199 kJ/kg of BW0.75 lower in ORG than CTR, and the energy efficiency was higher with CTR (0.61) than ORG (0.48). Protein retained in the body was 9 g/goat greater with CTR than ORG, and fat retention in the body was approximately 108 g/goat greater with CTR than ORG. Despite more unfavorable energy balance in response to feeding ORG than CTR, the retention of body energy was always positive. Reductions in CH4 emissions were detected when goats were fed ORG diet (from 22.3 to 20.0 g/d). Overall results suggested that feeding orange leaves and rice straw was effective in reducing CH4 emissions without adversely affecting energy balance.

scholarly journals Examination and statistical evaluation of physico-chemical parameters of windrow composting

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Edit Gorliczay ◽  
János Tamás ◽  
Sándor Kun ◽  
László Huzsvai ◽  
László Bárány
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Repeated Measurement ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Windrow Composting ◽  
By Products

  The treatment and utilization of plant and animal waste and by-products from agriculture is very diverse. Traditional environmental management practices for waste management have been retained through soil conservation and the applied of recycle degradable organic substances in soil. The management of by-products from agriculture (animal husbandry) is important because a closed loop can be created to utilize by-products (manure, feathers) from the production of the main product (eggs, meat, milk) and to form a raw material for a new product. It is important to treat the resulting by-products, especially deep-litter manure, as it has served as a basis for compost-treated manure to develop an organic-based, soil-conditioning product line. Poultry manure by itself is not suitable as a substrate for aerobic decomposition, so it has to be mixed with other substances (zeolite, bentonite, soil), because of its high nutrient capacity, it is an acidifying substance. The aim of this study was to compost the mixture of poultry manure and hen manure by the addition of zeolite and to monitor the composting process. It was also our aim to statistically determine the effect of the zeolite on parameters describing the composting process. The windrow composting experiments were set up in the composting area of the University of Debrecen, Institute of Water and Environmental Management. The composting experiment was 62 days long, during which the main parameters describing the composting process were continuously monitored: temperature (°C), moisture content (w/w%), electrical conductivity (mS/cm), organic matter content (w/w%), examination of nitrogen forms (w/w%). In this study, three factors were investigated: temperature, humidity, and pH. For statistical evaluation, R software and RStudio user interface were used. We developed a repeated measurement model, in which the fixed and random effects were determined for our parameters under study, and the resulting relationships were shown on interaction plots. Based on our results, the temperature of the prisms has become independent of the ambient temperature and the composting stages can be separated in both the control and the zeolite treated prisms. In the repeated measurement model, we proved that treatment, time and treatment: time interaction were significant at both temperature and pH.

scholarly journals Enteric Methane Emissions of Dairy Cows Predicted from Fatty Acid Profiles of Milk, Cream, Cheese, Ricotta, Whey, and Scotta

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bittante ◽  
Matteo Bergamaschi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cream Cheese ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Fresh Products ◽  
By Products

Enteric methane emissions (EME) of ruminants contribute to global climate change, but any attempt to reduce it will need an easy, inexpensive, and accurate method of quantification. We used a promising indirect method for estimating EMEs of lactating dairy cows based on the analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profile of their milk. The aim of this preliminary study was to assess milk from four single samplings (morning whole, evening whole, evening partially skimmed, and vat milks) as alternatives to reference whole milk samples from two milkings. Three fresh products (cream, cheese, and ricotta), two by-products (whey and scotta), and two long-ripened cheeses (6 and 12 months) were also assessed as alternative sources of information to reference milk. The 11 alternative matrices were obtained from seven experimental cheese- and ricotta-making sessions carried out every two weeks following the artisanal Malga cheese-making procedure using milk from 148 dairy cows kept on summer highland pastures. A total of 131 samples of milk, dairy products, and by-products were analyzed to determine the milk composition and to obtain detailed FA profiles using bi-dimensional gas-chromatography. Two equations taken from a published meta-analysis of methane emissions measured in the respiration chambers of cows on 30 different diets were applied to the proportions of butyric, iso-palmitic, iso-oleic, vaccenic, oleic, and linoleic acids out of total FAs to predict methane yield per kg of dry matter ingested and methane intensity per kg of fat and protein corrected milk produced by the cows. Methane yield and intensity could be predicted from single milk samples with good accuracy (trueness and precision) with respect to those predicted from reference milk. The fresh products (cream, cheese and ricotta) generally showed good levels of trueness but low precision for predicting both EME traits, which means that a greater number of samples needs to be analyzed. Among by-products, whey could be a viable alternative source of information for predicting both EME traits, whereas scotta overestimated both traits and showed low precision (due also to its very low fat content). Long-ripened cheeses were found to be less valuable sources of information, although six-month cheese could, with specific correction factors, be acceptable sources of information for predicting the methane yield of lactating cows. These preliminary results need to be confirmed by further study on different dairy systems and cheese-making technologies but offer new insight into a possible easy method for monitoring the EME at the field level along the dairy chain.

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