scholarly journals Are Sarcopenia and Cognitive Dysfunction Comorbid after Stroke in the Context of Brain–Muscle Crosstalk?

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Sophia X. Sui ◽  
Brenton Hordacre ◽  
Julie A. Pasco
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Physiological Pathways ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improve Health

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability and is responsible for a significant economic burden. Sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction are common consequences of stroke, but there is less awareness of the concurrency of these conditions. In addition, few reviews are available to guide clinicians and researchers on how to approach sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction as comorbidities after stroke, including how to assess and manage them and implement interventions to improve health outcomes. This review synthesises current knowledge about the relationship between post-stroke sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction, including the physiological pathways, assessment tools, and interventions involved.

Interactions Between Food and Gut Microbiota: Impact on Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbei Wu ◽  
Jiawei Wan ◽  
Uyory Choe ◽  
Quynhchi Pham ◽  
Norberta W. Schoene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Human Health ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Food Components ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the relationship between food and the gut microbiota, their interactions, and how each modulates the other is critical for successful promotion of human health. This review seeks to summarize ( a) the current knowledge on the effects of food and food components on gut microbiota and ( b) the association between gut microbiota, consumption of food, and food bioactive components and the resulting beneficial health outcomes. Our goal is to provide state-of-the-art information on food and gut microbiota interactions and to stimulate discussions and research approaches that will move the field forward.

GED Privatization as a Social Determinant of Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Page-Reeves ◽  
Enrique Cardiel
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Neoliberal Restructuring ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health ◽  
Improve Health

This article explores a novel place-based effort to improve health outcomes in a ten-square block neighborhood in Albuquerque, New Mexico by assisting people with obtaining a GED. Research conducted as a community-engaged study documents the history and preliminary outcomes of the initiative and how, in the context of the recent privatization of the GED, the welfare of individuals intersects with neoliberal politics. This research offers a timely investigation of the relationship between health and education in the context of ongoing neoliberal restructuring.

scholarly journals Democracy and Health: Evidence from Within-Country Heterogeneity in the Congo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cornelis van der Windt ◽  
Sotiris Vandoros
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Household Data ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improve Health

The literature documents a positive association between democracy and health, and studies supporting this claim have largely relied on cross-country panel analyses. In many developing countries, however, local traditional leaders at the micro-level play a key role in individuals' daily lives while the influence of the national government is largely negligible. In response, this study revisits the relationship between democracy and health using micro-level household data from 816 randomly selected villages in Eastern Congo. We find little or no evidence that health outcomes are better in villages that are governed by elected leaders compared to villages where leaders are not elected. Our data suggest that efforts to improve health outcomes in this setting may need to focus on issues such as gender discrimination and education.

scholarly journals SOCIO-DETERMINANTS OF FRAILTY: HAVE THEY CHANGED OVER TIME?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S226-S226
Author(s):  
Fiona Matthews ◽  
andria Mousa ◽  
Carol Jagger
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
High Deprivation ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Improve Health

Abstract Socioeconomic inequalities are important drivers of negative health outcomes. This study investigates the effect of social determinants on health using frailty from two studies 20-year apart and examines whether socio-economic differences are widening. A 30-item deficit accumulation score from the baseline data from the two Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies, 1991 (n=7,635) and 2011 (n=7,762) was calculated. For each of the two cohorts separately, binomial regression investigated the relationship between frailty and social determinants. Deprivation was most strongly associated with frailty among the other social determinants. The effect of high deprivation, when compared the lowest tertile, increased in CFAS II (CFAS I: RR=1.21, 95%CI:1.11-1.31; CFAS II: RR=1.47(95%CI: 1.36-1.59). Inequalities in frailty have increased over time, particularly in terms of deprivation. This has important implications for health policy as focusing policies including specific interventions and resources in more deprived areas could greatly improve health outcomes for those areas.

scholarly journals 1256Psychological impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on individuals living with multiple sclerosis: a rapid systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Zarghami ◽  
Akhtar Hussain ◽  
Julie Campbell ◽  
Chigozie Ezegbe ◽  
Ingrid van der Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background People living with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are considered potentially vulnerable to the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, as they may be subject to increased social isolation. We aimed to systematically review the current evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health outcomes among PwMS. Methods We searched four major databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsychInfo and Scopus). We included peer-reviewed primary research studies using validated quality of life (QoL) and psychometric screening tools reporting data on the prevalence of mental health disorders, the severity of psychological symptoms and contributing demographic and clinical factors for PwMS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Our initial search yielded 121 records; 12 articles were included. Most were conducted during the peak of the pandemic-related lockdown in the host country via an online platform. The included studies used a variety of outcome assessment tools and study designs. The main mental health outcomes were depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality and QoL. As a result, although the prevalence of mental health issues such as depression and anxiety appear to be high among PwMS during the pandemic, the impact of the pandemic on mental health among PwMS remains unclear. Conclusions Although mental health issues such as anxiety and depression appear fairly common among PwMS during the pandemic, the relationship between the pandemic and mental health among PwMS remains unclear. Key messages Despite a high prevalence of mental health issues among PwMS during the pandemic, the relationship between the pandemic and mental health remains unclear.

Association of Micro RNA and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 1781-1790
Author(s):  
Noor Anisah Abu Yazit ◽  
Norsham Juliana ◽  
Srijit Das ◽  
Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng ◽  
Nadia Mohd Fahmy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
System Development ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
A Genome

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) refers to the condition of neurocognitive decline following surgery in a cognitive and sensory manner. There are several risk factors, which may be life-threatening for this condition. Neuropsychological assessment of this condition is very important. In the present review, we discuss the association of apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE ε4) and few miRNAs with POCD, and highlight the clinical importance for prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of POCD. Microarray is a genome analysis that can be used to determine DNA abnormalities. This current technique is rapid, efficient and high-throughout. Microarray techniques are widely used to diagnose diseases, particularly in genetic disorder, chromosomal abnormalities, mutations, infectious diseases and disease-relevant biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that are widely found distributed in eukaryotes. Few miRNAs influence the nervous system development, and nerve damage repair. Microarray approach can be utilized to understand the miRNAs involved and their pathways in POCD development, unleashing their potential to be considered as a diagnostic marker for POCD. This paper summarizes and identifies the studies that use microarray based approaches for POCD analysis. Since the application of microarray in POCD is expanding, there is a need to review the current knowledge of this approach.

scholarly journals Remedying the Mitochondria to Cure Human Diseases by Natural Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jian-Kang Mu ◽  
Yan-Qin Li ◽  
Ting-Ting Shi ◽  
Li-Ping Yu ◽  
Ya-Qin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Regulation ◽  
The Relationship

Mitochondria are the ‘engine’ of cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important mechanism in many human diseases. Many natural products could remedy the mitochondria to alleviate mitochondria-involved diseases. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of the relationship between the mitochondria and human diseases and the regulation of natural products to the mitochondria. We proposed that the development of mitochondrial regulators/nutrients from natural products to remedy mitochondrial dysfunction represents an attractive strategy for a mitochondria-involved disorder therapy. Moreover, investigating the mitochondrial regulation of natural products can potentiate the in-depth comprehension of the mechanism of action of natural products.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Chae Bin Lee ◽  
Soon Uk Chae ◽  
Seong Jun Jo ◽  
Ui Min Jerng ◽  
Soo Kyung Bae
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
The Relationship

Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its mechanism of modulating glucose metabolism is elusive. Recent advances have identified the gut as a potential target of metformin. As patients with metabolic disorders exhibit dysbiosis, the gut microbiome has garnered interest as a potential target for metabolic disease. Henceforth, studies have focused on unraveling the relationship of metabolic disorders with the human gut microbiome. According to various metagenome studies, gut dysbiosis is evident in T2DM patients. Besides this, alterations in the gut microbiome were also observed in the metformin-treated T2DM patients compared to the non-treated T2DM patients. Thus, several studies on rodents have suggested potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome, including regulation of glucose metabolism, an increase in short-chain fatty acids, strengthening intestinal permeability against lipopolysaccharides, modulating the immune response, and interaction with bile acids. Furthermore, human studies have demonstrated evidence substantiating the hypotheses based on rodent studies. This review discusses the current knowledge of how metformin modulates T2DM with respect to the gut microbiome and discusses the prospect of harnessing this mechanism in treating T2DM.

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