scholarly journals Lifestyle and Hepatocellular Carcinoma What Is the Evidence and Prevention Recommendations

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Shira Zelber-Sagi ◽  
Mazen Noureddin ◽  
Oren Shibolet
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Measures

The increasing burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) emphasizes the unmet need for primary prevention. Lifestyle measures appear to be important modifiable risk factors for HCC regardless of its etiology. Lifestyle patterns, as a whole and each component separately, are related to HCC risk. Dietary composition is important beyond obesity. Consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as fish and poultry, are inversely associated with HCC, while red meat, saturated fat, and cholesterol are related to increased risk. Sugar consumption is associated with HCC risk, while fiber and vegetable intake is protective. Data from multiple studies clearly show a beneficial effect for physical activity in reducing the risk of HCC. However, the duration, mode and intensity of physical activity needed are yet to be determined. There is evidence that smoking can lead to liver fibrosis and liver cancer and has a synergistic effect with alcohol drinking. On the other hand, an excessive amount of alcohol by itself has been associated with increased risk of HCC directly (carcinogenic effect) or indirectly (liver fibrosis and cirrhosis progression. Large-scale intervention studies testing the effect of comprehensive lifestyle interventions on HCC prevention among diverse cohorts of liver disease patients are greatly warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of NV556, a Novel Cyclophilin Inhibitor, as a Potential Antifibrotic Compound for Liver Fibrosis

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Simón Serrano ◽  
Alvar Grönberg ◽  
Lisa Longato ◽  
Krista Rombouts ◽  
Joseph Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Stellate Cell ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Fibrotic Process ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cyclophilin Inhibitor

Hepatic fibrosis can result as a pathological response to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cirrhosis, the late stage of fibrosis, has been linked to poor survival and an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, with limited treatment options available. Therefore, there is an unmet need for novel effective antifibrotic compounds. Cyclophilins are peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases that facilitate protein folding and conformational changes affecting the function of the targeted proteins. Due to their activity, cyclophilins have been presented as key factors in several stages of the fibrotic process. In this study, we investigated the antifibrotic effects of NV556, a novel potent sanglifehrin-based cyclophilin inhibitor, in vitro and in vivo. NV556 potential antifibrotic effect was evaluated in two well-established animal models of NASH, STAM, and methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) mice, as well as in an in vitro 3D human liver ECM culture of LX2 cells, a human hepatic stellate cell line. We demonstrate that NV556 decreased liver fibrosis in both STAM and MCD in vivo models and decreased collagen production in TGFβ1-activated hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Taken together, these results present NV556 as a potential candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals The Determinant of Hypertension on Pre-Elderly and Elderly Prolanis in Sukowono Primary Health Center Jember Regency in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ardhi Nur Rahmad ◽  
Farida Wahyu Ningtyias ◽  
Ninna Rohmawati
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Primary Health Center ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sodium Consumption

Hypertension is a main health problem throughout the world, in addition to its high prevalence, hypertension is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The reasearch was to analyze the relation between levels of sosialeconomic, levels of sodium and saturated fat consumption, the levels of physical activity, nutritional status, coffee, smoking, and the levels of stress with hypertension of Prolanis pre-elderly and elderly in Sukowono Primary Health Center, Jember Regency. The research was observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The population of this research were 48 respondents. The sampling technique was total sampling. The data analyzed by using bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test. The result of analysis in this research showed that there was a correlation between the level of sodium consumption with the incidence of hypertension. There was no correlation between socioeconomic (employment and the minimum earning) (p-value = 0.282 and p-value = 0.770 > 0.05), the levels of saturated fat (p-value = 1.000 > 0.05), the levels of physical activity (p-value = 0.074 > 0.05), nutritional status (p-value = 0.799 > 0.05), consumption coffee (p-value = 1.000 > 0.05), smoking (p-value = 1.000 > 0.05), and the levels of stress (p-value = 0.126 > 0.05) with hypertension. There was correlation between the levels of sodium consumption with hypertension (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05).

scholarly journals Body Mass Index of children and adolescent participants in a voucher program designed to incentivise participation in sport and physical activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Owen ◽  
B Bellew ◽  
Bridget C Foley ◽  
Adrian Bauman ◽  
Lindsey J Reece
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Disadvantaged Area ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background There has been limited population-level success in tackling overweight and obesity. The Active Kids program is a state-wide intervention that aims to increase participation in organised physical activity and sport among children and adolescents in NSW, Australia. This study profiled children and adolescents who registered for the Active Kids program by examining the prevalence of overweight and obesity across subgroups and by social disadvantage in this sample. MethodsFor participating children, each parent or carer was required to complete an online registration form with information about the child’s height, weight, physical activity, sport participation, age, sex, primary language spoken at home, Aboriginality, disability status and postcode. Descriptive statistics were used to profile children and adolescents who registered in the program and multinomial regression models were used to determine which demographic characteristics were associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity. Results In 2018, 671,375 parents registered a child or adolescent for the Active Kids Program. Among these children and adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.2% and 7.6%, respectively. A large number of children and adolescents who lived in the most disadvantaged area (n = 99,583; 14.8%) registered for the program. There was a clear socio-economic gradient for obesity prevalence across areas of increasing disadvantage, with children and adolescents living in the most disadvantaged area being 1.87 (95% CIs 1.82, 1.93) times more likely to be overweight or obese compared with children and adolescents living in the least disadvantaged area. Conclusions The Active Kids program successfully reached a substantial proportion of overweight and obese children from socially disadvantaged backgrounds, providing financial support and opportunities for these children to participate in organised sport and physical activity. However, the program did not reach all children, and additional physical activity promotion strategies may be needed in a comprehensive approach. Nonetheless, these findings support government investment in reaching childhood overweight and obesity with large-scale programs.

scholarly journals Comparison of the General Dietary Habits and Lifestyle between Before and During COVID-19 among the Saudi Adult's Population in Riyadh

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouf A. ALkharashi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The global outbreak of COVID-19, for which there is few evidence-based effective vaccines or treatments available yet, has led to many attempts to find alternative options. Objective: This study aimed to compare the general dietary habits and lifestyle between before and during COVID-19 among the Saudi adult population in Riyadh Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, targeting the Riyadh population, from 16 May 2020 to 16 June 2020. The study comprised a structured questionnaire design that inquired demographic information examples include:(age, gender, place of residence, and health status); dietary habits information (daily intake of certain foods, food frequency, number of meals/days, and number of times drinking the tea and coffee); lifestyle habits information (physical activity, sleep quality, time that spend using the internet, social media and electronic devices for fun daily and stresses) using Google form. A total of 1,193 participants have been included in the study aged over 18 years. Results: During the COVID-19 period, a significant increase in the number of meals eaten daily, the number of times of fruits and vegetable intake, the number of sweets, cakes, and biscuits, the number of hours of sleep per day, the time using the internet and social media were observed more than at in the before COVID-19 pandemic period. However, the number of running exercise or physical activity were significantly reduced. Conclusion: In this study, the dietary and lifestyle habits have changed among the Saudis during the COVID-19 period. Future large-scale similar studies should be undertaken to confirm the results of the study.

scholarly journals Sleeping Duration, Napping and Snoring in Association with Diabetes Control among Patients with Diabetes in Qatar

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4017
Author(s):  
Hiba Bawadi ◽  
Asma Al Sada ◽  
Noof Al Mansoori ◽  
Sharifa Al Mannai ◽  
Aya Hamdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
And Gender

Background: Poor glycemic control is associated with chronic life-threatening complications. Several studies have revealed that sleep status is associated with glycemic control. Aim: to examine the association between sleep duration, quality and glycemic control among adults with diabetes. Methods: Data on 2500 participants aged 18–60 years were collected from the Qatar Biobank (QBB). Sleep duration and quality were assessed by a self-completed health and lifestyle questionnaire, and glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between sleep duration, napping, snoring and poor glycemic control. Results: After adjusting for age and gender, sleep duration was not associated with poor glycemic control. Lack of association persisted after controlling for smoking, physical activity, education, BMI, fruit and vegetable intake, insulin and medication use. However, sleeping for long hours at night (≥8 h) had a trend in increasing the risk of poor glycemic control (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 0.94–1.74). Napping was positively associated with poor glycemic control. After adjusting for age and gender, patients who reported “sometimes, frequently, or always” napping had more than 30% increased risk of poor control as compared to patients who reported “never/rarely” napping. Snoring was not associated with poor glycemic control among the study sample when adjusted for age and gender (p = 0.61). Other factors were found to be associated with a better glycemic control such as female, high educational and high physical activity level. Conclusions: our results suggest that napping may be an independent risk factor for a poor glycemic control in diabetes; further investigations are required.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Is Associated With Lower Long-Term Incidence of Anxiety in a Population-Based, Large-Scale Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Svensson ◽  
Lena Brundin ◽  
Sophie Erhardt ◽  
Ulf Hållmarker ◽  
Stefan James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Patient Registries ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Observational Study Design ◽  
The Impact

Physical activity may prevent anxiety, but the importance of exercise intensity, sex-specific mechanisms, and duration of the effects remains largely unknown. We used an observational study design to follow 395,369 individuals for up to 21 years to investigate if participation in an ultralong-distance cross-country ski race (Vasaloppet, up to 90 km) was associated with a lower risk of developing anxiety. Skiers in the race and matched non-skiers from the general population were studied after participation in the race using the Swedish population and patient registries. Skiers (n = 197,685, median age 36 years, 38% women) had a significantly lower risk of developing anxiety during the follow-up compared to non-skiers (adjusted hazard ratio, HR 0.42). However, among women, higher physical performance (measured as the finishing time to complete the race, a proxy for higher exercise dose) was associated with an increased risk of anxiety compared to slower skiing women (HR 2.00). For men, the finishing time of the race did not significantly impact the risk of anxiety. Our results support the recommendations of engaging in physical activity to decrease the risk of anxiety in both men and women. The impact of physical performance level on the risk of anxiety requires further investigations among women.

Effects of the Youth Fit for Life Protocol on Physiological, Psychological, and Behavioral Factors at YMCA Calgary After-School Care Sites

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Annesi ◽  
Gisèle Tennant ◽  
Wayne L. Westcott ◽  
Avery D. Faigenbaum ◽  
Alice E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
After School ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Youth inactivity and inappropriately high weight is a problem in the United States, Canada, and much of the industrialized world. Physiological and behavioral changes associated with the Youth Fit For Life protocol, a physical activity and nutrition education treatment based on self-efficacy theory, were assessed in 7- to 12-yr.-olds ( N = 43) from Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Body Mass Index, strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance significantly improved over a 12-wk. period when contrasted with changes based on normative data. Significant within-group improvements in measures of self-efficacy, vegetable intake, and voluntary moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were also found over 12 wk. Multiple regression analysis indicated that score changes in measures of self-regulatory and task self-efficacy, and general self, accounted for changes in voluntary physical activity. Implications for use of behaviorally based methods for large-scale obesity prevention treatments in preadolescents were discussed.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic correlates of physical activity and sport among adults in Germany: 1997–2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Abu-Omar ◽  
Sven Messing ◽  
Mustafa Sarshar ◽  
Peter Gelius ◽  
Susanne Ferschl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Migrant Background ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction Promoting physical activity (PA) is a key strategy to prevent noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In order to monitor physical activity levels in Germany, several large-scale studies have reported on prevalence rates and correlates. However, a comprehensive analysis of correlates of PA over time is currently lacking for Germany. Methods For the analysis, 13 national cross-sectional data sets were utilized. Data analysis was restricted to respondents aged 18 and older. In a first step, data sets were kept separate in order to explore social gradients of PA and sport. In the second step, data sets were pooled, demographic factors harmonized and binary logistic regressions were conducted. Results Regarding sports participation, different data sets indicate comparable social gradients. People with a higher age, lower income, lower levels of education, or a migrant background consistently have a higher risk of not engaging in sports. Compared to sports participation, social gradients are less pronounced for engaging in vigorous PA. Higher age, lower education, and lower income are also markers for an increased risk of not engaging in vigorous PA. Discussion The study confirms that factors of age, income, education and migrant background continue to contribute to differentials in sport and vigorous PA participation in Germany. For policy-making, this implies that PA promotion should focus on systems-based actions that might reduce population-wide inequalities. Future research might focus on pooling single studies with smaller samples in order to investigate PA and sports participation in specific disadvantaged target groups.

scholarly journals Comparison of the general dietary habits and lifestyle between before and during COVID-19 among the Saudi adult's population in Riyadh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouf ALkharashi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: The Covid-19 pandemic led to lockdowns in several parts of the world, causing sudden lifestyle and dietary habits changed, through social distancing and isolation at home. This study aimed to compare the general dietary habits and lifestyle between before and during COVID-19 among the Saudi adult population in Riyadh. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, targeting the Riyadh population, from 16 May 2020 to 16 June 2020. The study comprised a structured questionnaire packet that inquired demographic information examples include:(age, gender, place of residence, and health status); dietary habits information (daily intake of certain foods, food frequency, number of meals/day, and number of times drinking the tea and coffee); lifestyle habits information (physical activity, sleep quality, time that spend using the internet, social media and electronic devices for fun daily and stresses) using Google form. A total of 1,193 participants have been included in the study aged over 18 years.Results: During the COVID-19 period, a significant increase in the number of meals eaten daily, the number of times of fruits and vegetable intake, the number of sweets, cakes, and biscuits, the number of hours of sleep per day, the time using the internet and social media were observed more than at in the before COVID-19 pandemic period. However, the number of running exercise or physical activity was significantly reduced. Conclusion: In this study, the dietary and lifestyle habits have changed among the Saudis during the COVID-19 period. Future large-scale similar studies should be undertaken to confirm the results of the study.

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