scholarly journals Review: Vaspin (SERPINA12) Expression and Function in Endocrine Cells

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1710
Author(s):  
Patrycja Kurowska ◽  
Ewa Mlyczyńska ◽  
Monika Dawid ◽  
Małgorzata Jurek ◽  
Dominika Klimczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
And Function ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Multiple Molecules ◽  
Endocrine Tissues

Proper functioning of the body depends on hormonal homeostasis. White adipose tissue is now known as an endocrine organ due to the secretion of multiple molecules called adipokines. These proteins exert direct effects on whole body functions, including lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, and reproduction, whereas changes in their level are linked with pathological events, such as infertility, diabetes, and increased food intake. Vaspin-visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor, or SERPINA12 according to serpin nomenclature, is an adipokine discovered in 2005 that is connected to the development of insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammation. A significantly higher amount of vaspin was observed in obese patients. The objective of this review was to summarize the latest findings about vaspin expression and action in endocrine tissues, such as the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adipose tissue, thyroid, ovary, placenta, and testis, as well as discuss the link between vaspin and pathologies connected with hormonal imbalance.

scholarly journals Adipose tissue in control of metabolism

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. R77-R99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Luo ◽  
Meilian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole-body energy and glucose homeostasis through its subtle functions at both organ and systemic levels. On one hand, adipose tissue stores energy in the form of lipid and controls the lipid mobilization and distribution in the body. On the other hand, adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ and produces numerous bioactive factors such as adipokines that communicate with other organs and modulate a range of metabolic pathways. Moreover, brown and beige adipose tissue burn lipid by dissipating energy in the form of heat to maintain euthermia, and have been considered as a new way to counteract obesity. Therefore, adipose tissue dysfunction plays a prominent role in the development of obesity and its related disorders such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression and cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings of adipose tissue in the control of metabolism, focusing on its endocrine and thermogenic function.

scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term Whole Body Vibration Training on Visceral Adipose Tissue: A Preliminary Report

Obesity Facts ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Vissers ◽  
An Verrijken ◽  
Ilse Mertens ◽  
Caroline Van Gils ◽  
Annemie Van de Sompel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Vibration Training ◽  
Whole Body Vibration Training ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Influence of diet and exercise on skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in men

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 2445-2455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ross ◽  
John Rissanen ◽  
Heather Pedwell ◽  
Jennifer Clifford ◽  
Peter Shragge
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Ross, Robert, John Rissanen, Heather Pedwell, Jennifer Clifford, and Peter Shragge. Influence of diet and exercise on skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in men. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2445–2455, 1996.—The effects of diet only (DO) and diet combined with either aerobic (DA) or resistance (DR) exercise on subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), lean tissue (LT), and skeletal muscle (SM) tissue were evaluated in 33 obese men (DO, n= 11; DA, n = 11; DR, n = 11). All tissues were measured by using a whole body multislice magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) model. Within each group, significant reductions were observed for body weight, SAT, and VAT ( P < 0.05). The reductions in body weight (∼10%) and SAT (∼25%) and VAT volume (∼35%) were not different between groups ( P > 0.05). For all treatments, the relative reduction in VAT was greater than in SAT ( P < 0.05). For the DA and DR groups only, the reduction in abdominal SAT (∼27%) was greater ( P < 0.05) than that observed for the gluteal-femoral region (∼20%). Conversely, the reduction in VAT was uniform throughout the abdomen regardless of treatment ( P > 0.05). MRI-LT and MRI-SM decreased both in the upper and lower body regions for the DO group alone ( P < 0.05). Peak O2 uptake (liters) was significantly improved (∼14%) in the DA group as was muscular strength (∼20%) in the DR group ( P< 0.01). These findings indicate that DA and DR result in a greater preservation of MRI-SM, mobilization of SAT from the abdominal region, by comparison with the gluteal-femoral region, and improved functional capacity when compared with DO in obese men.

Sa1358 VALUE OF MEASUREMENT OF WHOLE BODY VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE IN ASSESING THE RISK OF SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-331-S-332
Author(s):  
Saurabh Dawra ◽  
Singh K. Anupam ◽  
Rakesh Kochhar ◽  
Jayanta Samanta ◽  
Saroj Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Non-Viable Lactobacillus johnsonii JNU3402 Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Garam Yang ◽  
Eunjeong Hong ◽  
Sejong Oh ◽  
Eungseok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Lactobacillus Johnsonii ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
And Function

In this study, the role of non-viable Lactobacillus johnsonii JNU3402 (NV-LJ3402) in diet-induced obesity was investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). To determine whether NV-LJ3402 exhibits a protective effect against diet-induced obesity, 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet, an HFD, or an HFD with NV-LJ3402 for 14 weeks. NV-LJ3402 administration was associated with a significant reduction in body weight gain and in liver, epididymal, and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue weight in HFD-fed mice. Concomitantly, NV-LJ3402 administration to HFD-fed mice also decreased the triglyceride levels in the plasma and metabolic tissues and slightly improved insulin resistance. Furthermore, NV-LJ3402 enhanced gene programming for energy dissipation in the WATs of HFD-fed mice as well as in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) transcriptional activity, suggesting that the PPARγ pathway plays a key role in mediating the anti-obesity effect of NV-LJ3402 in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, NV-LJ3402 administration in HFD-fed mice enhanced mitochondrial levels and function in WATs and also increased the body temperature upon cold exposure. Together, these results suggest that NV-LJ3402 could be safely used to develop dairy products that ameliorate diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.

Whole-body skeletal muscle mass is not related to glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese men and women

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Kuk ◽  
Katherine Kilpatrick ◽  
Lance E. Davidson ◽  
Robert Hudson ◽  
Robert Ross
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Visceral Adipose

The relationship between skeletal muscle mass, visceral adipose tissue, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance was examined in 214 overweight or obese, but otherwise healthy, men (n = 98) and women (n = 116) who participated in various exercise and (or) weight-loss intervention studies. Subjects had a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and (or) insulin sensitivity measures by a 3 h hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp technique. Whole-body skeletal muscle mass and visceral adipose tissue were measured using a multi-slice magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Total body skeletal muscle mass was not associated with any measure of glucose metabolism in men or women (p > 0.10). These observations remained independent of age and total adiposity. Conversely, visceral adipose tissue was a significant predictor of various measures of glucose metabolism in both men and women with or without control for age and (or) total body fat (p < 0.05). Although skeletal muscle is a primary site for glucose uptake and deposition, these findings suggest that unlike visceral adipose tissue, whole-body skeletal muscle mass per se is not associated with either glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese men and women.

scholarly journals Limited Effects of Endurance or Interval Training on Visceral Adipose Tissue and Systemic Inflammation in Sedentary Middle-Aged Men

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua H. F. Cooper ◽  
Blake E. G. Collins ◽  
David R. Adams ◽  
Robert A. Robergs ◽  
Cheyne E. Donges
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Purpose. Limited data exists for the effects of sprint-interval training (SIT) and endurance training (ET) on total body composition, abdominal visceral adipose tissue, and plasma inflammation. Moreover, whether “active” or “passive” recovery in SIT provides a differential effect on these measures remains uncertain.Methods. Sedentary middle-aged men (n=62;49.5±5.8 y;29.7±3.7 kg·m2) underwent abdominal computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, venepuncture, and exercise testing before and after the interventions, which included the following: 12 wks 3 d·wk−1 ET (n=15; 50–60 min cycling; 80% HRmax), SIT (4–10 × 30 s sprint efforts) with passive (P-SIT;n=15) or active recovery (A-SIT;n=15); or nonexercise control condition (CON;n=14). Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, whole-body and visceral fat mass, and plasma systemic inflammation were examined.Results. Compared to CON, significant increases in interpolated power output (P-SIT,P<0.001; ET,P=0.012; A-SIT,P=0.041) and test duration (P-SIT,P=0.001; ET,P=0.012; A-SIT,P=0.046) occurred after training. Final VO2consumption was increased after P-SIT only (P<0.001). Despite >90% exercise compliance, there was no change in whole-body or visceral fat mass or plasma inflammation (P>0.05).Conclusion. In sedentary middle-aged men, SIT was a time-effective alternative to ET in facilitating conditioning responses yet was ineffective in altering body composition and plasma inflammation, and compared to passive recovery, evidenced diminished conditioning responses when employing active recovery.

scholarly journals Hormonal signaling factors produced by brown adipose tissue as regulators of metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids

Bionatura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 879-882
Author(s):  
Francisco Santacruz-Hidalgo ◽  
Eliana Viscarra-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
The Body ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

Brown adipose tissue is one of the principal generators of heat in the body; due to the activation of many hormones and receptors, it takes a fundamental role in thermogenesis. However recent studies have proved that this is not its only function. Brown adipose tissue could also act as an endocrine organ, which means that it releases chemical substances to the blood and regulate some activities in the organism. This cell communication process is momentous, since allowing cells to exchange physicochemical information with the environment and other cells in the body could be a relevant field of study in treatments of obesity, diabetes and other diseases related with body weight. This paper offers an overview of different transcriptional factors, endocrine regulation and therapeutic applications of the brown fat tissue, and also the distinctions that it has with white adipose tissue and beige adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Obesity – a closer look to cell mechanisms disfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Elena BĂLĂȘESCU ◽  
◽  
Larisa Diana PANDIA ◽  
Roxana Ioana NEDELCU ◽  
Daniela Adriana ION ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition, a major public health problem with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Obesity is characterized by an excess of adipose tissue, a low degree of chronic inflammation and disorders in the synthesis of biologically active hormones and peptides which intervene in regulating appetite and energy balance, immunity, insulin sensitivity, angiogenesis, blood pressure, lipid metabolism and homeostasis of the body. The visceral adipose tissue accumulation is accompanied by metabolic disorders that have as a substrate subclinical inflammation and signaling by intracellular pathways that lead to irreversible cellular structural and functional changes. The long-term impact of overweight and obesity translates into shortening life expectancy and disability, due to association with severe comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, oncological conditions. Therefore, understanding the cellular mechanisms involved in obesity may facilitate the highlighting of new possible therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Obesity causes irreversible mitochondria failure in visceral adipose tissue despite successful anti-obesogenic lifestyle-based interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Gonzalez-Franquesa ◽  
Pau Gama-Perez ◽  
Marta Kulis ◽  
Norma Dahdah ◽  
Sonia Moreno-Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Metabolic Plasticity ◽  
Metabolic Fingerprint ◽  
Visceral Adipose

AbstractMetabolic plasticity is the ability of a biological system to adapt its metabolic phenotype to different environmental stressors. We used a whole-body and tissue-specific phenotypic, functional, metabolomic and transcriptomic approach to systematically assess metabolic plasticity in diet-induced obese mice after a combined nutritional and exercise intervention. Although most pathological features were successfully reverted, we observed a high degree of metabolic dysfunction irreversibility in visceral white adipose tissue, characterised by abnormal mitochondrial morphology and functionality. Despite two sequential therapeutic interventions and apparent global phenotypic recovery, obesity specifically triggered in visceral adipose a cascade of events progressing from mitochondrial metabolic and proteostatic defects to widespread cellular stress, which compromises its biosynthetic and recycling capacity. Our data indicate that obesity prompts a lasting metabolic fingerprint that leads to a progressive breakdown of metabolic plasticity in white adipose tissue, becoming a significant milestone in disease progression.

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