scholarly journals Sugar Beet Harvests under Modern Climatic Conditions in the Belgorod Region (Southwest Russia)

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Maria G. Lebedeva ◽  
Anthony R. Lupo ◽  
Alexandr B. Solovyov ◽  
Yury G. Chendev ◽  
Lalith M. Rankoth

The weather and climate conditions contributing to the energy and water availability during the sugar beet vegetation period within the Belgorod Region were studied. It was found that the sugar beet yield in the region currently depends on the climate at the 15% level. The variability and trends of sugar beet yields and sugar content dynamics correlated with that of the observed during a 60-year period are determined using statistical techniques such as correlation, and regression and time series analysis. The variation for the sugar content (or “sugariness”) over this period as related to the regional weather and climate showed a nonlinear relationship. The sugar content is related inversely to the combined (via the Hydrothermal Coefficient—HTC) influence of precipitation and temperature during the warm season (temperatures between 15 and 20 °C). A decrease (increase) in HTC contributes to an increase (decrease) in the beet sugar content. However, it was noted that during sugar content increases, there is a decrease in the regional sugar beet yield. We can conclude that the increased sugar content of beet in relevant years compensates for the decrease in the yield parameter. Finally, there was a correlation between the regional variability in the sugar content of beets with Bruckner solar cycles and atmospheric teleconnections in that during warm and dry periods, the sugar content increases, and for cold and wet periods is reduced.

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlů Klára ◽  
Chochola Jaromír ◽  
Pulkrábek Josef ◽  
Urban Jaroslav

Small-plot trials conducted in 2013–2015 studied the impact of longer vegetation periods (by means of earlier drilling and/or later harvest) on production results of two sugar beet cultivars – one nematode-tolerant cultivar and one cultivar without such tolerance. The trials took place at two sites with different Heterodera schachtii infestation levels. In all trial seasons, root yield was significantly higher in the earlier drilled plots. On average, prolongation of the vegetation period in spring by 13 days increased root yield by 10.9%. Therefore, each day by which drilling is postponed represents a 0.7–0.8% loss of yield. As to sugar content, no statistically significant benefit of vegetation period prolongation by early drilling was found. The spring gain was slightly higher for the non-tolerant cultivar than for the tolerant one on average over all trial seasons. This result confirms the theory that nematodes impact the crop mainly in later stages of vegetation, and early drilling can thus help eliminating, to a certain degree, the risk of nematode damage. In the autumn, root yield increased by 14.3% on average over 39 days. The autumn daily gain was about half of the rate found in the spring. The increase in sugar content was between 0.6% and 1% (abs.) on average. Autumn growth achieved at the non-infested site was much higher than at the infested site.  


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Vladimír Pačuta ◽  
Marek Rašovský ◽  
Beata Michalska-Klimczak ◽  
Zdzislaw Wyszyňski

In this study, we focus on the mitigation of the negative impact of drought using the application of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) to seed. One way to monitor drought and quantify its impact on crops in field conditions is the nondestructive measurement of physiological processes of the crops using spectral indexes LAI and PRI during vegetation. Therefore, during 2018 and 2019, the increase in biomass and intensity of photosynthetic activity was monitored, and the effect of the SAPs application on the yield parameters of the sugar beet was evaluated in the trial conditions (control, SAPs) at the end of the vegetation period. Through statistical analysis, the significant impact (α ≤ 0.01) of SAPs application on the values of spectral indexes LAI and PRI as well as root and white sugar yields was found. Although the sugar content difference between SAPs and control conditions was not statistically significant, SAPs had a positive influence on the value of this parameter. It was found through periodic monitoring of spectral indexes during the growing period that the crop in the SAPs condition showed higher values of PRI at the beginning of vegetation, which was caused by the accumulation of moisture in the vicinity of the seed and subsequent faster growth of roots and photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, the values of LAI were significantly higher (α ≤ 0.01) in the SAPs condition throughout the vegetation period. In the interaction evaluation, we confirmed that in both years the values of LAI were higher in the condition with SAPs compared with the control. In contrast, the PRI values were significantly different across conditions. The interaction of conditions with variety showed that the variety Brian obtained higher values of LAI and PRI in the SAPs condition. The correlation analysis found a positive correlation between spectral indexes LAI:PRI (r = 0.6184**), and between LAI:RY (r = 0.6715**), LAI:WSY (r = 0.5760**), and PRI:RY (r = 0.5038*), which confirms the close relationship between physiological processes in the plant and the size of its yield.


2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
M. Pytlarz-Kozicka

Sugar beet yielding and, thus, the profitability of its cultivation depends on various conditions. These are mainly a&nbsp;dose of nitrogen fertilizing and anti-fungal plant protection. Based on the research carried out in a private-owned farm in Biała commune, Opole province, Poland, it was observed that the most important factors influencing plant development and root yield of sugar beets (var. Kassandra and Cortina) were genetic features of the investigated varieties and fungal control. They increased considerably root yield and sugar content. The doubled nitrogen dose from 90 to 180 kg N/ha enhanced a slight, statistically insignificant, root yield increase and a lower sugar content in beet roots. The three-year research showed that weather conditions during the vegetation period had a decisive effect on sugar beet plants development and fungal infestation. The variety Cortina was characterized with a significantly higher yield and a higher content of treacle forming compounds in the roots. The increase of N rate from 90 to 180 kg N/ha caused a significant increase of average root mass, leaves and dry matter yield and potassium and N-NH<sub>2</sub> in roots, but it also lowered sugar content. In the years with favorable conditions for fungal infestation, the use of fungicides helped to obtain a higher leaf/root ratio, higher root mass, higher root and leaf yield and higher dry matter and sugar yields. However, it did not have an effect on the content of chemical compounds producing treacle in sugar beet roots.


Author(s):  
Natalia Michajlenko ◽  
Iryna Scherban

The analysis of contributing weather and climate in recreation and sport competitions during the cold period in Ukrainian Carpathians held. The results of the evaluation of the impact of weather and climate on the general condition and State of health of the person received. Reviewed by: day-to-day variability of atmospheric pressure, oxygen content. The conditions of the snow cover in mountainous areas and future trends of solid precipitation (snow, snow storm) during the cold period of the year described. Key words: recreation, weather types, climatic conditions, the cold period of the year.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 04014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Cogato ◽  
Franco Meggio ◽  
Francesco Pirotti ◽  
Alberto Cristante ◽  
Francesco Marinello

Climate is the most relevant factor influencing the ripening of high quality grapes to produce a given wine style. This notion should be taken into account, given the increase of extreme weather events (EWE) related to climate change. Under this evolving climate scenario, North-East Italian wine regions have seen a recent expansion, potentially disregarding optimal planting choices. The use of marginal land, indeed, could lead to the establishment of vineyards in areas where it is not possible to take advantage of the best row orientation, slope and aspect. Under these conditions, the consequences of some EWE may be more severe. The objective of this study is to verify whether planting options in combination with climate conditions, may affect yield and fruit quality. An area localised in Northern Italy was analysed for row orientation and slope, taking advantage of QGIS tools. The area was also examined for climate conditions, using weather conditions and climate indices. Such variables were combined with 10-year yield and must composition of four varieties (Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Merlot and Glera) by using linear regression. The paper reports the most significant relationships between climatic conditions and grapevine composition. The results showed high positive correlation between sugar concentration and the number of frost days during the year in three varieties. The sugar content was positively correlated with the relative humidity in June in three varieties and negatively correlated with the number of days with a temperature >25°C during the month of June in two varieties. The content of tartaric acid showed high correlations with thermal indices of May in all varieties.


2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Gąstoł

Abstract A study of 13 grapevine cultivars was carried out in a vineyard located near Krakow (Poland) in order to identify the most suitable grapevine cultivars for cool climate regions. The vines’ vigour, yield and the yield efficiency index were studied in the years 2010-2013. The grapes were analysed to determine soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity, total polyphenol content (TPC) as well as fruit antioxidant activity (FRAP). Moreover, organic acid concentrations (tartaric, malic, citric and ascorbic) were ascertained. Significant fluctuations in yield and quality were caused by variable climatic conditions during the vegetation period, especially before the vintage. SSC varied from 15.7°Brix (‘Swenson Red’) to 20.8°Brix (‘Frontenac’). The highest sugar:acid ratio was measured for ‘Regent’ as well as for ‘Hibernal’ and ‘Muskat Odesskij’ among white grapes. The lowest concentration of tartaric acid was measured for ‘Frontenac’ (1.03 g L-1) as well as ‘Jutrzenka’ (1.76 g L-1). The latter cultivar tended to accumulate one of the highest amounts of malic and citric acid. The highest total polyphenol content along with outstanding antioxidant activity was measured for the following red cultivars: ‘Frontenac’, ‘Leon Millot’ and ‘Marechal Foch’. The most promising cultivars were ‘Seyval Blanc’, ‘Aurora’ and ‘Regent’, which performed well in terms of their moderate vigour, increased fruitfulness and consistently higher yields.


2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (50) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Gordana Petrović ◽  
Darjan Karabašević ◽  
Svetlana Vukotić ◽  
Vuk Mirčetić ◽  
Adriana Radosavac

The aim of the paper is to show the impact of climate factors on the corn yield in Serbia. Contemporary climate reports show that climate is changing, and the emission of greenhouse gases is one of the main causes of climate change. In three different locations (West Bačka District, Šumadija District and Nišava District) different climatic conditions and corn yield were analyzed for the period from 1991 to 2011. In the research process, the model of multiple linear regression and Pearson coefficient of correlation was applied. Obtained results has shown that there is a high correlation between parameters of climate conditions and variance of corn yield. A small amount of precipitation quantity and high maximum values of temperatures in the vegetation period influenced the decrease in yield, which was particularly noticed during the period from 2000 to 2007. A lower yield of corn was established compared to the average yield in all three observed districts, in the Šumadija district, the yield was lower 48% in 2000 and 52% in 2007, in the West Bačka District, a yield was lower 40% in 2000 and 20% in 2007, and in the Nišava District, the yield was lower 65% in 2000 and 49% in 2007. There are perennial variations of climatic factors, especially temperature and precipitation quantity, which affect the realization of the economic profitability of growing agricultural plant species. Losses in agriculture can be higher in conditions of an unstable climate. It is necessary to more precisely predict climate change and create new hybrids and varieties for cultivation that will be adaptable to changed climate conditions. Adaptations of plants to climatic conditions changes will contribute to greater economy of agricultural production, and the provision of food for the world's population.


2019 ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Krotiyuk ◽  
О. Dubchak ◽  
L. Andrieieva ◽  
M. Kornieieva

The aim of the study was to create new starting materials of beets with improved oval conical root form, higher weight and sugar content to get high yielding hybrids. Based on the results of the research on root beet form improvement by hybridization of sugar beet root with fodder beet it was proven that the fodder beet can exceed sugar beet on productivity twice under identical agro climatic conditions. To transmit the root-shaped trait, it is not enough to have one crossing with the plants-carriers of the genes controlling the roundness of the form, since the selection of plants in F2 does not exceed 3 % and thus additional cross-breeding is necessary. The estimation of initial forms of beets according to the productivity elements for hybridization is given in the article (the yield of sugar beets recipients samples made 39.7–51.1 t/ha, that of donor of the feed beet variety made 60.5 t/ha). In the hybrid offspring, root crops varied in shape from a spindle-shaped to an oval-conical. Root crops of hybrid specimens of oval and wide-conical shapes were selected, which outweighed the initial forms by productivity: yields – by 3.2–20.8 %, sugar content – by 1.0–3.5 %. Due to the fact that different forms of beets root crops differ in productivity, it is necessary to transfer the form of root crops from fodder beet as more productive to sugar beet. It was noted that sample B11360-68 / Biamara F2 with the highest root mass (780 g) had the highest leaf area of 1.2 m2. The yields made 104.8 % and 103.5 %, respectively by sugar content of the original form. In the second generation we obtained 45.5–59.0 % of root beets with oval and wide-conical shapes and increased by 3.2–20.8 % yield compared to the original forms. The collection of breeding materials of Verkhnyatskiy RSS was supplemented by an oval-conical hybrid specimen and three broad-conical specimens with a smooth root surface that had a less pronounced orthostich and had a high root mass. Key words: sugar beet, fodder beet, productivity, beet root form, crossing, selection.


2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Parviz Fasahat ◽  
Mohsen Aghaeezadeh ◽  
Mozhdeh Kakueinezhad ◽  
Leila Jabbari

SummaryThe evaluation of sugar beet genotypes under different climate conditions is a principal goal of breeding programs. In most studies, environment has a high influence on the qualitative and quantitative traits of sugar beet. Therefore, data collected from different environments may contribute to more accurate genotype selection. In this study, the effect of different environments on sugar beet genotypes’ performance was evaluated using a meta-analysis method based on Hedges’ technique. Data were collected from 149 trials conducted in twelve regions in Iran over 15 years (2003–18). For all trials, the value of the traits was weighted, and subsequently the effect size, reaction ratio and confidence interval were estimated. Among the studied environments, Khoy had a positive effect on root yield, sugar content, sugar yield and white sugar yield. As could be expected, the effect of environment on final yield formation was high, so that the Shiraz environment had a negative effect on root yield and sugar yield. Overall, the ranking of environments based on the meta-analysis results was quite different from that obtained by comparison of mean results.


2019 ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Elena Ghinda ◽  
Valery Khlebnikov ◽  
Natalia Treskina

Проведены исследования по применению регуляторов роста гиббереллина, мицефита, циркона и НВ-101 для обработки растений винограда сортов столового направления использования Лора и Аркадия в условиях Приднестровского региона. В период вегетации растения винограда обрабатывали дважды водными растворами следующих препаратов: гиббереллин (100 мг/л, St), мицефит в двух концентрациях -10 и 100 мг/л, циркон - 0,4 мл/л и НВ-101 - 0,05 мл/л. В статье приведены результаты двухлетних полевых опытов по изучению влияния регуляторов роста растений на урожайность и сахаристость сока ягод винограда. Установлена эффективность применения регуляторов роста в зависимости от климатических условий в период вегетации. Для винограда сорта Аркадия условия 2017 года были более благоприятными в сравнении с 2018 годом, что и обусловило более высокую урожайность контрольных растений в 2017 году - 19,8 против 12,8 т/га. Урожайность контрольных растений сорта Лора в годы исследований была практически на одном уровне и составляла 9,2-9,3 т/га. В более увлажненных условиях 2017 года обработка регуляторами роста оказалась неэффективной. Существенная прибавка урожая у сорта Аркадия - 4,2 т/га была получена лишь в варианте применения мицефита в концентрации 10 мл/л. Более эффективной была обработка регуляторами роста мицефит, циркон и НВ-101 в 2018 году, обеспечившая существенное увеличение урожайности с 12,8 до 15,5-20,4 т/га без снижения его качества. Средняя максимальная урожайность была отмечена в варианте обработки препаратом НВ-101. Обработка растений сорта Лора регуляторами роста обеспечила значительное повышение урожайности, но снизила сахаристость сока ягод. Наибольший эффект от их применения был отмечен в более засушливом 2018 году. Таким образом, применение регуляторов роста обеспечивает повышение урожайности и качества ягод винограда сортов Лора и Аркадия в зависимости от климатических условий года исследований.The study examined the effect of growth regulators gibberellin, micefit, zircon and NV-101 on table grapevine cultivars ‘Lora’ and ‘Arсadia’ in Transnistrian region. During vegetation grapevine plants were treated twice by aqueous solutions of the following preparations: gibberellin (100 mg/l, St), micefit in two concentrations-10 and 100 mg/l, zircon-0.4 ml/l and NV-101-0.05 ml/l. The paper summarizes findings of the two-year field trials conducted to study the effects of plant growth regulators on the yield and sugar content of the juice of grapes. The study established the effectiveness of growth regulators depending on climatic conditions during vegetation period. Year conditions of 2017 were more favourable for ‘Arcadia’ grapes as compared to 2018, which resulted in higher yields on control plants in 2017 - 19.8 t/ha. vs. 12.8 t/ha. The yield of control plants of ‘Lora’ vines was pretty much unchanged during the study years, and made 9.2 -9.3 t/ha. In the more humid conditions of 2017 treatment with growth regulators proved ineffective. Substantial positive yield response of ‘Arcadia’ grapes, specifically 4.2 t/ha, was obtained only in the trial variant of micefit application at a concentration of 10 ml/l. Treatment with growth regulators micefit, zircon and NV-101 in 2018 proved more effective, and demonstrated substantial increase from 12.8 to 15.5 - 20.42 t/ha without reducing the grape quality. The average maximum yield was recorded in the trial variant of treatment with NV-101 preparation. Treatment of ‘Lora’ with growth regulators provided a significant yield increase, but reduced sugar content in the berry juice. The strongest effect from the use of the preparations was registered in a more arid 2018. Thus, application of growth regulators increases productivity and quality of ‘Lora’ and ‘Arcadia’ grapevine cultivars depending on climatic conditions of the research year.


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