scholarly journals Anti-Graffiti Behavior of Oleo/Hydrophobic Nano-Filled Coatings Applied on Natural Stone Materials

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Lettieri ◽  
Maurizio Masieri ◽  
Mariachiara Pipoli ◽  
Alessandra Morelli ◽  
Mariaenrica Frigione
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Paint Removal ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

In recent years, graffiti writings are increasingly regarded as a form of art. However, their presence on historic building remains a vandalism and different strategies have been developed to clean or, preferably, protect the surfaces. In this study, an experimental nano-filled coating, based on fluorine resin containing SiO2 nano-particles, and two commercial products have been applied on compact and porous calcareous stones, representative of building materials used in the Mediterranean basin, and their anti-graffiti ability has been analyzed. All the tested experimental and commercial coatings exhibited high hydrophobicity and oleophobicity, thus meeting one of the basic requirements for anti-graffiti systems. The effects of staining by acrylic blu-colored spray paint and felt-tip marker were, then, assessed; the properties of the treated stone surfaces after cleaning by acetone were also investigated. Visual observations, contact angle measurements and color evaluations were performed to this aim. It was found that the protective coatings facilitated the spray paint removal; however high oleophobicity or paint repellence did not guarantee a complete cleaning. The stain from the felt-tip marker was confirmed to be extremely difficult to remove. The cleaning with a neat unconfined solvent promoted the movement of the applied polymers (and likely of the paint, as well) in the porous structure of the stone substrate.

scholarly journals Oleo/Hydrophobic Coatings Containing Nano-Particles for the Protection of Stone Materials Having Different Porosity

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Lettieri ◽  
Maurizio Masieri ◽  
Alessandra Morelli ◽  
Mariachiara Pipoli ◽  
Mariaenrica Frigione
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Stone Materials

Conservation strategies to limit the degradation of stone materials are being constantly developed. To this aim, new materials are designed to confer hydrophobic properties and anti-graffiti protection to the treated surfaces. Hybrid nanocomposites, based on inorganic nano-particles added to an organic matrix, have been recently proposed for treatments of stone surfaces, obtaining promising and innovative properties. In the present paper, an experimental product based on fluorine resin containing SiO2 nano-particles, a commercial fluorine-based product and a silicon-based material were applied as protective coatings on two calcareous stones (compact and porous) widely employed in the Mediterranean region. All the studied products are expected to provide both water and anti-graffiti protection to both stones’ surfaces. The rheological characterization of the liquid products, changes in color of the surfaces, and variations in water vapor permeability allowed the compatibility of the protective systems applied to stones to be evaluated. Water–stone contact angle measurements and water absorption by capillarity were used to control the action against water ingress. The oleophobicity was assessed by measuring the oil–stone contact angle. The experimental nano-filled product proved to be a suitable hydrophobic coating for compact and porous stones; furthermore, it provides high oleophobicity to the treated surfaces, as required for anti-graffiti systems.

scholarly journals Minero-Petrographic Characterization of Chianocco Marble Employed for Palazzo Madama Façade in Turin (Northwest Italy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gambino ◽  
Alessandro Borghi ◽  
Anna d’Atri ◽  
Luca Martire ◽  
Martina Cavallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Subaerial Exposure ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Dolomitic Rock ◽  
Baroque Era ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Materials Used

The study of ancient marble plays an important role in the interpretation of historical and archaeological sites and gives interesting information about building materials used in ancient times and their trade routes. The present work focuses on Chianocco marble that represents one of the most important ancient white marbles for cultural heritage exploited in the Piedmont region (Northwest Italy) and employed for the Palazzo Madama façade. A multi-analytical study based on petrographic (optical and scanning electron microscopy), electron microprobe, cathodoluminescence and stable isotope analyses was carried out on these marbles in order to perform an archaeometric study. Chianocco marble was used in Turin during the baroque era by the Savoy architect Filippo Juvarra (1678–1736) in historical buildings, such as the façade of the Palazzo Madama, the plinth of the façade of the town Cathedral and the columns (now plastered) of the portico of Piazza San Carlo. This stone is a dolomitic rock belonging to the Mesozoic cover of the Dora Maira Massif (Pennidic Unit). It shows a vuggy fabric characterized by a vacuolar texture due to tectonic brecciation and subsequent selective dissolution during subaerial exposure. This kind of research is useful to highlight the importance of the use of local stones as building materials and to investigate stone materials for the restoration and maintenance of historical buildings.

The building materials of “Colle del Melogno” Central Fort (Liguria, Italy)

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Fratini ◽  
Manuela Mattone ◽  
Silvia Rescic
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Ligurian Alps ◽  
Local Supply ◽  
The Government ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Artificial Stone ◽  
The Military

The Melogno pass (Colle del Melogno) is located at 1026 m above sea level, between the high Val Bormida and the hinterland of the Finalese (province of Savona) and is one of the highest mountain passes in the Ligurian Alps. In ancient times, this zone was considered strategically important from the military point of view since it is located at the crossroads of many communication routes. In these areas, in November 1795, during the “Battle of Loano”, the French army, commanded by Andrea Massena and the allied army of Austria, prevailed over the Kingdom of Sardinia, led by Oliver Remigius von Wallis. However, the territory remained possession of the Kingdom of Sardinia and, between 1883 and 1895, the worsening of relations with France induced the government to erect, near the pass, three imposing fortifications (Tortagna, Settepani and Centrale) to prevent an entry into Piedmont by armies coming from the coast. For the same purpose other fortifications were erected near the passes of Tenda, Nava, Turchino and near the villages of Zuccarello, Altare and Vado. The most impressive among the three fortifications of Melogno pass is the Central Fort. It occupies all the saddle of the pass and it is crossed by the provincial road 490 connecting the coast of Finale Ligure to Piedmont. The fort, still of military property, is a listed historical artefact. It has a polygonal shape, with a main barrack developed on two floors. Four defensive and attacking emplacements were located outside the main complex, along a detached hill, with heavy artillery pointed towards the coast. The study will examine the natural and artificial stone materials used for the building through mineralogical and petrographic analysis and will verify both the variations occurred during the construction phases and the relations with the local supply sources.

scholarly journals Fast Method for Testing the Photocatalytic Performance of Modified Gypsum

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janus ◽  
Zając ◽  
Ehm ◽  
Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Different Types

The measurement of the photocatalytic activity of building materials is quite time-consuming. Up until now, researchers have mainly used the equipment described in ISO 22197-1 to ISO 22197-4 for the determination of air purification activity, although other apparatus such as colorimeters, UV-Vis/DR spectroscopes and equipment for contact angle measurements have also been used. Usually, photocatalytic activity measurements take from one hour up to several hours. In this study, we present a very fast method for the measurement of the photocatalytic activity of gypsum. A specially designed printer with a modified bubblejet cartridge was used to apply a special ink on the surface of gypsum plates. Then the surface was irradiated by UV-A light and every 3 s a picture of the surface was taken. The results showed that the discoloration of the dye occurs after a few seconds of irradiation and the time depends on the amount of photocatalyst used as well as the number of printed ink layers. It was concluded that it is possible to use this method for a quick comparison of the photocatalytic activity of different types of modified gypsum materials.

scholarly journals Hydrophobic Modification of Copper Nanospheres for Incorporation into Poloxamer Micelles, Aggregated Micellar Nanocages and Supramolecular Assemblies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-127
Author(s):  
Yunlong Xu ◽  
Kaspars Melkis ◽  
Chinn T. Sia ◽  
Dipak K. Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Size Increase ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Pluronic F108 ◽  
Particle Size Increase ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Metal Nano Particles

Background: Polymer nanogels are increasingly used for the encapsulation of nano-solids and quantum dots such as in advanced forms of drug and therapeutic isotope delivery. Objective: Unlike ex vivo application of systems in vivo application and internalization are likely to suffer from aspects of failure to ensure safety and biocompatibility. Biocompatible hydrophilic poloxamer (Pluronic F108 and F68) micelles were studied by light scattering and tensiometry. Methods: The micelles of nano-gels are synthetic heteropolymer aggregates, which are used to encapsulate drugs but in this study chemically-modified (hydrophobized) copper nano-spheres, for the purposes of demonstration for further application and medical use. Copper benzoate nano-particles (CuBzNPs) were produced by maceration and subsequently stabilized in Pluronic F108 solution was added at different concentrations. Results: The resulting particle size increase was studied by dynamic light scattering. Moderate size increase was observed at low Pluronic F108 concentrations, which indicated successful coating, but at higher F108 concentrations large size agglomerates formed. Coated copper benzoate nano-particles (CuBzNPs) were fabricated as a proof-of-principle and as a substitute for bare metal nano-particles (MNs), which were not successfully entrained in the poloxamer nano-gel. As part of the synthesis copper benzoate (CuBz) beads and their characterization through contact angle measurements were performed. Conclusion: Micelles sizes of 4 nm for F68 Pluronic at equilibrium surface tensions of 36 mNm-1 were captured in weak, 1.25 to 2.0 Pas pseudoplastic gels fabricated from hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC).

scholarly journals Simple measurement of surface free energy using a web cam

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M.S Vicente ◽  
P.S. André ◽  
R.A.S. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Surface Science ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Water Glycerol ◽  
Simple Measurement ◽  
Materials Used

In this paper we describe a simple and pedagogical experiment to measure surface free energy (SFE), which is a mainstream subject to teach undergraduate and graduate level Physics science. Beyond this, the advantage of this work relies on the simplicity of the materials used, namely non-harmful and low cost products such as water, glycerol, ethylene glycol and propanol, offering a useful pedagogical opportunity to discuss basic but relevant concepts regarding surface science phenomena. As example, contact angle measurements were used to estimate SFE and the wetting behavior of distinct solid surfaces such as glass and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon®).

scholarly journals Novel Nano-Filled Coatings for the Protection of Built Heritage Stone Surfaces

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Lettieri ◽  
Maurizio Masieri ◽  
Mariaenrica Frigione
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Bird Excreta ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Graffiti Removal

An experimental nano-filled coating, based on a fluorine resin containing SiO2 nano-particles, was applied on calcareous stones, representative of materials used in buildings and monuments of the Mediterranean basin; for comparison purposes, two commercial products were applied on the same substrates. The efficacy of the protective treatments was assessed by analyzing different characteristics of the three experimental/commercial products, i.e., color changes and permeability to water vapor to evaluate the treatments’ harmlessness; capillary water absorption and water stone contact angle to evaluate the protection against water ingress; oleophobicity of the treated surfaces and the behavior under staining by acrylic blue-colored spray paint and felt-tip marker to verify the anti-graffiti action. Finally, the properties of the treated stone surfaces were analyzed also after the application of pancreatin, used to simulate bird excreta (guano). The protective coatings were found to promote graffiti removal, reducing also the detrimental effects due to simulated guano. The experimental nano-filled product, in addition, was able to provide outstanding performance but using smaller amounts of product in comparison to commercial systems.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of cyanobacteria and green algae on monuments in the Mediterranean Basin: an overview

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (11) ◽  
pp. 3476-3490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Filomena Macedo ◽  
Ana Zélia Miller ◽  
Amélia Dionísio ◽  
Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Conservation Treatment ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The presence and deteriorating action of micro-organisms on monuments and stone works of art have received considerable attention in the last few years. Knowledge of the microbial populations living on stone materials is the starting point for successful conservation treatment and control. This paper reviews the literature on cyanobacteria and chlorophyta that cause deterioration of stone cultural heritage (outdoor monuments and stone works of art) in European countries of the Mediterranean Basin. Some 45 case studies from 32 scientific papers published between 1976 and 2009 were analysed. Six lithotypes were considered: marble, limestone, travertine, dolomite, sandstone and granite. A wide range of stone monuments in the Mediterranean Basin support considerable colonization of cyanobacteria and chlorophyta, showing notable biodiversity. About 172 taxa have been described by different authors, including 37 genera of cyanobacteria and 48 genera of chlorophyta. The most widespread and commonly reported taxa on the stone cultural heritage in the Mediterranean Basin are, among cyanobacteria, Gloeocapsa, Phormidium and Chroococcus and, among chlorophyta, Chlorella, Stichococcus and Chlorococcum. The results suggest that cyanobacteria and chlorophyta colonize a wide variety of substrata and that this is related primarily to the physical characteristics of the stone surface, microclimate and environmental conditions and secondarily to the lithotype.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of the effective composition of asphalt concrete with the use of waste steel production

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Tyuryukhanov ◽  
Konstantin Pugin ◽  
Olga Fedoseeva ◽  
Denis Agapitov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Molding Mixture ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Materials Used

The article presents a part of the dissertation research by Tyuryukhanova K.Yu., the results of mathematical modeling of the effective composition of asphalt-concrete mixture of type B of brand I. At present, a network of highways is developing very quickly, where asphalt is the main material of the upper layers of the pavement construction. Every year, there is a tightening of requirements for asphalt concrete mixtures, and in particular for the stone materials used. That in turn leads to a rise in price of certain inert materials, and as a result of all construction in general. One of the ways to reduce costs in the repair, reconstruction, new construction is the use of industrial waste, which in its strength characteristics are not inferior to traditional building materials. The article deals with mathematical modeling of hot dense fine-grained asphalt-concrete mixture, which includes the departure of steelmaking production, in particular spent molding mixture. At the heart of mathematical models, physico-mechanical indicators are obtained as a result of testing of asphalt concrete samples made in laboratory conditions. As changing factors, two indicators were selected, the bitumen content and the amount of fine aggregate, namely the waste of steelmaking production of the spent molding mixture, in the composition of asphalt concrete. Mathematical modeling makes it possible to more accurately design the grain composition, to identify certain dependencies on changing factors, and also to predict the strength characteristics of asphalt concrete, which consists of mineral materials of different origin and astringent, which will in turn meet all the requirements of state standards of the Russian Federation.

TRADITIONAL OUTBUILDINGS OF THE MORDOVIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Mokshina ◽  
Mihail I. Svyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Main Building ◽  
Genetic Problem ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Functional Purpose

Introduction. The article deals with the main traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians, reported on their functional purpose in economic activity. The forms and types of outbuildings, as well as the main building materials used by Mordvinians are described in details. Their significance in the religious and ceremonial life of the ethnic group is shown. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods of ethnographic science, such as field observation, survey and interviews, and a comprehensive approach. Among the methods of historical science comparative-historical, historical-genetic, problem-chronological, structural-system were used. Among the general scientific methods of research logical, descriptive, narrative, generalization, classification and systematization were involved. To achieve the results of the study, the materials collected by the authors in the course of field surveys conducted in the Mordovian villages were mainly used. Results and Discussion. Traditional outbuildings were of great importance in the economic activity of the Mordovian ethnic group. According to their functional purpose, they can be divided into the following groups: for livestock and poultry (stable, chicken coop, stable, kalda), sanitary and hygienic (bath), warehouse buildings for storage of food, utensils, firewood, animal feed (barn, cellar, woodshed, hayloft), for processing of grain (sheep, riga, mill). Depending on the welfare and financial capacity of the family, the number of outbuildings was different. As a rule, the wealthier families had more outbuildings than the less wealthier ones. The main building material for the construction of these buildings was wood. Conclusion. Thus, the traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians occupied an important place in its economic activities. At the same time, each of them had its own purpose and performed certain functions. Some buildings, such as a bath and a barn, had not only economic purpose, but also were the venue for a number of prayers and ceremonies. It is now ordinarily they have banya (bath-house), outdoor courtyard with standing in different places sheds, barn and cellar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document