scholarly journals Assessment of Guava (Psidium Guajava L.) Wood Biomass for Briquettes’ Production

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ivanova ◽  
Amilkar Mendoza Hernández ◽  
Jiří Bradna ◽  
Eloy Fernández Cusimamani ◽  
Juan García Montoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Residual biomass from guava (Psidium guajava L.), a common and widespread fruit tree native to Latin America, has been analyzed in the present research in order to determine the biomass quality and its potential use for energy purposes. Obtained biomass was grinded and compacted into the form of fuel briquettes. Determinations of solid biofuel parameters, i.e., physical, mechanical and chemical properties such as calorific value, moisture, ash content, volatile matter, mechanical durability, contents of the main chemical elements and heavy metals were performed according to international standards. As a result, not inconsiderable traces of heavy metals were found, with a concentration of zinc 4.57 mg kg−1 as the highest. Guava’s moisture content (9.8%) comfortably fulfilled the minimum standard requirements and the net calorific value as received (17.11 MJ kg−1) met the average value of a wood. However, measured sulphur content (0.063%) as well as ash content (3.74%) exceeded the maximum allowed limits for the graded wood briquettes and, therefore, guava wood briquettes should be rather categorized as non-woody A class briquettes. The results of the study can contribute significantly to the knowledge of guava wood properties and its potential as renewable solid fuel since there is little published data about it.

scholarly journals Investigation of Pressed Solid Biofuel Produced from Multi-Crop Biomass

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Rita Petlickaitė ◽  
Algirdas Jasinskas ◽  
Ramūnas Mieldažys ◽  
Kęstutis Romaneckas ◽  
Marius Praspaliauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Biomass Pellet ◽  
Crop Biomass

The paper presents the preparation and use of pressed solid biofuel of multi-crop plants (fibrous hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.)) as mono, binary and trinomial crops. The results of the investigation show that three main chemical elements (carbon, oxygen and hydrogen) accounted for 93.1 to 94.9% of the biomass pellet content. The moisture content varied from 3.9 to 8.8%, ash content from 4.5 to 6.8% and calorific value from 16.8 to 17.1 MJ·kg−1. It was found that the density (DM) of all variants of pellets was very similar; the faba bean biomass pellets had the highest density of 1195.8 kg·m−3 DM. The initial ash deformation temperature (DT) of burning biomass pellets was detected, which varied from 976 to 1322 °C. High potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were found in all types of biomass ash. The quantities of heavy metals in pellet ash were not large and did not exceed the permissible values according to Lithuanian legislation. These chemical properties of multi-crop biomass ash allow them to be used in agriculture for plant fertilization.

scholarly journals Energy Evaluation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Reed Plant Pelletizing and Utilization as Solid Biofuel

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algirdas Jasinskas ◽  
Dionizas Streikus ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis ◽  
Mečys Palšauskas ◽  
Kęstutis Venslauskas
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
Canary Grass

This paper presents the results of research on the preparation and use for energy purposes of three reed herbaceous energy plants: reed (Phragmites australis) and bulrush (Typha); both grown in local vicinities on lakes and riverbanks and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). The physical-mechanical characteristics (density, moisture, and ash content) of chopped and milled reeds were investigated. The investigation of mill fractional compositions determined the largest amount of mill—reed mill, collected on the sieves of 0.63 mm (40.0%). The pellet moisture ranged from 10.79% to 6.32%, while the density was 1178.9 kg m−3 for dry matter (DM) of reed. The ash content of reed, bulrush and reed canary grass pellets was 3.17%, 5.88%, and 7.99%, respectively. The ash melting temperature ranged from 865 to 1411 °C; these temperatures were high enough for ash melting. The determined pellet calorific value varied from 17.4 to 17.9 MJ kg−1 DM. The disintegration force, indicating pellet strength, ranged from 324.25 N for reed canary grass to 549.24 N for reed. The determined emissions of harmful pollutants—CO2, CO, NOx, and unburnt hydrocarbons (CxHy)—did not exceed the maximum permissible levels. The assessment of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from technology showed that the CO2 equivalents ranged from 7.3 to 10.1 kg CO2-eq. GJ−1 for reed and reed canary grass, respectively.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Charcoal Briquette with Composition Types of Gerunggang (Cratoxylon Arborescens) and Tumih (Combretocarpus Rotundatus) Wood from Tropical Peatlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Alpian ◽  
Raynold Panjaitan ◽  
Adi Jaya ◽  
Yanciluk ◽  
Wahyu Supriyati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Pioneer Plants

Charcoal briquettes can be an alternative energy and can be produced from Gerunggang and Tumih types of wood. These two types of wood are commonly found in Kalampangan Village as pioneer plants on burned peatlands. The research objective was to determine the chemical properties of charcoal briquettes produced from biomass waste from land processing without burning with several compositions of Gerunggang wood and Tumih wood. The chemical properties of charcoal briquettes refer to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000) and Standard Permen ESDM No. 047 of 2006. The results showed that all composition treatments in the ash content test, fixed carbon content and calorific value met the standards, while the test for volatile content in all treatment compositions did not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000). The composition of the most potential chemical properties and following the two standards used is the composition of 100% Tumih with ash content of 7.67%, volatile matter content of 27.23%, fixed carbon of 55.00%, and heating value of 5902.18 cal/g.

scholarly journals Potential uses of the lesser-known tree: Timo (Timonius sericeus (Desf) K. Schum) from Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara based on its chemical wood properties and calorific value

2021 ◽  
Vol 924 (1) ◽  
pp. 012084
Author(s):  
H Rianawati ◽  
R Setyowati ◽  
Siswadi ◽  
A Umroni
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Wood Energy ◽  
Development Center

Abstract This study determined the chemical properties and calorific value of Timo (Timoneus sericeus) wood originated from Reknamo village, Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara. Timo is a potential wood that belongs to the Rubiaceae family, categorised as the lesser known tree. Its basic wood properties have not been thoroughly scientifically investigated. The chemical wood analyses were carried out at the laboratory of chemical forest products in the Forest Products Research and Development Center, Bogor. The Testing methods were according to the ASTM and TAPPI standard, included the content of extractive solubility (in cold water, hot water, benzene-alcohol, and in 1% NaOH), cellulose, pentose, lignin, ash, and silica. The calorific value was measured by the calorimeter. The result showed that the cellulose, pentose, and extractive solubility contents of Timo wood were high; the lignin and ash contents were moderate; the silica content was low; the calorific value was high (4400 cal/g). Based on the results of chemical wood analyses and calorific value, Timo wood is qualified for construction and wood energy; while it is not recommended for pulp and bioethanol.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Composition of Forest Waste in Terms of Its Further Use

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Marta Bożym ◽  
Arkadiusz Gendek ◽  
Grzegorz Siemiątkowski ◽  
Monika Aniszewska ◽  
Jan Malaťák
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Logging Residues

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the chemical composition and content of heavy metal contamination in forest logging residues, in order to assess the possibility for their further utilisation. The samples were divided into 9 groups, which included coniferous tree cones, wood, and other multi-species logging residues. The elementary composition, ash content, and calorific value were determined as energy use indicators for the samples. Additionally, the content of heavy and alkali metals, which may affect combustion processes and pollutant emissions, was tested. The high content of heavy metals may also disqualify these residues for other uses. The research shows that the test residues are suitable for energy use due to their high calorific value and low content of heavy metals. However, an increased ash content in some samples and the presence of alkali metals, causing high-temperature corrosion of boilers, may disqualify them as a potential fuel in the combustion process. The forest residues may be used in other thermal processes such as pyrolysis or gasification. A low content of heavy metals and a high content of organic matter permit the use of these residues for the production of adsorbents or composite materials.

scholarly journals Landscape and geochemical assessment of ecological condition of environmental protection territories

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Geochemical Conditions ◽  
Natural Park

Purpose. The problem of environmental pollution by heavy metals is one of the most important problems of the present and the near future. The compounds of these elements are characterized by high toxicity, mobility and ability to bio-accumulation. The aim of the study was to establish the main regularities of trace elements of the national natural park (NNP), to determine the indicators of their mobility for assessment of state of environment.Scientific novelty. The article discusses the features of distributing of heavy metals in the components of landscapes of the territory of the national natural park for realization of control and settlement of his concentration in accordance with the set norms.Results. The analysis of the landscape-geochemical conditions of the territory of the national natural park “Nyzhniosulskyi” has been performed. Consistent patterns of heavy metals distribution in the modern soil of the territory of NNP “Nyzhniosulskyi” have been determined. The analysis of landscape-geochemical conditions of the territory indicates that they generally contribute to the migration of chemical elements with land runoff as well as their significant vertical redistribution. The differentiation of landscape-geochemical conditions causes the fixation and accumulation of a significant number of natural and man-made chemical elements on the landscape-geochemical barriers (mechanical, redox, acid-alkaline, sorption, sorption-gley). This prevents from intense pollution of the vast majority of landscape regions in the park by polluting substances migrating from agricultural lands, which is confirmed by the results of the analysis of pollution sources and volumes. It was shown, that processes of transformation and migration of heavy metals compounds in the soil profile are determined by physical and chemical properties of soils.The analysis of the content of heavy metals in the soils of NNP “Nyzhniosulskyi” has shown that , the distribution of heavy metals is uniformly dispersive, but the variations in the content of certain heavy metals can range from ± 7% to ± 25%-35%. The greatest bioaccumulation capacity is expressed in biogenic microelements – manganese and cuprum. The analysis of heavy metals content in the landscape regions of NNP “Nyzhniosulskyi” has confirmed its dependence on available sources of technogenic contamination as well as the high degree of compliance of the nature of heavy metals distribution to the general laws of these processes in the soils of the relevant types. Most heavy metals get into the Sulyn aquatorium mainly during spring flood with snow melt water. The excess of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ in water has been noted in comparison with the current threshold level value regulations.According to the results of the landscape-geochemical analysis of the NNP “Nyzhniosulskyi”, it can be stated that the territory from the ecological point of view is poorly contaminated and can be used for the development of recreational activities in compliance with a number of requirements.Practical significance. The results of this study have been introduced into practice of the NNP “Nyzhniosulskyi” in organizing and conducting research work, for planning tourist and recreational activities, forming tourist routes, and organizing recreational infrastructure.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical and Proximate Analysis of Poly Herbal Formula- Palakalyana Ghrita

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-134
Author(s):  
Kariyakeranage Chandi Perera ◽  
◽  
Menuka Arawwawala ◽  
Sumeda Wijeratne ◽  
Deepal Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Physico Chemical

Background: Standardization is necessary in order to assess the quality of herbal formulations. Palakalyana Ghrita (PKG) is an herbal formula used in Ayurveda medical system to enhance fertility and immunity in both genders which consists nineteen medicinal plants with cow’s ghee and milk. As per available literature PKG formula has not been standardized although it is a commonly used drug by traditional practitioners. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the physio-chemical properties, nutrition composition and possible toxic elements and microorganisms of PKG formula. Methodology: Physico-chemical properties tested include refractive index, total ash content, acid in soluble ash content, water soluble ash content, moisture content, acid value, peroxide value, saponification value. Carbohydrate, protein, fatty acid, vitamin and mineral composition were assessed as nutritional parameters of PKG. Heavy metals and microorganisms were tested using standard protocols. Results: Unsaturated fatty acids namely Palmitoleic acid (0.26%), Oleic acid (40.36%) and Linoleic acid (9.19%) and saturated fatty acids; Capric acid (0.63%), Myristic acid (1.68%) Pentadecyclic acid (0.23%) Palmitic acid (42.25%) Margaric acid ((0.26%) and Stearic acid (4.85%) were present in the PKG formulation. The percentages of carbohydrate, protein and fat content of PKG were 0.04±0.0, 98.8±0.2 and 0.7 ± 0.0 respectively. Heavy metals and microbes were not detected. Conclusion: Results obtained could be utilized as references standard for quality assurance of PKG.

Fuel Briquettes from Sisal Waste in Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Udomdeja Polyium ◽  
Amornrat Pigoolthong
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The research aims to develop fuel briquettes from sisal waste material mixed with bagasse. Sisal wastes were collected from Hub Kapong Royal Project Phetchaburi Province Thailand. These material were mixed according to the ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 respectively. Characterization of physical and chemical properties of fuel briquettes were determined by percentage moisture content, percentage ash content, percentage volatile matter, percentage fixed carbon, and calorific value with the standard number ASTM 3173, ASTM D 3175, ASTM D 3174, ASTM D 3177 and ASTM D 3286 respectively. The results show that percentage moisture content values of 9.98 - 18.14, percentage volatile matter values of 42.59 - 68.04, percentage ash content values of 16.05 -25.41, percentage fixed carbon values of 5.93 - 13.86 and calorific values of 1,820.52 - 2,485.19 kcal/kg. Fuel briquettes to be used as a fuel substitute for firewood and charcoal.

scholarly journals Briquettes Produced With a Mixture of Urban Pruning Waste, Glycerin and Cassava Processing Residue

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Silvia Maccari Petricoski ◽  
Armin Feiden ◽  
Adriana Ferla de Oliveira ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Volatile Material ◽  
Lignocellulosic Residues ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Cassava Bagasse ◽  
Solid Biofuel

The briquette is considered a solid biofuel, made from the compaction of lignocellulosic residues used for the generation of energy. This work aimed to study the production of briquettes from mixtures of Urban Pruning Waste (RPU) (pruning of leaves and thin branches of trees), glycerin and cassava bagasse (Manihot esculenta). Samples of RPU, cassava bagasse and glycerol were mixed to yield treatments T1 (100% RPU), T2 (92% RPU and 8% cassava bagasse), T3 (97% RPU and 3% glycerin), T4 (89% RPU, 8% cassava bagasse and 3% Glycerin), T5 (94.5% RPU, 4% cassava bagasse and 1.5% glycerin) and T6 (control). Following this step, physical, chemical and energetic analyses (moisture content, volatile material content, fixed carbon and ash content, superior, inferior and useful calorific value, mechanical resistance, apparent and energetic density) of the briquettes were carried out. Treatment T2 had a lower fixed carbon value and volatile content, as well as higher ash content and mechanical strength. The percentages of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen did not differ statistically between the treatments. The higher, lower and useful heating values were higher in treatment T3. The results showed that treatments T1, T2 and T3 were more efficient, producing briquettes with properties that meet market specifications, besides presenting great energetic potential, being good substitutes for firewood.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Low-ash Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Pellets as a Solid Biofuel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Nasrin ◽  
Soh Kheang Loh ◽  
Mohamad Azri Sukiran ◽  
Nurul Adela Bukhari ◽  
Astimar Abdul Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Abstract Fuel quality is among the major issues encountered for commercial production and utilisation of oil palm-based biomass pellets from empty fruit bunches (EFB). In this study, a physical treatment, namely sieving and water washing, was applied to EFB prior to densification using an industrial-scale plant. The physiochemical properties of the produced EFB pellets were compared with those without physical treatment as the control. The results showed that the physical treatment process had significantly enhanced the fuel properties of EFB pellets, particularly in reducing ash content. Both the treatments; sieving alone and a combined sieving and water washing of the feedstock managed to reduce the ash content of EFB pellets to < 4 wt.% and < 2 wt.%, respectively compared to > 5 wt.% of typical commercial EFB pellets. The reduction in ash content improved the calorific value of pellets to > 17.5 MJ kg-1 which signified achieving a milestone for oil palm biomass-based heat and power generation from technical, operational, economic and environmental points of view. The findings also indicated that the combined sieving and water washing treatment method could potentially reduce further the unwanted ash-inducing elementals in EFB pellets, in particular chlorine and potassium. This study demonstrated that the employed physical treatment is an immediate and cost-effective practical commercial approach to improve the fuel properties of EFB pellets.

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