scholarly journals Effect of Alternative Preservation Steps and Storage on Vitamin C Stability in Fruit and Vegetable Products: Critical Review and Kinetic Modelling Approaches

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2630
Author(s):  
Maria C. Giannakourou ◽  
Petros S. Taoukis
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin C, a water-soluble compound, is a natural antioxidant in many plant-based products, possessing important nutritional benefits for human health. During fruit and vegetable processing, this bioactive compound is prone to various modes of degradation, with temperature and oxygen being recognised as the main factors responsible for this nutritional loss. Consequently, Vitamin C is frequently used as an index of the overall quality deterioration of such products during processing and post-processing storage and handling. Traditional preservation methods, such as thermal processing, drying and freezing, are often linked to a substantial Vitamin C loss. As an alternative, novel techniques or a combination of various preservation steps (“hurdles”) have been extensively investigated in the recent literature aiming at maximising Vitamin C retention throughout the whole product lifecycle, from farm to fork. In such an integrated approach, it is important to separately study the effect of each preservation step and mathematically describe the impact of the prevailing factors on Vitamin C stability, so as to be able to optimise the processing/storage phase. In this context, alternative mathematical approaches have been applied, including more sophisticated ones that incorporate parameter uncertainties, with the ultimate goal of providing more realistic predictions.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION OF WINTER WHEAT WITH WATER SOLUBLE COMPOUND FERTILIZER WITH MICROELEMENTS "POLY-FEED" FOR YIELD AND QUALITY GRAIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ORYOL REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Dorogavtsev ◽  
E. V. Sobolev ◽  
M. M. Tareeva ◽  
A. Yu. Burtsev ◽  
A. I. Gorbunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
The Impact

Often in the soils of crop rotations of grain crops, including on black soil, the content of mobile forms of copper, manganese, zinc and other trace elements is low. Improving the efficiency of making micronutrients for grain crops and determining the best ways and doses of their introduction are topical issues that need to be addressed in order to increase the productivity of crops. The purpose of research is to identify the effectiveness of the use of water soluble compound fertilizer with microelements of the company “Haifa Chemicals” in the technology of growing winter wheat on leached chernozem under conditions of the Oryol Region. Field production experiments were established in 2017-2018 on the basis of Orlovsky Leader LLC Branch №5” located in Livensky district. Field experience with the use of Haifa Chemicals products: Poly-Feed micronutrients 19-19-19 + 1MgO + ME and Poly-Feed 6-15-38 + 3 + ME was laid on soft winter wheat varieties Moskovskaya-56.The control variant was the basic technological scheme used in the household for carrying out leaf dressings with mineral fertilizers together with the organic fertilizer Gumostim. As a result of the research, it has been established that the use of double foliar feeding water soluble compound fertilizer with microelements Poly-Feed 19-19-19 + 1MgO + ME in the tillering stage and at the end of flowering and a single Poly-Feed 6-15-38 + 3 + IU in the subflag phase - flag leaf, increases the height of the plants, as well as the productive characteristics of the ear: the size of the ear, the number of grains in the ear, the mass of grains and their best quality, which in general provides a reliable increase in the yield of grain of winter wheat. At the same time, it was found that, due to leaf feeding, the impact of adverse weather conditions under which the development of winter wheat plants took place in 2018 and their productive properties were laid was leveled out. Due to relatively low additional costs, the use of complex fertilizers of the Poly-Feed brand for winter wheat is economically feasible and can bring additional economic income: based on the maximum level of minimum prices for the grain of the 2018 harvest, it will be 2.07-2.28 thousand rubles / ha regarding base technology. Thus, water-soluble fertilizers, which include Poly-Feed company "Haifa Chemicals" are recommended to domestic agricultural producers for mass introduction in practice of the technology of intensive sheet nutrition of grain and other crops.

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLINS (E141ii)

2019 ◽  
pp. 438-444
Author(s):  
Violeta Rakić ◽  
Milena Miljković ◽  
Vojkan Miljković ◽  
Nemanja Stančić
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Copper Complexes ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Spectroscopic Parameters ◽  
Absorbance Maximum ◽  
Green Food ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the water-soluble green food colorant copper complexes of chlorophyllins, E141ii, as one of the most popular within the food industry was investigated. First, the spectroscopic parameters, absorbance maximum, λmax-vis, and molar absorptivities, ε, of E141ii dye were determined. The impact of the presence of aspartame, citric acid and vitamin C on the change in the positions of the absorbance maximum and change of its intensity in the visible range of the E141ii spectra also was investigated. Recorded absorption spectra was show that this dye had two absorbance maxima. The average molar absorptivities were calculated. These values of molar absorptivities were later used to quantify the unknown dye concentration in the analyzed food samples. It was found that the use of additives (vitamin C, citric acid and aspartame) does not cause a change in the positions of the absorbance maximum and change of its intensity in the visible range of the E141ii spectra. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is possible to quantify the E141ii by UV-Vis spectrophotometric method in the presence of these additives. Based on determined spectroscopic parameters, the dye concentration was calculated in green rubber candy colored with E141ii.

scholarly journals Nutritional impacts of a fruit and vegetable subsidy programme for disadvantaged Australian Aboriginal children

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 2309-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Black ◽  
Hassan Vally ◽  
Peter Morris ◽  
Mark Daniel ◽  
Adrian Esterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Food Subsidies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
The Impact

Healthy food subsidy programmes have not been widely implemented in high-income countries apart from the USA and the UK. There is, however, interest being expressed in the potential of healthy food subsidies to complement nutrition promotion initiatives and reduce the social disparities in healthy eating. Herein, we describe the impact of a fruit and vegetable (F&V) subsidy programme on the nutritional status of a cohort of disadvantaged Aboriginal children living in rural Australia. A before-and-after study was used to assess the nutritional impact in 174 children whose families received weekly boxes of subsidised F&V organised through three Aboriginal medical services. The nutritional impact was assessed by comparing 24 h dietary recalls and plasma carotenoid and vitamin C levels at baseline and after 12 months. A general linear model was used to assess the changes in biomarker levels and dietary intake, controlled for age, sex, community and baseline levels. Baseline assessment in 149 children showed low F&V consumption. Significant increases (P< 0·05) in β-cryptoxanthin (28·9 nmol/l, 18 %), vitamin C (10·1 μmol/l, 21 %) and lutein–zeaxanthin (39·3 nmol/l, 11 %) levels were observed at the 12-month follow-up in 115 children, although the self-reported F&V intake was unchanged. The improvements in the levels of biomarkers of F&V intake demonstrated in the present study are consistent with increased F&V intake. Such dietary improvements, if sustained, could reduce non-communicable disease rates. A controlled study of healthy food subsidies, together with an economic analysis, would facilitate a thorough assessment of the costs and benefits of subsidising healthy foods for disadvantaged Aboriginal Australians.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the 1941 GLOF process chain at Lake Palcacocha (Cordillera Blanca, Peru)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mergili ◽  
Shiva P. Pudasaini ◽  
Adam Emmer ◽  
Jan-Thomas Fischer ◽  
Alejo Cochachin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Initiation Mechanism ◽  
Cordillera Blanca ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Cordillera Blanca in Peru has been the scene of rapid deglaciation for many decades. One of numerous lakes formed in the front of the retreating glaciers is the moraine-dammed Lake Palcacocha, which drained suddenly due to an unknown cause in 1941. The resulting Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) led to dam failure and complete drainage of Lake Jircacocha downstream, and to major destruction and thousands of fatalities in the city of Huaráz at a distance of 23 km. We chose an integrated approach to revisit the 1941 event in terms of topographic reconstruction and numerical back-calculation with the GIS-based open-source mass flow/process chain simulation framework r.avaflow, which builds on an enhanced version of the Pudasaini (2012) two-phase flow model. Thereby we consider four scenarios: (A) and (AX) breach of the moraine dam of Lake Palcacocha due to retrogressive erosion, assuming two different fluid characteristics; (B) failure of the moraine dam caused by the impact of a landslide on the lake; and (C) geomechanical failure and collapse of the moraine dam. The simulations largely yield empirically adequate results with physically plausible parameters, taking the documentation of the 1941 event and previous calculations of future scenarios as reference. Most simulation scenarios indicate travel times between 36 and 70 min to reach Huaráz, accompanied with peak discharges above 10 000 m3 s−1. The results of the scenarios indicate that the most likely initiation mechanism would be retrogressive erosion, possibly triggered by a minor impact wave and/or facilitated by a weak stability condition of the moraine dam. However, the involvement of Lake Jircacocha disguises part of the signal of process initiation farther downstream. Predictive simulations of possible future events have to be based on a larger set of back-calculated GLOF process chains, taking into account the expected parameter uncertainties and appropriate strategies to deal with critical threshold effects.

Genetic Variation: Impact on Folate (and Choline) Bioefficacy

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (45) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson A. West ◽  
Marie A. Caudill
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Dietary Folate ◽  
Methyl Donors ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Folate and choline are water-soluble micronutrients that serve as methyl donors in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Inadequacy of these nutrients can disturb one-carbon metabolism as evidenced by alterations in circulating folate and/or plasma homocysteine. Among common genetic variants that reside in genes regulating folate absorptive and metabolic processes, homozygosity for the MTHFR 677C > T variant has consistently been shown to have robust effects on status markers. This paper will review the impact of genetic variants in folate-metabolizing genes on folate and choline bioefficacy. Nutrient-gene and gene-gene interactions will be considered along with the need to account for these genetic variants when updating dietary folate and choline recommendations.

The specifics of shadow economic activity in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1896-1915
Author(s):  
E.R. Ermakova ◽  
O.M. Lizina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses the specifics of shadow economic activities in reformed Russia in the context of systemic transformations. Objectives. We focus on determining the role of shadow economy in the reproductive process, identifying and understanding the specifics of underground economic activity of the Russian economy. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy) and special methods of cognition (monetary methods). We employ the systems and integrated approach. The official statistics, regulations, works of leading researchers on shadow economy expansion, resources of reference and legal systems like Garant and ConsultantPlus serve as the study's information base. Results. We present a retrospective rapid analysis of the extent of shadow economic activity in the domestic economy, establishing the relationships with the processes that take place at different stages of the country's development. We also reveal the specifics of shadow economy relations in Russia, factors that play a key role in expansion for a particular period, a shift to another form of shadow economy. The study characterizes the current period of development, assesses the impact of external shocks on shadow economy expansion. Conclusions. The current period is characterized by the digitization of shadow relations, the shift of corruption to the upper echelons of power, the continued outflow of capital abroad, and increased penalties for underground activities.

Assessing the sustainability of the Siberian Federal District regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-908
Author(s):  
T.A. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Empirical Analyses

Subject. This article deals with the issues of functioning of the region as a system. Objectives. The article aims to identify the problems of the region's functioning as a system, develop methodological tools to monitor the sustainable development of the Siberian Federal District territories, and determine the the impact of socio-economic and environmental factors on the sustainable development of the region as a whole. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of theoretical, statistical, and empirical analyses taking into account an integrated approach. Results. The article reveals the impact of some individual components of regional development on the sustainability of the territorial system as a whole. Relevance. The results of the study can be used to analyze the sustainability of regions' development.

Assessment of the influence of the spatial environment on the socio-economic development of the municipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
K. N. Yusupov ◽  
V. M. Timiryanova, ◽  
Iu. S. Toktamysheva ◽  
A. F. Zimin,
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Municipal District ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The Impact

The article presents a methodology for assessing the impact of spatial environment on the socioeconomic development of municipalities. It relies on existing tools for assessing the state and potential of the geographical location of municipalities. An integrated approach allows to determine the potential of the interaction of the municipality with the neighbors of the first and second order. The methodology was tested on statistical data on the Blagovarsky municipal district.

scholarly journals Review on Sublethal Effects of Environmental Contaminants in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera), Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Di Noi ◽  
Silvia Casini ◽  
Tommaso Campani ◽  
Giampiero Cai ◽  
Ilaria Caliani
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Honey bees and the pollination services they provide are fundamental for agriculture and biodiversity. Agrochemical products and other classes of contaminants, such as trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, contribute to the general decline of bees’ populations. For this reason, effects, and particularly sublethal effects of contaminants need to be investigated. We conducted a review of the existing literature regarding the type of effects evaluated in Apis mellifera, collecting information about regions, methodological approaches, the type of contaminants, and honey bees’ life stages. Europe and North America are the regions in which A. mellifera biological responses were mostly studied and the most investigated compounds are insecticides. A. mellifera was studied more in the laboratory than in field conditions. Through the observation of the different responses examined, we found that there were several knowledge gaps that should be addressed, particularly within enzymatic and molecular responses, such as those regarding the immune system and genotoxicity. The importance of developing an integrated approach that combines responses at different levels, from molecular to organism and population, needs to be highlighted in order to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic contamination on this pollinator species.

scholarly journals Desiccation time and rainfall control gaseous carbon fluxes in an intermittent stream

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Arce ◽  
Mia M. Bengtsson ◽  
Daniel von Schiller ◽  
Dominik Zak ◽  
Jana Täumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Intermittent Stream ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial C ◽  
Global Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDroughts are recognized to impact global biogeochemical cycles. However, the implication of desiccation on in-stream carbon (C) cycling is not well understood yet. We subjected sediments from a lowland, organic rich intermittent stream to experimental desiccation over a 9-week-period to investigate temporal changes in microbial functional traits in relation to their redox requirements, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Concurrently, the implications of rewetting by simulated short rainfalls (4 and 21 mm) on gaseous C fluxes were tested. Early desiccation triggered dynamic fluxes of CO2 and CH4 with peak values of 383 and 30 mg C m−2 h−1 (mean ± SD), respectively, likely in response to enhanced aerobic mineralization and accelerated evasion. At longer desiccation, CH4 dropped abruptly, likely because of reduced abundance of anaerobic microbial traits. The CO2 fluxes ceased later, suggesting aerobic activity was constrained only by extended desiccation over time. We found that rainfall boosted fluxes of CO2, which were modulated by rainfall size and the preceding desiccation time. Desiccation also reduced the amount of WSOC and the proportion of labile compounds leaching from sediment. It remains questionable to which extent changes of the sediment C pool are influenced by respiration processes, microbial C uptake and cell lysis due to drying-rewetting cycles. We highlight that the severity of the dry period, which is controlled by its duration and the presence of precipitation events, needs detailed consideration to estimate the impact of intermittent flow on global riverine C fluxes.

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