Maternal Consumption of a Diet Rich in Maillard Reaction Products Accelerates Neurodevelopment in F1 and Sex-Dependently Affects Behavioral Phenotype in F2 Rat Offspring

Thermal processing of foods at temperatures > 100 °C introduces considerable amounts of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) into the diet. Maternal dietary exposure might affect the offspring early development and behavioral phenotype in later life. In a rat model, we examined the influence of maternal (F0) dietary challenge with AGEs-rich diet (AGE-RD) during puberty, pregnancy and lactation on early development, a manifestation of physiological reflexes, and behavioral phenotype of F1 and F2 offspring. Mean postnatal day of auditory conduit and eye opening, or incisor eruption was not affected by F0 diet significantly. F1 AGE-RD offspring outperformed their control counterparts in hind limb placing, in grasp tests and surface righting; grandsons of AGE-RD dams outperformed their control counterparts in hind limb placing and granddaughters in surface righting. In a Morris water maze, female AGE-RD F1 and F2 offspring presented better working memory compared with a control group of female offspring. Furthermore, male F2 AGE-RD offspring manifested anxiolysis-like behavior in a light dark test. Mean grooming time in response to sucrose splash did not differ between dietary groups. Our findings indicate that long-term maternal intake of AGE-RD intergenerationally and sex-specifically affects development and behavioral traits of offspring which have never come into direct contact with AGE-RD.

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The effect of maternal and post-weaning low and high glycaemic index diets on glucose tolerance, fat deposition and hepatic function in rat offspring

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174415007965 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 320-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. Gugusheff ◽

P. Sim ◽

A. Kheng ◽

S. Gentili ◽

M. Al-Nussairawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Later Life ◽

Hepatic Function ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Glycaemic Index ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Total Body ◽

The Impact

Clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of a maternal low glycaemic index (GI) diet on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, but the impact of the diet on the offspring in later life, and the mechanisms underlying these effects, remain unclear. In this study, Albino Wistar rats were fed either a low GI (n=14) or high GI (n=14) diet during pregnancy and lactation and their offspring weaned onto either the low or high GI diet. Low GI dams had better glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1322±55 v. 1523±72 mmol min/l, P<0.05) and a lower proportion of visceral fat (19.0±2.9 v. 21.7±3.8% of total body fat, P<0.05) compared to high GI dams. Female offspring of low GI dams had lower visceral adiposity (0.45±0.03 v. 0.53±0.03% body weight, P<0.05) and higher glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1243±29 v. 1351±39 mmol min/l, P<0.05) at weaning, as well as lower hepatic PI3K-p85 mRNA at 12 weeks of age. No differences in glucose tolerance or hepatic gene expression were observed in male offspring, but the male low GI offspring did have reduced hepatic lipid content at weaning. These findings suggest that consuming a low GI diet during pregnancy and lactation can improve glucose tolerance and reduce visceral adiposity in the female offspring at weaning, and may potentially produce long-term reductions in the hepatic lipogenic capacity of these offspring.

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Gut Microbiota Modulation by Dietary Barley Malt Melanoidins

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 241 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nesreen Aljahdali ◽

Pascale Gadonna-Widehem ◽

Pauline M. Anton ◽

Franck Carbonero

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Control Group ◽

Maillard Reaction Products ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Barley Malt ◽

16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽

The Impact

Melanoidins are the final Maillard reaction products (protein–carbohydrate complexes) produced in food by prolonged and intense heating. We assessed the impact of the consumption of melanoidins from barley malts on gut microbiota. Seventy-five mice were assigned into five groups, where the control group consumed a non-melanoidin malt diet, and other groups received melanoidin-rich malts in increments of 25% up to 100% melanoidin malts. Feces were sampled at days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21 and the microbiota was determined using V4 bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) by gas chromatography. Increased melanoidins was found to result in significantly divergent gut microbiota profiles and supported sustained SCFA production. The relative abundance of Dorea, Oscillibacter, and Alisitpes were decreased, while Lactobacillus, Parasutterella, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Barnesiella increased. Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia spp. were significantly increased in mice consuming the highest melanoidin amounts, suggesting remarkable prebiotic potential.

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Production of high-lysine-content biscuit and examination of the absorption of lysine in humans

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Alimentaria ◽

10.1515/ausal-2017-0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 21-35

Author(s):

J. Prokisch ◽

Z. Csiki ◽

Cs. Albert ◽

J. Csapó

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Health Centre ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Control Group ◽

Maillard Reaction Products ◽

Lysine Content ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Long Run ◽

The University ◽

And Control

AbstractIn the Medical and Health Centre of the University of Debrecen, we examined the changes in the free amino acid content of the blood serum of control and experimental individuals after consumption of 2,000 mg of lysine-laden biscuits. We baked the biscuits at 130 °C, during which the greater part (70–75%) of the lysine was not converted into Maillard reaction products. After 30–60 minutes of consumption of the biscuits, the free lysine content of the blood serum increased significantly in the experimental and control group with 41–46%, and even after three hours of consumption the level was 20% higher than in the initial concentration. The free arginine content of the blood serum did not change after the consumption of control and lysine biscuits neither in the control nor in the experimental group. Therefore, the free lysine/free arginine ratio of the individuals consuming lysine increased significantly compared to the initial and the control group’s value. The antioxidant level of the blood serum in the control group remained unchanged after the consumption of the control biscuit, while in the case of the experimental individuals who consumed lysine-fortified biscuits it increased by 40–45% compared to the initial level. Summing up: After consumption of the biscuits with 2,000 mg of free lysine, the concentration of free lysine in the blood serum, its free lysine/free arginine ratio and antioxidant level increased significantly. Our researches have clearly demonstrated that the active substances of the biscuit got into the blood serum, so the investigation of the active substance and the evaluation of the physiological effects are definitely recommended in the long run.

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Exposure to Deoxynivalenol During Pregnancy and Lactation Enhances Food Allergy and Reduces Vaccine Responsiveness in the Offspring in a Mouse Model

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.797152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Negisa Seyed Toutounchi ◽

Saskia Braber ◽

Belinda van’t Land ◽

Suzan Thijssen ◽

Johan Garssen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Early Life ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽

Immune Development ◽

Skin Response ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a highly prevalent contaminant of grain-based products, is known to induce reproductive- and immunotoxicities. Considering the importance of immune development in early life, the present study investigated the effects of perinatal DON exposure on allergy development and vaccine responsiveness in the offspring. Pregnant mice received control or DON-contaminated diets (12.5 mg/kg diet) during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, female offspring were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) by oral administration of OVA with cholera toxin (CT). Male offspring were injected with Influvac vaccine. OVA-specific acute allergic skin response (ASR) in females and vaccine-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in males were measured upon intradermal antigen challenge. Immune cell populations in spleen and antigen-specific plasma immunoglobulins were analyzed. In female CT+OVA-sensitized offspring of DON-exposed mothers ASR and OVA-specific plasma immunoglobulins were significantly higher, compared to the female offspring of control mothers. In vaccinated male offspring of DON-exposed mothers DTH and vaccine-specific antibody levels were significantly lower, compared to the male offspring of control mothers. In both models a significant reduction in regulatory T cells, Tbet+ Th1 cells and Th1-related cytokine production of the offspring of DON-exposed mothers was observed. In conclusion, early life dietary exposure to DON can adversely influence immune development in the offspring. Consequently, the immune system of the offspring may be skewed towards an imbalanced state, resulting in an increased allergic immune response to food allergens and a decreased immune response to vaccination against influenza virus in these models.

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Effects of Consumption of Maillard Reaction Products on Magnesium Digestibility and Tissue Distribution in Rats

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/1082013207078524 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 109-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Delgado-Andrade ◽

I. Seiquer ◽

M.P. Navarro

Keyword(s):

Tissue Distribution ◽

Maillard Reaction ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Magnesium Content ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

Heat Processing ◽

Control Group ◽

Maillard Reaction Products ◽

Reaction Products

Magnesium bioavailability could be affected by the presence of Maillard reaction products (MRP), formed during the heat processing of foods. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the consumption of MRP, derived from glucose-methionine (GM) mixtures heated for 30 min, on magnesium bioavailability and tissue distribution. Magnesium balances (whole experimental period and final week) were performed in rats. Animals were sacrificed and certain organs removed to analyse the magnesium content. In the experimental group, consumption of the heated GM mixture increased magnesium digestibility during the last week of the assay (72.1 ± 2.4%) compared with the control group (59.4 ± 1.3%); this variation was associated with MRP consumption and not with the residual methionine. However, no variations were found in magnesium bioavailability over the whole experimental period. The magnesium content in the femur was lower in the animals fed the MRP-diet than in the control group (0.67 ± 0.03 vs 0.86 ± 0.03 mg) but its concentration was higher in unusual deposits such as the liver and the kidney. Our results show that long-term dietary consumption of MRP could lead to alterations in bone health, which could contribute to the development and advance of degenerative bone diseases associated with aging.

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Effects of Dark Brown Sugar Replacing Sucrose and Calcium Carbonate, Chitosan, and Chitooligosaccharide Addition on Acrylamide and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Mitigation in Brown Sugar Cookies

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7060360 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 360

Author(s):

Yung-Shin Shyu ◽

Hsin-I Hsiao ◽

Jui-Yu Fang ◽

Wen-Chieh Sung

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Raw Material ◽

Control Group ◽

Maillard Reaction Products ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Brown Sugar ◽

Acrylamide Formation ◽

Baking Industry

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of dark brown sugar on acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels in brown sugar cookies. Dark brown sugar was used as a raw material instead of sucrose, and chitosan, chitooligosaccharides, or calcium carbonate were added to investigate their effect on acrylamide and HMF mitigation. The results demonstrated that the higher the content of acrylamide in the dark brown sugar, the higher the amount of acrylamide produced in baked brown sugar cookies. The addition of dark brown sugar significantly increased the diameter and decreased the thickness of cookies, which induced more acrylamide formation. Therefore, the sucrose control cookies were harder and thicker than dark brown sugar cookies. The addition of 1% chitosan, chitooligosaccharide, or calcium carbonate did not reduce the acrylamide formation of the brown sugar cookies. The content of acrylamide and HMF in the sucrose control group was lower than that in dark brown sugar groups, and chitooligosaccharide increased the level of HMF. This is due to the fact that the content of reducing sugar in dark brown sugar is higher than that in sucrose, and dark brown sugar contains acrylamide. There was no difference in the concentration of reducing sugar between test and control cookies (p > 0.05). The L values of brown sugar were lower than those of sucrose cookies, especially for chitooligosaccharide addition (p < 0.05). The addition of chitooligosaccharide generated more Maillard reaction products and caramelization. The reducing power of dark brown sugar cookies was higher than that of sucrose control cookies. The baking industry should choose sucrose or dark brown sugar containing a low acrylamide content as an ingredient to prevent the final products from containing high levels of acrylamide.

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Maternal methionine supplementation in mice affects long-term body weight and locomotor activity of adult female offspring

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521002075 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-27

Author(s):

Vanessa Cavalcante-Silva ◽

Julia Ribeiro da Silva Vallim ◽

Leandro Fernandes ◽

Allan Chiaratti de Oliveira ◽

Vânia D’Almeida

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Locomotor Activity ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Relative Increase ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Methyl Radicals ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Methionine Supplementation

Abstract Methionine is a precursor of s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the main donor of methyl radicals for methylation of DNA and other compounds. Previous studies have shown that reduced availability of methyl radicals during pregnancy/lactation decreased offspring perigonadal white adipose tissue (PWAT) and body weight. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of methionine supplementation during early development, a time of great ontogenic plasticity, by assessing the biometric, biochemical, and behavioral parameters of the offspring of adult Swiss female mice supplemented with 1% methionine in water one month before pregnancy, and during pregnancy or pregnancy/lactation. After birth, the offspring were distributed into three groups: control (CT), methionine supplementation during pregnancy (SP) and methionine supplementation during pregnancy and lactation (SPL), and were followed until postnatal day (PND) 300. No changes were observed in offspring birth weight in both sexes. At PND 5, 28, 90 no differences in body weight were found in females, however, at PND 300 SP and SPL females showed an increase in body weight when compared to the control group. This increase in body weight was accompanied by a total and relative increase in PWAT, and a decrease in locomotor activity in these groups. No differences in the body and organ weights were found in male offspring. In conclusion, the increased availability of methyl radicals during pregnancy and lactation impacted long-term body composition and locomotor activity in female offspring.

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Effect of Fetal and Neonatal Hypothyroidism on Glucose Tolerance in Middle-Aged Female Rats

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530320666201109113903 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Sajad Jeddi ◽

Saeedeh Khalifi ◽

Mahboubeh Ghanbari ◽

Asghar Ghasemi

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Female Rat ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽

Glucose Levels

Background and objective: The effects of hypothyroidism during pregnancy and lactation on carbohydrate metabolism have been mostly studied in male animals. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate effect of fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism (FH and NH) on the glucose tolerance in middle-aged female rat offspring. Methods: Pregnant female rats were divided into three groups: Rats in the control group consumed tap water, while those in the FH and NH groups consumed 250 mg/L of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in their drinking water during gestation or lactation periods, respectively. After weaning, the female offspring were separated and divided into 3 groups (n=8/group): Control, FH, and NH. Body weight was recorded monthly and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed at month 12. Results: Compared to controls, female rats in the FH group had significantly higher plasma glucose levels than controls throughout the IVGTT except at min 60. Values at min 5 of the FH and control group were 196.1±1.9 and 155.3±5.9 mg/dL, respectively (P<0.05). In the NH group, plasma glucose levels were significantly higher only at min 5 (185.7±14.1 vs. 155.3±5.9 mg/dL, P<0.05). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism during fetal or neonatal periods caused glucose intolerance in middle-aged female offspring rats.

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