scholarly journals Urban Growth-Oriented Green Accumulation: Ecological Conservation Planning in the Shenzhen DaPeng Peninsula in Southern China

Author(s):  
Dan Lin

Neoliberal conservation has recently become a topic of academic research and a method of practice within the context of globalization. Less attention has been given to how neoliberal conservation has been practiced at the urban scale. This paper draws on the concept of ‘urban-growth-oriented green grabbing’ to capture the multidimensionality of the reasoning and process of ecological conservation in an urban growth context. It focuses on two ecological spatial protection plans for the DaPeng Peninsula in the city of Shenzhen, China. Through empirical investigation, this article traces the political economy of these plans and draws out the insights they offer regarding theories of urban environmentalism. The empirical results show that the ecological conservation plans are best understood as ‘green grabbing’ that has been achieved by land transfer and spatial interest redistribution. Conceptually, the paper provides further evidence of the process of neoliberal conservation within the urban context.

GeoTextos ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Aparecida da Conceição Ribeiro

O crescimento urbano, associado ao desenvolvimento tecnológico, atribui outros sentidos para a cidade e novos de sociabilidade. Estes, muitas vezes, se constituem a partir da fruição de produtos midiáticos. Assim, vemos surgir espaços que se transformam pela apropriação de grupos identificados com determinados produtos culturais. Este trabalho busca investigar, a partir das manifestações ligadas aos produtos da mídia, como as diversas identidades se constituem no espaço urbano e como estas influenciam na apropriação e nos novos usos deste espaço. Nossa abordagem tem como objeto empírico as manifestações ligadas à black music, mais especificamente ao Quarteirão do Soul, movimento que acontece nas tardes de sábado na região central de Belo Horizonte. O Quarteirão do Soul surgiu como uma forma de se reencontrarem os amigos que frequentavam os chamados bailes black no centro da cidade nos anos 1970 e que, com o passar dos anos, foram sendo expurgados para a periferia da cidade. Tal manifestação constitui uma forma de resistência, pois os participantes do Quarteirão do Soul se apropriaram do local mesmo sem o aval da prefeitura, e também caracteriza-se pela afirmação da identidade de seus participantes, que se espelham no discurso de igualdade pregado pelo movimento soul representado principalmente pela figura do cantor James Brown. Abstract DEFIANCE AND IDENTIFY IN THE URBAN CONTEXT: BLACK MUSIC SETS THE TONE AND CONQUERS SPACE IN THE QUARTEIRÃO DO SOUL IN BELO HORIZONTE Urban growth, associated with technologic development, assigns new meanings to cities; new influences are delineated and create different parameters of sociability. Such parameters, many times constitute themselves from the flow of media products. Therefore, in Belo Horizonte, we see new spaces being formed or the same old locations transforming themselves thorough the appropriation of groups formed by the common taste for specific cultural products. This work intends to investigate, based on the manifestations connected with media products, how different identities establish themselves in the urban space and how they influence the appropriation and new uses ascribed to the space. Our approach has as an empirical object the manifestations linked with black music, most specifically to the Quarteirão do Soul, an event that takes place on saturday afternoons in the central region of Belo Horizonte. The Quarteirão do Soul was born as a form of reconnecting with friends that frequented the so called black parties in the center of the city in the 70s, and that, with the years were obliterated to the suburbs. This manifestation constitutes a form of resistance, because its participants appropriate themselves of the place without the clearance from the mayor’s office and it characterizes itself by the affirmation of the identity of its attendees, which mirror themselves in the discourse of equality preached by the soul movement represented primarily by the figure of the singer James Brown.


2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Almir Francisco Reis

A Ilha de Santa Catarina, onde se situa a maior parte do município de Florianópolis, no sul do Brasil, tem cerca de 42% de seu território enquadrado como Área de Preservação Permanente, índice extremamente elevado, talvez único no país. Estas áreas constituem barreiras ao processo de ocupação, caracterizando de modo marcante o tecido descontínuo da cidade, apesar da intensidade das transformações por que vêm passando, a partir do desenvolvimento urbano-turístico. O presente trabalho, tendo por base aportes colocados pelo paradigma ambiental e a busca por uma cidade articulada por uma rede de espaços livres públicos densa e carregada de urbanidade, faz uma leitura histórica desse processo. Analisa os impactos sobre ecossistemas costeiros e reflete sobre possibilidades e limitações das áreas de preservação ambiental no contexto urbano. Palavras-chave: preservação ambiental; crescimento urbano-turístico; projeto urbano; Ilha de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis. Abstract: Santa Catarina Island, which is a major part of the municipality of Florianópolis, has about 42% of its territory framed as Permanent Preservation Area, a very high rate, perhaps unique in Brazil. Despite the intensity of the contemporary urban growth processes in the island, these areas constitute barriers to the urban occupation process and strongly characterize the discontinuous fabric of the city. Based on environmental paradigms and searching for a city articulated by a network of public open spaces, the paper makes ahistorical reading of this process. It analyzes the impacts of urban and tourism growth on the coastal ecosystems and reflects on the possibilities and limitations of environmental preservation areas in the urban context. Keywords: environmental preservation; urban and tourism growth; urban design; Santa Catarina Island; Florianópolis.


Author(s):  
Ian Parkman ◽  
Samuel Holloway

While most academic research has considered authenticity from the consumers perspective, this paper proposes and tests a new empirical operationalization of Beverlands (2005) widely cited proposition that firm-side authenticity is…partly true and partly rhetorical (p.1008). Our study presents a model based on the Competitive Advantage (CA) that results from congruence between the partly true aspects of the firms internal culture, resources, and capabilities measured as Innovation Capacity (IC), alongside Corporate Identity Management (CIM) as the organizations partly rhetorical outwardly-directed corporate branding and marketing promotions activities. Our findings are interpreted through a four-quadrant Rosetta Stone framework for evaluating firm-side authenticity across organizational contexts and environments describing how high-IC/high-CIM (i.e., Authentic) firms create differentiation from low-IC/low-CIM Inauthentic organizations and low-IC/high-CIM Faux Imitators competitors who attempt to compensate for their lack of IC through increased investments in CIM.


Author(s):  
Gabriel Lefebvre-Ropars ◽  
Catherine Morency ◽  
Paula Negron-Poblete

The increasing popularity of street redesigns highlights the intense competition for street space between their different users. More and more cities around the world mention in their planning documents their intention to rebalance streets in favor of active transportation, transit, and green infrastructure. However, few efforts have managed to formalize quantifiable measurements of the balance between the different users and usages of the street. This paper proposes a method to assess the balance between the three fundamental dimensions of the street—the link, the place, and the environment—as well as a method to assess the adequation between supply and demand for the link dimension at the corridor level. A series of open and government georeferenced datasets were integrated to determine the detailed allocation of street space for 11 boroughs of the city of Montréal, Canada. Travel survey data from the 2013 Origine-Destination survey was used to model different demand profiles on these streets. The three dimensions of the street were found to be most unbalanced in the central boroughs of the city, which are also the most dense and touristic neighborhoods. A discrepancy between supply and demand for transit users and cyclists was also observed across the study area. This highlights the potential of using a distributive justice framework to approach the question of the fair distribution of street space in an urban context.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Francisco Maturana ◽  
Mauricio Morales ◽  
Fernando Peña-Cortés ◽  
Marco A. Peña ◽  
Carlos Vielma

Urbanization is spreading across the world and beyond metropolitan areas. Medium-sized cities have also undergone processes of accelerated urban expansion, especially in Latin America, thanks to scant regulation or a complete lack thereof. Thus, understanding urban growth in the past and simulating it in the future has become a tool to raise its visibility and challenge territorial planners. In this work, we use Markov chains, cellular automata, multi-criteria multi-objective evaluation, and the determination of land use/land cover (LULC) to model the urban growth of the city of Temuco, Chile, a paradigmatic case because it has experienced powerful growth, where real estate development pressures coexist with a high natural value and the presence of indigenous communities. The urban scenario is determined for the years 2033 and 2049 based on the spatial patterns between 1985 and 2017, where the model shows the trend of expansion toward the northeast and significant development in the western sector of the city, making them two potential centers of expansion and conflict in the future given the heavy pressure on lands that are indigenous property and have a high natural value, aspects that need to be incorporated into future territorial planning instruments.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Salman Qureshi ◽  
Saman Nadizadeh Shorabeh ◽  
Najmeh Neysani Samany ◽  
Foad Minaei ◽  
Mehdi Homaee ◽  
...  

Due to irregular and uncontrolled expansion of cities in developing countries, currently operational landfill sites cannot be used in the long-term, as people will be living in proximity to these sites and be exposed to unhygienic circumstances. Hence, this study aims at proposing an integrated approach for determining suitable locations for landfills while considering their physical expansion. The proposed approach utilizes the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) to weigh the sets of identified landfill location criteria. Furthermore, the weighted linear combination (WLC) approach was applied for the elicitation of the proper primary locations. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) and cellular automation-based Markov chain method were used to predict urban growth. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed approach, it was applied to a case study, namely the city of Mashhad in Iran, where suitable sites for landfills were identified considering the urban growth in different geographical directions for this city by 2048. The proposed approach could be of use for policymakers, urban planners, and other decision-makers to minimize uncertainty arising from long-term resource allocation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Inés Pardo Martínez ◽  
William Alfonso Piña ◽  
Angelo Facchini ◽  
Alexander Cotte Poveda

Abstract Background Currently, most of the world’s population lives in cities, and the rapid urbanization of the population is driving increases in the demand for products, goods and services. To effectively design policies for urban sustainability, it is important to understand the trends of flows in energy and materials as they enter and leave a city. This knowledge is essential for determining the key elements characterizing future urban growth and addressing future supply challenges. Methods This paper presents an analysis of the energy and material flows in the city of Bogotá over the time span from 2001 to 2017. Urban flows are also characterized in terms of their temporal evolution with respect to population growth to compare and identify the changes in the main input flows, wealth production, emissions and waste in the city. Results The results of the analysis are then compared with those for other selected large urban agglomerations in Latin America and worldwide to highlight similarities and make inferences. The results show that in Bogotá, there was a decrease in some of the material flows, such as the consumption of water and the generation of discharge, in recent years, while there was an increase in the consumption of energy and cement and in the production of CO2 emissions and construction materials. Solid waste production remained relatively stable. With respect to the other large cities considered, we observe that the 10-year growth rates of the flows with respect to population growth are lower in Bogotá, particularly when compared with the other urban agglomerations in Latin America. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for advancing characterizations of the trends of material and energy flows in cities, and they contribute to the establishment of a benchmark that allows for the definition and evaluation of the different impacts of public policy while promoting the sustainability of Bogotá in the coming decades.


2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Lindén ◽  
Jan Esper ◽  
Björn Holmer

AbstractUrban areas are believed to affect temperature readings, thereby biasing the estimation of twentieth-century warming at regional to global scales. The precise effect of changes in the surroundings of meteorological stations, particularly gradual changes due to urban growth, is difficult to determine. In this paper, data from 10 temperature stations within 15 km of the city of Mainz (Germany) over a period of 842 days are examined to assess the connection between temperature and the properties of the station surroundings, considering (i) built/paved area surface coverage, (ii) population, and (iii) night light intensity. These properties were examined in circles with increasing radii from the stations to identify the most influential source areas. Daily maximum temperatures Tmax, as well as daily average temperatures, are shown to be significantly influenced by elevation and were adjusted before the analysis of anthropogenic surroundings, whereas daily minimum temperatures Tmin were not. Significant correlations (p < 0.1) between temperature and all examined properties of station surroundings up to 1000 m are found, but the effects are diminished at larger distance. Other factors, such as slope and topographic position (e.g., hollows), were important, especially to Tmin. Therefore, properties of station surroundings up to 1000 m from the stations are most suitable for the assessment of potential urban influence on Tmax and Tmin in the temperate zone of central Europe.


2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivor Chipkin

Abstract:This article considers a burgeoning literature on Johannesburg from the perspective of the sorts of questions it asks about the city. There is a substantial and lively literature on questions of poverty and equality, class and race. These studies are strongly informed by the idea that the mechanisms that produce such inequalities are key to understanding the nature of Johannesburg as a city: in terms of how its economy works and how political institutions function, but also in terms of what sort of city Johannesburg is and can be. I consider sociological and economic studies of the inner city that try to account for demographic shifts in the inner city and for processes of social and physical degeneration. I review urban anthropologies of inner-city society, considering in particular new forms of social and economic organization among inner-city residents. Related to these, I discuss debates among scholars about the prospects for governing the city, paying special attention to the consequences for such readings on partnerships. I also discuss an emerging literature, critical of that above, which seeks to shift analysis of the city toward studies of culture and identity. These literatures do not simply approach the city through different disciplinary lenses (sociology or economy or anthropology or cultural studies) . They come to their studies from different normative perspectives. For some, the key political question of the day is one about social and political equality in its various forms. For others, it is about the degree to which Johannesburg (or Africa) is different from or the same as other places in the world. This paper has tried to bring to the fore the political (and not simply policy) consequences of these different views. It concludes not by seeking to reconcile these perspectives, but by suggesting a way of retaining a commitment to equality and justice while not reducing them simply to questions of economy. At stake, I argue, are questions of democratic culture and of sociability.


Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Simone Ferrari ◽  
Federica Zagarella ◽  
Paola Caputo ◽  
Giuliano Dall’O’

To boost energy efficiency in the building sector at urban and district scales, the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) for data collection and energy spatial analysis is relevant. As highlighted in many studies on this topic reported in literature, the correlation among available databases is complex due to the different levels of information. As the first part of a wide research aimed at estimating the energy demand of urban buildings, we present in this article a focus on the details of the GIS-based procedure developed to assess the main energy-related features of existing building stocks. The procedure is based on the elaboration of data from the Italian Topographic Databases, under provision at the national level according to the INSPIRE European Directive and the national General Census of Population and Houses. It enables one to calculate and map the urban built volume characterized by mostly diffuse use categories in an urban context (residential and offices), to which different equipment and building usage patterns can be associated, and by construction periods, featuring different technological solutions. The method has been applied to the city of Milan (Italy). An insight into the outcomes from the overall method of the wider research is also reported.


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