scholarly journals Dispersion of Natural Airborne TiO2 Fibres in Excavation Activity as a Potential Environmental and Human Health Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6587
Author(s):  
Sebastiano La Maestra ◽  
Francesco D’Agostini ◽  
Elisa Sanguineti ◽  
Adrián Yus González ◽  
Samanta Annis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Tio2 Particles ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ligurian Alps ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Particle Size And Shape ◽  
Abundant Element ◽  
Geological Formations

Titanium is the ninth most abundant element, approximately 0.7% of the Earth crust. It is used worldwide in large quantities for various applications. The IARC includes TiO2 in Group 2B as possibly carcinogenic to humans suggesting that pathological effects correlate to particle size and shape. This study case quantifies the release of natural TiO2 particles during mining activity, involving meta-basalt and shale lithologies in the Ligurian Alps, during excavation of the Terzo Valico as part of the Trans-European Transport Network. Type, width, length, aspect ratio, and concentration of TiO2 particles in needle habit were determined. The different samplings have reported that airborne concentrations in meta-basalt were 4.21 ff/L and 23.94 ff/L in shale. In both cases, the concentration never exceeds the limits established by various organizations for workers health protection. Nevertheless, TiO2 elongated particles, recognized as rutile, showed the dimensional characteristic of fibres, as reported by WHO. These fibres deserve particular attention because they can reach the alveolar space and trigger inflammation and chronic diseases. The results indicate that monitoring the TiO2 in both working environments and Ti-rich geological formations, associated with epidemiological studies, may represent a useful tool to determine the exposure risk of workers and the general population.

scholarly journals Geothermal System Study Case near Bucharest

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06058
Author(s):  
Galina Prică ◽  
Lohengrin Onuțu ◽  
Grațiela Țârlea
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Response ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
System Study ◽  
Accurate Calculation ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
One Step ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Geological Formations

The article shows a study case of a geothermal system near Bucharest. In the paper it is shown that for a good efficiency of a geothermal system for heating and air conditioning, it is important to follow a few steps. One step is a very accurate calculation of the heat and cold load. In the next step it is important to use a specific equipment to obtain the Thermal Response Test (TRT) of geological formations crossed by the borehole. TRT is helpful in providing information related to the evolution of the soil temperature while introducing a thermal load. All information that can be obtained or calculated from the TRT will provide how the climate system will function in time and its efficiency. Furthermore, the effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of the well will be determined, extremely important parameters in designing the correct length of the geoheat exchanger. The article used specific software to simulate the evolution of parameters in time, for soil and heat pump. Earth Energy Design offer information for the number of needed boreholes, the depth and the yearly evolution of the soil’s temperature in time for the system etc. Following all these main steps, finally a very efficient system can be designed, that can ensure the heating and produce hot water for the consumption of a house, office building or of other destination buildings.

The strength of the Earth’s magnetic field from Pre-Pottery to Pottery Neolithic, Jordan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Di Chiara ◽  
Lisa Tauxe ◽  
Thomas Levy ◽  
Mohammand Najjar ◽  
Fabio Florindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Secular Variations ◽  
Geological Formations

<p>Constraining the secular variations of the Earth’s magnetic field strength in the past is fundamental to understanding short term processes of the geodynamo. Such records constitute a powerful and independent dating tool for archaeological sites and geological formations. In this study, we present 10 new and robust archaeointensity results from Pre-Pottery to Pottery Neolithic and, for one of the first times, flint (burnt chert) from Jordan. Two of these results constitute the oldest archaeointensity data for the entire Levant, ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia extending the archaeomagnetic dating reference for the Holocene. Virtual Axial Dipole Moments (VADM)s show that the Earth’s magnetic field in the Southern Levant was weak (about half the present field) at around 7,600 years BCE, recovering its strength to greater than the present field around 7,100 BCE and gradually weakening again around 5,200 years BCE. In addition, successful results obtained from burnt flint demonstrate the potential of this rarely used material in archaeomagnetic research, in particular for prehistoric periods from the first use of fire to the invention of pottery.</p>

Orientierung in der medizinischen Forschung

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Christian Jassoy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Study ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Study Type ◽  
Control Study

AbstractEducation of medical students requires teaching students how to navigate in the broad field of medical research. The objective of this article is to provide an overview about medical research and to show how to denote a medical study in a concise fashion. Medical research can be classified into categories according to the object of investigation. Examples for medical research categories are therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic studies, epidemiological studies, animal and in vitro studies etc. Each research category uses a specific set of study types with names such as cross-sectional study, case-control study etc. The article describes the principles of the study types. Together, research category and study type briefly describe the design of a medical study.

Environmental Innovations as a Factor of Increasing the Economic Efficiency of Production. Study Case: Pavlodar Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1649
Author(s):  
Zylfiya Amangeldinovna ARYNOVA ◽  
Lyazzatkenovna KAIDAROVA ◽  
Rysty Bozmanaevna SARTOVA ◽  
Gulmira Duisenbaevna BAYANDINA ◽  
Shynar Zhakanovna RAKHMETULLINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Technogenic Impact ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Production Study ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Means Of Production

The relevance of the research topic is that the world has turned its face to the environmental problem, which is the created real threat of a global environmental catastrophe. The aggravation of relations between society and the environment is facilitated by a technogenic type of economic development, of a nature-destructive nature, based on the use of natural resources and means of production without taking into account environmental restrictions. Environmental innovations as a factor in increasing the economic efficiency of production in order to improve products and services require the development of technologies, which include environmentally friendly biotechnology, waste processing technologies, low-polluting technologies, etc. There is a need for radical changes in the methods and means of environmental protection, which reduce the technogenic impact on the biosphere of the Earth, and contribute to the preservation of human health.

Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans: The Risks to Human Health. A Review

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Skene ◽  
I.C. Dewhurst ◽  
M. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Specific Receptor ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tcdd Equivalents ◽  
Related Compounds

1 PCDDs and PCDFs are ubiquitous and persistent in the environment. They are to be found in body tissues of both humans and animals. 2 The most extensively studied PCDD is 2,3,7,8-TCDD. It has been shown to produce a wide range of effects and is considered to be a (non-genotoxic) carcinogen in animals. 3 Studies into the mechanisms of toxicity so far reveal that there is involvement of a specific receptor (Ah), however further work is required to elucidate the mechanisms of the various effects. 4 Reports on a number of human exposures to PCDDs and PCDFs are described. Results from human epidemiological studies are difficult to interpret: there have been problems in methodology; there has been inadequate information on intake, and exposures have often been to mixtures of PCDDs and/or PCDFs together with other related compounds. 5 Many regulatory authorities faced with the problem of providing an index of risk from exposure to mixtures of PCDDs and PCDFs have employed the concept of 'TCDD equivalents'. 6 Whether or not PCDDs and PCDFs pose a significant human health risk at current levels of exposure they remain of considerable interest to the toxicologist.

Electrocatalytic generation of H2 from neutral water in acetonitrile using manganese polypyridyl complexes with ligand assistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (20) ◽  
pp. 6518-6522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyandshwar Kumar Rao ◽  
Mohammad Parsa Jamshidi ◽  
Jeremy I. G. Dawkins ◽  
Wendy Pell ◽  
Ilia Korobkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polypyridyl Complexes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Acetonitrile Solutions ◽  
Neutral Water ◽  
Abundant Element

The earth-abundant element, manganese can be employed in electrocatalytically active complexes for H2 generation from neutral water added to acetonitrile solutions.

scholarly journals II. On the Classification of the Cretaceous Beds

1865 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. C. Godwin-Austen
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Geological Formations ◽  
Geological Magazine

The two Memoirs by Dr. Reynès, on the Cretaceous formation, which were noticed in the ninth number of the Geological Magazine, suggest two questions: how far subdivisions there proposed are applicable to the Cretaceous series of this country; and, next, as to the sufficiency of the ground on which the synchronism of the subdivisions of geological formations has been based. The subject of the second Memoir, ‘De l'Étage,’ involves considerations which might be well extended to the whole range of the geological series: indeed, it will hardly be profitable to make much progress with the past physical history of the earth until rules for determining geological horizons shall be established.

An Alternative to Laboratory Animal Experimentation for Human Health Risk Assessment: Epidemiological Studies of Pet Animals

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-285
Author(s):  
Lawrence T. Glickman ◽  
Linda M. Domanski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment

Alternative approaches to the use of laboratory animals for human health risk assessment have traditionally utilised in vitro techniques. We propose an expanded concept of an alternative to include epidemiological studies of pet animals with spontaneously occurring disease. Compared with humans, the use of pet animals has the advantage of a shorter latent period for development of most diseases and is less confounded by occupational exposures or self-selected personal exposures such as alcohol and tobacco consumption. In contrast to laboratory animal experiments, spontaneous tumours in pets reflect natural exposures to a wide variety of environmental carcinogens, which may be more sensitive for the evaluation of the effects of complex low level ambient exposures, such as air pollutants. Sources of data on pet populations and their diseases are described and examples of epidemiological studies in pet animals are presented. Unlike laboratory animal experiments which primarily benefit humans, research into the cause, prevention, and treatment of spontaneously occurring diseases in pet animals may benefit the individual animal and the species.

scholarly journals A QUÍMICA NA AVALIAÇÃO DO IMPACTO À SAÚDE HUMANA DIANTE DA EXPOSIÇÃO AOS PESTICIDAS

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssyca Medeiros ◽  
Raphael Acayaba ◽  
Cassiana Montagner
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Pesticides Exposure

THE CHEMISTRY IN THE HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT DUE PESTICIDES EXPOSURE. Pesticides are widely used worldwide in urban and rural environments. Since most pesticides are not selective for target species the concern about possible impacts on human health has increased for the workers exposed to these substances (occupational exposure) and for the general population (environmental exposure). Epidemiological studies, in vivo and in vitro have associated several diseases with pesticide exposure, such as cancer, diabetes, Parkinson’s, and others. Therefore, chemistry plays an important role in evaluation of external (food and drinking water) and internal (human biomonitoring) exposure to pesticides through of analytical methodologies, for instance, chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, proving to be an important complement in the evaluation of risks of pesticides in human health.

scholarly journals PARTICIPATION OF BRAYUT VILLAGE SOCIETY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM VILLAGE BASED ON ECOTOURISM AS A REPRESENTATION OF HUMAN NATURE PHILOSOPHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Fadhila Rachmadani
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Tourist Village ◽  
Human Responsibility ◽  
Village Society ◽  
The Village ◽  
Special Region

The environmental crisis is a problem that has a serious impact for life on the earth. Drought, climate change, and environmental degradation are the part of the environmental crisis which is caused by human intervention to the environment. This paper is discussesed a study case about participation of Brayut Village society, Pendowoharjo, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region in developing of tourist village based on ecotourism. Brayut has developed the village based on ecotourism in order to maintain the natural conservation which is concern on agriculture. The participation of Brayut society in the implementation of ecotourism is represents environmental awareness attitude which is deliver a point to the public about a response to the environment crisis in Pendowoharjo, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region. Also as a reflection of human nature philosophy that shows a human responsibility to the environment.

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