scholarly journals Geospatial User Feedback: How to Raise Users’ Voices and Collectively Build Knowledge at the Same Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Alaitz Zabala ◽  
Joan Masó ◽  
Lucy Bastin ◽  
Gregory Giuliani ◽  
Xavier Pons
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
User Feedback ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Data Usage ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Status ◽  
Open Geospatial Consortium ◽  
Analytical Tools

Geospatial data is used not only to contemplate reality but also, in combination with analytical tools, to generate new information that requires interpretation. In this process data users gain knowledge about the data and its limitations (the user side of data quality) as well as knowledge on the status and evolutions of the studied phenomena. Knowledge can be annotations on top of the data, responses to questions, a careful description of the processes applied, a piece of software code or scripts applied to the data, usage reports or a complete scientific paper. This paper proposes an extension of the current Open Geospatial Consortium standard for Geospatial User Feedback to include the required knowledge elements, and a practical implementation. The system can incrementally collect, store, and communicate knowledge elements created by users of the data and keep them linked to the original data by means of permanent data identifiers. The system implements a Web API to manage feedback items as a frontend to a database. The paper demonstrates how a JavaScript widget accessing this API as a client can be easily integrated into existing data catalogues, such as the ECOPotential web service or the GEOEssential data catalogue, to collectively collect and share knowledge.

Method for measuring distortions of a speech signal during its transmission over a communication channel to a biometric identification system

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
V. V. Savchenko ◽  
A. V. Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Speaker Identification ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Identification System ◽  
New Information ◽  
Discrimination Criterion ◽  
A Priori Uncertainty

This paper is devoted to the presence of distortions in a speech signal transmitted over a communication channel to a biometric system during voice-based remote identification. We propose to preliminary correct the frequency spectrum of the received signal based on the pre-distortion principle. Taking into account a priori uncertainty, a new information indicator of speech signal distortions and a method for measuring it in conditions of small samples of observations are proposed. An example of fast practical implementation of the method based on a parametric spectral analysis algorithm is considered. Experimental results of our approach are provided for three different versions of communication channel. It is shown that the usage of the proposed method makes it possible to transform the initially distorted speech signal into compliance on the registered voice template by using acceptable information discrimination criterion. It is demonstrated that our approach may be used in existing biometric systems and technologies of speaker identification.

THE NATURE OF LEGAL RESTRICTIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Galyna Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Content System ◽  
Legal Restrictions

Purpose. The article is aimed at analyzing the general theoretical principles and the essential characteristics of legal restrictions in environmental law; defining category of “environmental legal restrictions”, their content, system and the status of the respective legislation. Methodology. The methodology consists in carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the provisions of environmental legislation and formulating relevant conclusions on this basis. During the research, the following methods of scientific research were used: terminological, systemic and structural, comparative legal, structural and functional. Results. The objectively determined necessity of unconditional adherence to the legally established environmental requirements, prohibitions and restrictions as well as their potential scientifically substantiated enhancement in order to achieve environmentally significant goals oriented towards the priorities of sustainable development is substantiated. Restrictive mechanisms are scattered across statutory and regulatory acts of different legal force and even different branches of law, therefore, the need for their systematization and unification as well as generalization of the experience of their practical implementation in order to establish a comprehensive system of environmental restrictions is discussed. In our opinion, the conceptual basis and general essential characteristics of public environmental requirements and restrictions should be reflected in the future Environmental Code of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research, the author defines restrictions in environmental law as a specific sectoral imperative mechanism for regulating relations in the field of environmental safety, which consists in systematically introducing legislation on imperative provisions of environmental law as well as establishing specific legal regimes and mechanisms for their application and implementation. Practical significance. The main conclusions can be used in law-making and law-enforcing activities, as well as in further theoretical and legal research and in the educational process.

scholarly journals Secondary Data Usage in Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing: To What Extent Are Customers Aware and Concerned?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Janessa Mladucky ◽  
Bonnie Baty ◽  
Jeffrey Botkin ◽  
Rebecca Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Customer Data ◽  
Secondary Use ◽  
Data Usage ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
New Information ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Potential Risks

Introduction: Customer data from direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC GT) are often used for secondary purposes beyond providing the customer with test results. Objective: The goals of this study were to determine customer knowledge of secondary uses of data, to understand their perception of risks associated with these uses, and to determine the extent of customer concerns about privacy. Methods: Twenty DTC GT customers were interviewed about their experiences. The semi-structured interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for common themes. Results: Most participants were aware of some secondary uses of data. All participants felt that data usage for research was acceptable, but acceptability for non-research purposes varied across participants. The majority of participants were aware of the existence of a privacy policy, but few read the majority of the privacy statement. When previously unconsidered uses of data were discussed, some participants expressed concern over privacy protections for their data. Conclusion: When exposed to new information on secondary uses of data, customers express concerns and a desire to improve consent with transparency, more opt-out options, improved readability, and more information on future uses and potential risks from direct-to-consumer companies. Effective ways to improve readership about the secondary use, risk of use, and protection of customer data should be investigated and the findings implemented by DTC companies to protect public trust in these practices.

When Knowledge Work and Analytical Technologies Collide: The Practices and Consequences of Black Boxing Algorithmic Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 000183922110167
Author(s):  
Callen Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Analytical Tools

Analytical technologies that structure and process data hold great promise for organizations but also may pose fundamental challenges for how knowledge workers accomplish tasks. Knowledge workers are generally considered experts who develop deep understanding of their tools, but recent observations suggest that in some situations, they may black box their analytical technologies, meaning they trust their tools without understanding how they work. I conducted a two-year inductive ethnographic study of the use of analytical technologies across four groups in an investment bank and found two distinct paths that these groups used to validate financial analyses through what I call “validating practices”: actions that confirm whether a produced analysis is trustworthy. Surprisingly, engaging in these practices does not necessarily equate to understanding the calculations performed by the technologies. In one path, validating practices are partitioned across junior and senior roles: junior bankers engage in assembling tasks and use the analytical tools to perform analysis, while only senior bankers interpret the analysis. In the other path, junior and senior members engage in co-construction: junior bankers do both assembling and interpreting tasks, and senior bankers engage in interpreting and provide feedback on junior bankers’ reasoning and choices. Both junior and senior bankers in the partitioning groups routinely black boxed the algorithms embedded in their technologies, taking them for granted without understanding them. By contrast, bankers in the co-construction groups were conscious of the algorithms and understood their potential impact. I found that black boxing influenced the knowledge outputs of these bankers and constrained the development of junior members’ expertise, with consequences for their career trajectories.

Contemporary Readings of Sahih Al-Bukhari Its Schools, its Starting Points, Examples of its Challenges at Sahih

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 372-402
Author(s):  
Medebbeur Halim
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
The People ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Era

Sahih al-Bukhari is considered the most important hadith reference among Sunnis, and by this the importance of the study related to it appears, and the sahih has been of high standing throughout the ages. But in the modern era, he began to delve into it in terms to the inappropriateness of his hadiths in protest, and this scientific paper will monitor the features of contemporary readings by stating their methods, types, and derivation. The importance of the study: on the one hand the need to know these contemporary reading to monitor them and highlight their role in challenging the Sahih and the Sunnah in general. Methodology of the study: the paper relied on the inductive analytical method by collecting data and analyzing it according to the nature of the study. With the use of the deductive method by taking a comprehensive view of these contemporary readings. Problem the study: what are the most important contemporary readings of Sahih al-Bukhari as a stab and insult? What are types, methods, and derivation of these readings? What are the applied images outlined in the appeal against Sahih al- Bukhari? To answer this, it was necessary to develop five sections. Namely: the status of Sahih al-Bukhari among the people of hadith, the emergence of contemporary readings of Sahih al-Bukhari, the most important contemporary schools of contention in Sahih al-Bukhari, pictures of conclusion with findings and recommendations. The results of the paper are represented in the necessity to pay attention to all the sciences of the Sunnah, to intensify studies on Sahih al- Bukhari, and the call to establish a global scientific center to monitor and confront contemporary readings of the Sunnah.

scholarly journals THE VISUAL SYSTEM: A "CHICKEN AND EGG" PROBLEM SOLVED

2009 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
ANDREW R. PARKER ◽  
H. JOHN CAULFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Process Data ◽  
System A ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Brain

"What comes first: the chicken or the egg?" Eyes and vision were a great concern for Darwin. Recently, religious fundamentalists have started to attack evolution on the grounds that this is a chicken and egg problem. How could eyes improve without the brain module to use the new information that eye provides? But how could the brain evolve a neural circuit to process data not available to it until a new eye capability emerges? We argue that neural plasticity in the brain allows it to make use of essentially any useful information the eye can produce. And it does so easily within the animal's lifetime. Richard Gregory suggested something like this 40 years ago. Our work resolves a problem with his otherwise-insightful work.

scholarly journals Current problems of outlining the list of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine: theoretical and legal principles and significance for law-enforcement practice (on the example of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Ivantsov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Status ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
State Body

It is emphasized that the current legislation uses the terms "law enforcement agency", "law enforcement officer", which is directly correlated with law enforcement activities, which in turn indicates the unconditional relevance of the current study. This article analyzes the current legislation in order to separate law enforcement agencies from other government agencies, in order to assign certain positions of government agencies to law enforcement officers. As a result, the imperfections of the definitions of Ukrainian legislation for unambiguous identification of both law enforcement activities and the list of law enforcement agencies have been established. Theoretical and legal bases for establishing the affiliation of a state body to the list of law enforcement agencies in terms of practical implementation of current regulations are obtained by assessing the status of the Civil Service of Ukraine for Emergencies, namely: the assignment of a body to law enforcement should be carried out separately , taking into account the legal position (status) of such body defined in normative legal acts; if the endowment of a certain entity with the status of a law enforcement body has not occurred normatively, it is necessary to proceed from the analysis of the purpose (tasks) and basic functions assigned to a particular body and, accordingly, the powers vested in such a body It has been proved that SES bodies do not belong to law enforcement bodies, as they belong to the unified state system of civil protection (SES bodies are not assigned law enforcement tasks and / or functions; they are not endowed with law enforcement powers), and their officials cannot be recognized as law enforcement officers. body. It is emphasized that the legal approach proposed by the author to establish the affiliation of a state body to the list of "law enforcement agencies" may be fully applicable to other subjects of power, which in the future will provide an opportunity to outline the comprehensive range of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Strategic approach selection for public health through evidenced analytical tools

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2951
Author(s):  
Raghvendra Gumashta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Background: The multi-dimensional perspectives of evidence based public health strategic approaches necessitates use of efficient analytical tools towards decision making for project and programmatic interventions on a larger framework of policy, behavior and resource utilization.Methods: Respondent driven sampling (RDS) was obtained through discussion, interview and participation in the status assessment questionnaire devised for the study.Results: Lack of new initiatives supported by non-dissemination of findings of research (75%), difficult logistics management (67.39%), unaddressed training needs (46.67%), lessons learnt remaining untransformed into actionable inputs (82.60%) and less emphasis on monitoring cum evaluation (44.56%) is observed respectively while assessing quality adherence, program design, vision statement and choices of public health approaches.Conclusions: ‘Comprehensive Management and Monitoring Approach’ is found to be the best public health approach for project design, formulation, plan extension, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and revision thereby necessitating targeted interventions through well managed technical cum financial inputs. 

scholarly journals Sepakbola: Kapasitas Vital Paru dan Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Rusmanto ◽  
Rola Angga Lardika ◽  
Novri Gazali
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
T Distribution

Lung vital capacity is the status of physiological conditions associated with the ability to treat respiration together with the increasing of physical fitness, so lung vital capacity is a process involving the mechanism of the heart and blood vessels and blood which aims to provide O2 to cells in the body and transport CO2 out of body. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between lung vital capacity and the physical fitness level of Pendor Football Athletes from Universitas Riau. The collecting of data in this study is data from lung vital capacity tests and physical fitness with a sample of 20 athletes. Analysis of the data that used to process data is Product Moment correlation. For determining the significance of data, it uses formulation of t distribution. The results that obtained from lung vital capacity have a significant correlation with the level of physical fitness, this is indicated by the results obtained by r count (0622) > r table (α = 0.05) = 0.456. Meanwhile, t distribution test is obtained the result of t count (3,369) > t  table (1,734). So H0 is refused  and Ha is accepted. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between the lung vital capacity (x) and the level of physical fitness (y).

scholarly journals Ukraine’s experience in resolving the Balkan conflict

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 785-794
Author(s):  
Viktoriia V. Ruda
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
European Community ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
The Status ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Better Than

The development of a common foreign policy course and the creation of joint defence have become the main tasks of the European Community from the very beginning of its foundation, and the practical implementation of cooperation in these areas turns out to be rather difficult and runs into certain problems. Being part of the European Community, the member countries are aware of the necessity to pursue such a course in order to obtain the status of a full-fledged subject of international politics, but this does not deprive them of their fears about the loss of their national sovereignty and some foreign policy priorities. The purpose of the study is to study the process of formation and development of cooperation between Western European countries in the field of foreign policy, security and defence, as well as using the experience of the countries of the former Republic of Yugoslavia to resolve the situation on the territory of Ukraine. The comparative approach of peripheral areas emphasises the unsettled situation, which in some cases may seem better than internationally structured and is on the path of consolidation, while in other cases destabilization still strongly affects the development prospects of states.

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