scholarly journals Caviar Extract and Its Constituent DHA Inhibits UVB-Irradiated Skin Aging by Inducing Adiponectin Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3383
Author(s):  
Kyung-Eun Lee ◽  
Youn-Hwa Nho ◽  
Seok Kyun Yun ◽  
Sung-Min Park ◽  
Seunghyun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
Intracellular Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Preventive Role ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

In this study, caviar (sturgeon eggs) was used to elucidate its roles in adiponectin production and skin anti-aging. Recently, caviar has been largely used not only as a nutritional food, but also in cosmetic products. In particular, it has been reported that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as one of the main phospholipid components of caviar extract, induces intracellular lipid accumulation and the expression of adiponectin in adipocytes. Although adipocytes are well known to be associated with the skin dermis by secreting various factors (e.g., adiponectin), the effects of caviar extract and DHA on the skin are not well studied. Here, we demonstrate the effects of caviar extract and DHA on adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin production, resulting in a preventive role in UV-irradiated skin aging. Caviar extract and DHA enhanced adipocyte differentiation and promoted the synthesis of transcription factors controlling adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) were decreased in UVB-irradiated Hs68 fibroblasts that were cultured in conditioned medium from caviar extract or DHA-treated differentiated adipocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that caviar extract and DHA induce adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin production, thereby inhibiting UVB-induced premature skin aging via the suppression of MMP-1 production.

scholarly journals A Synergistic Anti-Diabetic Effect by Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 through Adipogenic and Insulin Signaling Pathways in 3T3-L1 Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1725
Author(s):  
Hee-Do Hong ◽  
Sun-Il Choi ◽  
Ok-Hwan Lee ◽  
Young-Cheul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Maximal Expression

Although ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 have been identified as the significant ginsenosides found in red ginseng that confer anti-diabetic actions, it is unclear whether insulin-sensitizing effects are mediated by the individual compounds or by their combination. To determine the effect of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 on adipocyte differentiation, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate the standard hormonal inducers in the absence or presence of ginsenosides Rb1 or Rg3. Additionally, we determined the effects of Rb1, Rg3, or their combination on the expression of genes related to adipocyte differentiation, adipogenic transcription factors, and the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 cells using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Rb1 significantly increased the expression of CEBPα, PPARγ, and aP2 mRNAs. However, Rg3 exerted its maximal stimulatory effect on these genes at 1 μM concentration, while a high concentration (50 μM) showed inhibitory effects. Similarly, treatment with Rb1 and Rg3 (1 μM) increased the expression of IRS-1, Akt, PI3K, GLUT4, and adiponectin. Importantly, co-treatment of Rb1 and Rg3 (9:1) induced the maximal expression levels of these mRNAs. Our data indicate that the anti-diabetic activity of red ginseng is, in part, mediated by synergistic actions of Rb1 and Rg3, further supporting the significance of minor Rg3.

scholarly journals Neurocosmetics in Skincare—The Fascinating World of Skin–Brain Connection: A Review to Explore Ingredients, Commercial Products for Skin Aging, and Cosmetic Regulation

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Vito Rizzi ◽  
Jennifer Gubitosa ◽  
Paola Fini ◽  
Pinalysa Cosma
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Sensitive Skin ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Major Application ◽  
Regulatory Aspect ◽  
Brain Connection ◽  
Definition Of

The “modern” cosmetology industry is focusing on research devoted to discovering novel neurocosmetic functional ingredients that could improve the interactions between the skin and the nervous system. Many cosmetic companies have started to formulate neurocosmetic products that exhibit their activity on the cutaneous nervous system by affecting the skin’s neuromediators through different mechanisms of action. This review aims to clarify the definition of neurocosmetics, and to describe the features of some functional ingredients and products available on the market, with a look at the regulatory aspect. The attention is devoted to neurocosmetic ingredients for combating skin stress, explaining the stress pathways, which are also correlated with skin aging. “Neuro-relaxing” anti-aging ingredients derived from plant extracts and neurocosmetic strategies to combat inflammatory responses related to skin stress are presented. Afterwards, the molecular basis of sensitive skin and the suitable neurocosmetic ingredients to improve this problem are discussed. With the aim of presenting the major application of Botox-like ingredients as the first neurocosmetics on the market, skin aging is also introduced, and its theory is presented. To confirm the efficacy of the cosmetic products on the market, the concept of cosmetic claims is discussed.

scholarly journals Study of expression analysis of SIRT4 and the coordinate regulation of bovine adipocyte differentiation by SIRT4 and its transcription factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyun Hong ◽  
Shijun Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Chugang Mei ◽  
Linsen Zan
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Core Promoter ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Gene Assay ◽  
Bovine Adipocytes

Sirtuins, NAD+-dependent deacylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases, are critical regulators of metabolism involved in many biological processes, and are involved in mediating adaptive responses to the cellular environment. SIRT4 is a mitochondrial sirtuin and has been shown to play a critical role in maintaining insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. As a regulator of lipid homeostasis, SIRT4 can repress fatty acid oxidation and promote lipid anabolism in nutrient-replete conditions. Using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) to explore the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of bovine SIRT4 during adipocyte differentiation, we found that bovine SIRT4 is expressed at high levels in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue. SIRT4 knockdown led to decreased expression of adipogenic differentiation marker genes during adipocyte differentiation. The core promoter of bovine SIRT4 was identified in the −402/−60 bp region of the cloned 2-kb fragment containing the 5′-regulatory region. Binding sites were identified in this region for E2F transcription factor-1 (E2F1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (CEBPβ), homeobox A5 (HOXA5), interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), paired box 4 (PAX4), and cAMP responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) by using Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase reporter gene assay. We also found that E2F1, CEBPβ, and HOXA5 transcriptionally activate SIRT4 expression, whereas, IRF4, PAX4, and CREB1 transcriptionally repress SIRT4 expression. We further verified that SIRT4 knockdown could affect the ability of these transcription factors (TFs) to regulate the differentiation of bovine adipocytes. In conclusion, our results shed light on the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of SIRT4 expression in bovine adipocytes.

Characterization of the human lipoprotein lipase (LPL) promoter: evidence of two cis-regulatory regions, LP-alpha and LP-beta, of importance for the differentiation-linked induction of the LPL gene during adipogenesis

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4622-4633 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Enerbäck ◽  
B G Ohlsson ◽  
L Samuelsson ◽  
G Bjursell
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Fork Head ◽  
Lpl Gene ◽  
Adipocyte Development

When preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes, several differentiation-linked genes are activated. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is one of the first genes induced during this process. To investigate early events in adipocyte development, we have focused on the transcriptional activation of the LPL gene. For this purpose, we have cloned and fused different parts of intragenic and flanking sequences with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. Transient transfection experiments and DNase I hypersensitivity assays indicate that several positive as well as negative elements contribute to transcriptional regulation of the LPL gene. When reporter gene constructs were stably introduced into preadipocytes, we were able to monitor and compare the activation patterns of different promoter deletion mutants at selected time points representing the process of adipocyte development. We could delimit two cis-regulatory elements important for gradual activation of the LPL gene during adipocyte development in vitro. These elements, LP-alpha (-702 to -666) and LP-beta (-468 to -430), contain a striking similarity to a consensus sequence known to bind the transcription factors HNF-3 and fork head. Results of gel mobility shift assays and DNase I and exonuclease III in vitro protection assays indicate that factors with DNA-binding properties similar to those of the HNF-3/fork head family of transcription factors are present in adipocytes and interact with LP-alpha and LP-beta. We also demonstrate that LP-alpha and LP-beta were both capable of conferring a differentiation-linked expression pattern to a heterolog promoter, thus mimicking the expression of the endogenous LPL gene during adipocyte differentiation. These findings indicate that interactions with LP-alpha and LP-beta could be a part of a differentiation switch governing induction of the LPL gene during adipocyte differentiation.

Characterization of cellular development and fatty acid accumulation in thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium strains of Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natarajan Velmurugan ◽  
Yesupatham Sathishkumar ◽  
Shashanka Sonowal ◽  
Ka-Lai Pang ◽  
Yang Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Intracellular Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Level

Abstract Long-chain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids of two new thraustochytrid isolates cultured from Taiwan mangroves, Aurantiochytrium sp. IMB169 and Aurantiochytrium sp. IMB171, were characterized through their cell growth and development in relation to their intracellular lipid accumulation using transmission electron microscopy. Flow cytometry in combination with the lipophilic fluorescent dye BODIPY 505/515 was used to stain and characterize intracellular lipid bodies in the two isolates. The transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry analyses revealed a progressive accumulation of lipid products in IMB169 and IMB171. Further, selective BODIPY stained cells were successfully separated and enriched using flow cytometry at single cell level. Among the two isolates, IMB169 was found to produce a high level of docosahexaenoic acid. The qualitative and analytical results obtained using electron microscopy and flow cytometry studies were validated by gas chromatography (GC). In addition, a quantitative baseline was established using cell growth, flow cytometry and GC analyses for developing an efficient bioprocessing methodology to selectively enrich thraustochytrids phenotypes with desirable characteristics.

scholarly journals Lugol Increases Lipolysis through Upregulation of PPAR-Gamma and Downregulation of C/EBP-Alpha in Mature 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cuellar-Rufino Sergio ◽  
Zepeda Rossana Citlali ◽  
Flores-Muñoz Mónica ◽  
Santiago-Roque Isela ◽  
Arroyo-Helguera Omar
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Molecular Iodine ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Lugol Solution ◽  
Release Of Glycerol

Overweight and obesity are defined as excessive and abnormal fat accumulation that is harmful to health. This study analyzes the effect of different concentrations of the lugol solution (molecular iodine dissolved in potassium iodide) on lipolysis in cultured 3T3-L1-differentiated adipocytes. The mature adipocytes were treated with doses from 1 to 100 µm of lugol for 0.5, 6, and 24 h. The results showed that mature adipocytes exposed to lugol decrease their viability and increase caspase-3 activity with a lethal dose (LD50) of 473 µm. In mature adipocytes, lugol decreased the total intracellular lipid content, being significant at doses of 10 and 100 µm after 6 and 24 h of treatment (P<0.01), and the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides decreased after 24 h of exposure to lugol (P<0.05). Lugol treatment significantly increases the release of glycerol to the culture medium (P<0.05). The levels of adipocyte-specific transcription factors C/EBP-α were downregulated and PPAR-γ upregulated after 30 min with lugol. These results indicate a lipolytic effect of lugol dependent on PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α expression in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document